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Immunomodulatory activity of a lupane triterpenoid ester isolated from the eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranthus micranthus(Linn)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第7期4卷 514-522页

作者： Omeje Edwin Ogechukwu Osadebe Patience Ogoamaka Nworu Chukwuemeka sylvester Akira Kawamura Peter Proksch Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria410001NsukkaNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria410001NsukkaNigeria Department of Chemistry Hunter College of CUNYThe City University of New YorkU.S.A Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Heinrich-Hein UniversityDusseldorfGermany

Objective:To provide further evidence for the ethnomedicinal use of the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranthus micranthus(***),as an ***:Solvent fractions from the crude extract of the mistletoe plant was obtained and screened by the cell mediated delayed type hypersensitivity reaction(DTHR) model in *** the immunomodulatory potentials of a major lupane triterpenoid ester isolated from an active hexane fraction of the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe was *** lupeol-based triterpenoid esters: 7β15α-dihydroxyl-lup-20(29)-ene-3β-palmitate(Ⅰ),7β,15α-dihydroxyl-lup-20(29)- ene-3β-stearate(Ⅱ) and 7β,15α-dihydroxyl-lup-20(29)-ene-3β-decadecanoate(Ⅲ) were isolated from the plant leaves epiphyting on a local kola nut tree and were characterized. Compound 1 was subjected to cell proliferation studies using C57H1/6 splenocvtes at three dose levels(5.25 and 100μg/mL) in presence of ***,the effect of this compound on IL-8 receptor expression was evaluated at three doses(1,5 and 10μg/mL) using the real time polymerase chain reaction ***:This triterpenoid ester produced some enhancement of the splenocytes at the tested doses but at doses higher than 5μg/mL caused inhibition of the IL-8 receptor ***:The present findings support the ethnomedicinal use of the Eastern Nigeria Mistletoe in the management of diseases affecting the immune *** trilerpenoid(s) have some immunomodulatory abilities on splenocytes and IL-8 receptors and may partly account lor the overall immunomodulatory activity of this plant.

关键词： Lupane triterpenoid Loranthus micranthus Eastern Nigeria mistletoe Interleukin-8 Cell proliferation Anti-inflammatory

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Normothermic Ex-vivo Liver Perfusion and the Clinical Implications for Liver Transplantation

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第3期6卷 276-282页

作者： Clifford Akateh Eliza W.Beal Bryan A.Whitson sylvester M.Black General and Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA Division of Transplant Surgery Department of SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA

Despite significant improvements in outcomes after liver trans-plantation,many patients continue to die on the waiting list,while awaiting an available organ for *** shortage is not only due to an inadequate number of available organs,but also the inability to adequately assess and evaluate these organs prior to *** the last few decades,ex-vivo perfusion of the liver has emerged as a useful technique for both improved organ preservation and assessment of organs prior to *** animal studies have shown the superiority of ex-vivo perfusion over cold static ***,these studies have not,necessa-rily,been translatable to human *** animal studies have been essential in understanding and improving this ***,these results have yet to be translated into clinical use.A few Phase 1 clinical trials have shown promise and confirmed the viability of this ***,more robust studies are needed before ex-vivo liver perfusion can be widely accepted as the new clinical standard of organ ***,we aimed to review al relevant large and smal animal research,as well as human liver studies on normother-mic ex-vivo perfusion,and to identify areas of deficiency and opportunities for future research endeavors.

关键词： Liver Transplantation Ex-vivo perfusion

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Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance of Nkhafi Irrigation Scheme in Dowa District, Malawi, Africa

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2021年第3期10卷 95-107页

作者： Davis Sibale Godfrey Mwenelupembe sylvester Chikabvumbwa sylvester Chisale Department of Land and Water Resources Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Lilongwe Malawi Department of Civil Engineering (Water) University of Malawi The Polytechnic Blantyre Malawi Department of Applied Studies Malawi University of Science and Technology Thyolo Malawi

