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Different faces of gastroparesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6052-6060页

作者： klaus Bielefeldt Naeem Raza Susan l Zickmund Division of Gastroenterology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Center of Health Equity Research and practice at the Veteran Administration Health System pittsburgh

AIM： To test the hypothesis that pain and affect rather than impaired emptying determine symptom severity in patients with gastroparesis. METHODS： Adult patients with documented gastroparesis were enrolled prospectively in a single center and asked to complete the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index （GCSt）, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HADS）, the Short Form 12 （SF-12） as quality of life index, rate pain severity and answer 10 open-ended questions. RESUlTS： A total of 55 patients （44 women） participated. Idiopathic （n = 29） or diabetic （n = 11） gastroparesis and connective tissue disease （n = 8） were the most common underlying causes. Antiemetics （n = 30） and prokinetics （n = 32） were most often prescribed. Seventeen patients used opioids on a daily basis. Nausea and/or vomiting （n = 28）, pain （n = 24） and bloating （n = 14） were most commonly listed as dominant symptoms. patients subjectively attributed symptom improvement to nutritional and dietary therapy （n= 11）, prokinetics （n = 11）, antiemetics （n = 10） or analgesic agents （n = 3）. In univariate analyses, the physical subscore of the SF-12 and HADS, but not gastric emptying delay or symptom duration significantly correlated with disease severity as measured by the GCSI. In multivariate analyses, the combination of vomiting, bloating and depression best predicted the overall impact on quality of life. CONClUSION： The study confirms the importance of pain and affect in gastroparesis, which requires novel approaches to improve more effectively the quality of life in patients with this disorder.

关键词： pain Depression Gastroparesis Quality oflife

Interaction between Aluminum and Zinc or Copper and Its Effects on the pituitary-Testicular Axis Ⅱ. Testicular Enzyme and Serum Gonadotropin Assay

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1990年第1期3卷 11-19页

作者： klaus l. STEMMER Department of Environmental Health University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio 45267

Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into groups and maintained on a semipurified diet containing either 5 or 40 ppm of zinc or 2 or 8 ppm of copper. Half of the rats in each group received 1000 ppm aluminum in the diet. It was found that aluminum accumulated in the pituitary glands and testes when dietary copper levels were suboptimal. The Alp activity in testes was depressed by the added aluminum when the intake of zinc or copper was suboptimal. SDH, lDH, and lDH-X activities were inhibited and GRS and GGTp activities were elevated in rats fed either the suboptimal zinc or copper diet. However, the added aluminum in the diet reversed the changes to normal levels. The testosterone levels in plasma changed very little when the zinc or copper intake was suboptimal. An increase in plasma FSH was demonstrated in groups of both suboptimal zinc and copper intake. But the plasma lH was elevated only in the group receiving the suboptimal copper diet, and the added aluminum reversed plasma lH to control levels. A lower level of testosterone was demonstrated in the group given suboptimal copper with aluminum. It was concluded that dietary aluminum influenced the pituitary-testicular axis by interacting with certain essential trace metals, particularly zinc. 1990 Academic press. Inc.

关键词： Cu Zn Testicular Enzyme and Serum Gonadotropin Assay

Interaction of Aluminum with Zinc and Copper and Its Effects on pituitary-Testicular Axis: A Histological Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1990年第1期3卷 1-10页

作者： klaus l. STEMMER Gansu provincial Occupational Health Institute Lanzhou China and Department of Environmental Health University of Cincinnati Cincinnati. Ohio 45267

To elucidate the interactions between aluminum and certain essential trace metals, an experiment was performed on rats fed diets with suboptimal or optimal levels of zinc or copper. Half of each group of animals were fed the same diet but with 1000 ppm aluminum added. Changes were noted after 120 days. Severe testicular damage was seen in rats fed either the low zinc or the low copper diet. The lesions included a wide range of spermatogenic cell degeneration and tubular atrophy. When aluminum was added to the diet, the testicular destruction of Zn-defi-cient rats was significantly reduced. This indicated that the presence of aluminum in the diet protected the testis against the damage caused by zinc deficiency. pituitary glands were examined. Hypertrophy of basophiles was more pronounced in rats fed the suboptimal zinc or copper diet. When aluminum was added to their diet, the changes were reversed. The mechanisms by which aluminum protects male gonadal functions against Zn deficiency are discussed. This study is the first to demonstrate the preventive effect of aluminum against testicular damage caused by zinc deficiency. 1990 Academic press. Inc.

关键词： A Histological Study

Regional lymphadenectomy strongly recommended in T1b gallbladder cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第38期17卷 4347-4348页

作者： Ulrich klaus Fetzner Arnulf H Hlscher Dirk l Stippel Department of General Visceral and Cancer SurgeryUniversity Hospital of Cologne

This article discusses the adequate treatment of early gallbladder cancer （Tla, Tlb） and is based on published studies extending over nearly 3 decades. Ran- domized studies and meta analyses comparing different surgical treatments do not exist. The literature shows that in up to 20% of patients lymph node metastasis are found in Tlb gallbladder cancer. Due to high malignancy with early angiolymphatic spread and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation on the one hand, and the relative low operative risk of extended cholecystectomy （cholecystectomy and regional lymphadenectomy） on the other hand, we believe that this procedure is mandatory in early gallbladder cancer.

关键词： Gallbladder cancer long-term survival lymphadenectomy Surgical treatment

Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 37-46页

作者： Kasey M Moyes Torben larsen peter S?rensen klaus l Ingvartsen Department of Animal and Avian Sciences University of Maryland142 Animal Sciences BuildingMD 20742-231120910 College ParkMDUSA Department of Animal Science Faculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus University

Background： The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during IMI challenge with Escherichia coli （E. coh. for dairy cows during early lactation. Thirty, healthy primiparous Holstein cows were infused （h = 0） with -20-40 cfu of live E. coil into one front mammary quarter at -4-6 wk in lactation. Daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded. At -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 and 192 h relative to challenge rectal temperatures were recorded and quarter foremilk was collected for analysis of shedding of E. coil Composite milk samples were collected at -180, -132, -84, -36, -12, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge （h=0） and analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase （lDH）, somatic cell count, fat, protein, lactose, citrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate （BHBA）, free glucose （fglu）, and glucose-6-phosphate （G6p）. Blood was collected at -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 60, 72, 84, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge and analyzed for plasma non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA）, BHBA and glucose concentration. A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the effect of IMI challenge on metabolic responses of cows during early lactation. Results： By 12 h, E. coli was recovered from challenged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h. Rectal temperature peaked by 12 h post-challenge and returned to pre-challenge values by 36 h post-IMI challenge. Daily feed intake and milk yield decreased （p 〈0.05） by 1 and 2 d, respectively, after mastitis challenge. plasma BHBA decreased （12 h, p 〈0.05） from 0.96± 1.1 at 0 h to 0.57±0.64 mmol/l by ]8 h whereas concentration of plasma NEFA （78 h） and glucose （24 h） were significantly greater, 11 and 27%, respectively, after challenge. In milk fglu, lactose, citrate, fat and protein yield were lower whereas yield of BHBA and G6p were higher after challenge when compared to pre-challenge values. Conclusion

关键词： Cow Early lactation Escherichia coli Metabolism

Bravo (wireless) ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring: How do day 1 and day 2 results compare?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第30期13卷 4091-4095页

作者： Matthew l Bechtold Jason-Scott l Holly klaus Thaler John B Marshall Division of Gastroenterology University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics Columbia MO 65212 United States General Surgery University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics Columbia MO 65212 United States

AIM： To investigate if differences exist for patients＇ gastroesophageal reflux as measured by the Bravo ambulatory esophageal pH system between d 1 and d 2.METHODS： A retrospective study of 27 consecutive adult patients who underwent Bravo esophageal pH monitoring was performed. patients underwent EGD under Ⅳ conscious sedation prior to Bravo placement. Acid reflux variables and symptom scores for d 1 were compared to d 2.RESUlTS： The mean doses of fentanyl and midazolam were 90.4 μg and 7.2 mg, respectively. D 1 results were significantly more elevated than d 2 with respect to total time pH 〈 4, upright position reflux, and mean number of long refluxes. No statistical difference was noted between the two days for supine position reflux, number of refluxes, duration of longest reflux, episodes of heartburn, and symptom score.CONClUSION： patients undergoing Bravo esophageal pH monitoring in association with EGD and moderate conscious sedation experience significantly more acid reflux on d i compared to d 2. The Ⅳ sedation may be responsible for the increased reflux on d 1. performed this way, 48-h Bravo results may not be entirely representative of the patients＇ true GE reflux profile.

关键词： Esophageal pH monitoring Bravo Gastroeso- phageal reflux disease Reflux pH testing

Near-infrared-reflection spectroscopy as measuring method to determine the state of the process for automatic control of anaerobic digestion

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第2期6卷 63-72页

作者： Andrea Stockl Daniel löffler Hans Oechsner Thomas Jungbluth klaus Fischer Martin Kranert State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy University of Hohenheim70593 Stuttgart-PlieningenGermany Institute for Sanitary Engineering Water Quality and Solid Waste ManagementUniversity of StuttgartBandtäle 270569 StuttgartGermany State Institute of Agricultural Engineering Livestock System EngineeringUniversity of Hohenheim70593 Stuttgart-PlieningenGermany

A recently developed control strategy for the anaerobic digestion process requires secure knowledge about the state of the *** near infrared reflection spectroscopy(NIRS),provides the possibility to determine process parameters of the anaerobic digestion process online and directly at the *** investigate if the NIRS measurements can successfully be used for the characterization of the state of the process within the control strategy the control was operated on two experimental *** NIR spectra were recorded during the *** values of the process parameters(mainly concentrations of organic acids)obtained by NIRS differ from the values of the chemical analyses during the *** the state of the process is categorized equally on the basis of both measurement *** can consequently be stated that NIRS is expected to meet the requirements of the control strategy.

关键词： near-infrared-reflection spectroscopy(NIRS) state of the process automatic process control anaerobic digestion biogas

Referential alarm calling behaviour in New World primates

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 680-697页

作者： Cristiane CASAR klaus ZUBERBOHlER Scottish primate Research Group School of Psychology University of St Andrews. St Mary's Quad St Andrews Fife Scotland UK KY16 9JP Conservation Ecology and Animal Behaviour Group Department of Post-Graduate Studies in Zoology Pr6dio 41 Pontificia Universidade Cat61ica de Minas Gerais Av. Dom Jos6 Gaspar 500 Cora~o Eucarfstico 30535-610 Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil Cognitive Science Centre Rue Emile Argand 11 University of Neuch~tel Neuch~tel Switzerland

There is relatively good evidence that non-human primates can communicate about objects and events in their envi- ronment in ways that allow recipients to draw inferences about the nature of the event experienced by the signaller. In some spe- cies, there is also evidence that the basic semantic units are not individual calls, but call sequences and the combinations gener- ated by them. These two findings are relevant to theories pertaining to the origins of human language because of the resemblances of these phenomena with linguistic reference and syntactic organisation. Until recently, however, most research efforts on the primate origins of human language have involved Old World species with comparatively few systematic studies on New World monkeys, which has prevented insights into the deeper phylogenetic roots and evolutionary origins of language-relevant capaci- ties. To address this, we review the older primate literature and very recent evidence for functionally referential communication and call combinations in New World primates. Within the existing literature there is ample evidence in both Callitrichids and Ce- bids for acoustically distinct call variants given to external disturbances that are accompanied by distinct behavioural responses. A general pattern is that one call type is typically produced in response to a wide range of general disturbances, often on the ground but also including inter-group encounters, while another call type is produced in response to a much narrower range of aerial threats. This pattern is already described for Old World monkeys and prosimians, suggesting an early evolutionary origin. Second, recent work with black-fronted tiff monkeys has produced evidence for different alarm call sequences consisting of acoustically distinct call types. These sequences appear to encode several aspects of the predation event simultaneously, notably predator type and location. Since meaningful call sequences have already been described in

关键词： primate alarm calls Functionally referential calls Call combinations New World monkeys Old World monkeys

Characterization and modeling of the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in sintered porous silicon-aluminum nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5663-5670页

作者： Danny Kojda Tommy Hofmann Natalia Gostkowska-lekner klaus Habicht Department Dynamics and Transport in Quantum Materials Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHBerlin D-14109Germany Institute of physics and Astronomy University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany

Nanostructured silicon and silicon-aluminum compounds are synthesized by a novel synthesis strategy based on spark plasma sintering(SpS)of silicon nanopowder,mesoporous silicon(pSi),and aluminum *** interplay of metal-assisted crystallization and inherent porosity is exploited to largely suppress thermal *** and temperaturedependent thermal conductivity studies allow us to elucidate the impact of porosity and nanostructure on the macroscopic heat *** electron microscopy along with quantitative image analysis is applied to characterize the sample morphology in terms of domain size and interpore distance *** demonstrate that nanostructured domains and high porosity can be maintained in densified mesoporous silicon *** contrast,strong grain growth is observed for sintered nanopowders under similar sintering *** observe that aluminum agglomerations induce local grain growth,while aluminum diffusion is observed in porous silicon and dispersed nanoparticles.A detailed analysis of the measured thermal conductivity between 300 and 773 K allows us to distinguish the effect of reduced thermal conductivity caused by porosity from the reduction induced by phonon scattering at nanosized *** a modified landauer/lundstrom approach the relative thermal conductivity and the scattering length are *** relative thermal conductivity confirms the applicability of Kirkpatrick’s effective medium *** extracted scattering lengths are in excellent agreement with the harmonic mean of log-normal distributed domain sizes and the interpore distances combined by Matthiessen’s rule.

关键词： thermal conductivity mesoporous silicon porosity spark plasma sintering nanoscale modeling