This study evaluated the water delivery performance of Nkhafi irrigation scheme based on adequacy, water delivery efficiency, equity, dependability and irrigation efficiency. Primary data were collected from field measurements, scheduled interviews, group discussions and use of a structured questionnaire. CROPWAT 8.0 computer model was used to determine crop water requirements and irrigation requirements. The results revealed that adequacy, water delivery efficiency, equity, dependability and overall water delivery performance were (0.74;0.82), (0.70;0.80), (0.15;0.20), (0.11;0.21) and (0.80;0.80) for 2017 and 2018 seasons respectively. The scheme overall irrigation efficiencies were 20% and 25% for 2017 and 2018 respectively. These findings revealed that scheme users failed to deliver adequate and dependable water in an effective manner in both growing seasons. This occurred due to insufficient water supply, poor irrigation scheduling, lack of adequate knowledge and skills in operating and rehabilitating hydraulic structures, siltation and water losses through seepage in canals. Therefore, it is recommended that major maintenance works need to be done along the whole canal network in order to achieve good overall water delivery performance. Furthermore, farmers need to be trained in water management, sustainable agricultural production practices, operation and maintenance of irrigation structures. The study has provided an insight on the status of the scheme hence encouraging scheme users to improve water delivery performance.

关键词： Adequacy Water Delivery Efficiency Equity Dependability Irrigation Efficiency

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Trends and outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma:a national survey

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第6期16卷 624-630页

作者： Khalid Mumtaz Nishi Patel Rohan M Modi Vihang Patel Alice Hinton James Hanje sylvester M Black Somashaker Krishna Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OHUSA Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OHUSA Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OHUSA Division of Biostatistics College of Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

BACKGROUND:Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) is a palliative procedure frequently used in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). We examined the national inpatient trends of TACE and related outcomes in the United States over the last ***:We utilized the National Inpatient Sample(2002 to 2012) and performed trend analyses of TACE for HCC in all adult patients(age >18 years). Multivariate analyses for the outcomes of in-hospital "procedure-related complications"(PRCs) and "post-procedure complications"(PPCs) were performed. We also compared early(2002 to 2006) and late(2007 to 2012) eras by multivariate analyses to identify predictors of complications, healthcare resource utilization and ***:Overall, 19058 patients underwent TACE for HCC where PRCs and PPCs were seen in 24.2% and 17.6% of patients, respectively. The overall trends in the use of TACE(P<0.001) and associated PRCs(P=0.006) were observed to be increasing. There was less mortality [adjusted Odds ratio(a OR):0.58; 95% CI:0.41, 0.82], reduced length of hospital stay(-1.87 days; 95% CI:-2.77,-0.97) and increased hospital charges($19232; 95% CI:11013, 27451) in the late era. Additionally, there was increased mortality(a OR:4.07; 95% CI:2.96, 5.59), PRCs(a OR:3.21; 95% CI:2.56, 4.02), and PPCs(a OR:2.70; 95% CI:2.11, 3.46) among patients with ***:There is an increasing trend of TACE utilization in HCC. However, the outcomes are worse in patients with coagulopathy. Although PRCs have increased, mortality has decreased in recent years. These findings should be considered during TACE evaluation in patients with HCC.

关键词： transarterial chemoembolization hepatocellular carcinoma procedural complications mortality

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Field assessment of straw pellet combustion in improved heating stoves in rural Northeast China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 295-307页

作者： Yafei Liu Zhimin Li Emily Floess You Zhang Nicholas Lam sylvester K.Mawusi Prabin Shrestha Xinghua Li Chunyu Xue Guangqing Liu Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center College of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Civil Constructionand Environmental EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695-7103USA Schatz Energy Research Center Humboldt State UniversityArcataCA 95521USA School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Straw pellets are widely promoted and expected to be a cleaner alternative fuel to unprocessed crop residues and rawcoal in rural ***,the effectiveness of these dissemination programs is not well *** this field study,emission characteristics of burning strawpellets,rawcoal,and unprocessed corn cobs in heating stoveswere investigated in a pilot village in Northeast *** measurements covering the whole combustion cycle(ignition,flaming,and smoldering phases)shows the promotion of improved heating stoves and straw pellets could reduce pollutant emissions(e.g.,SO_(2) and CO),but increase NO_(X) and PM_(2.5) emissions compared to the initial stove-fuel use pattern in the studied *** is a significant variance in emission characteristics between different combustion *** normalized emission concentrations of the different stove-fuel combinations were higher than the limits in the Chinese national standard for heating stoves,indicating that the standard is not met for real-world *** consumption was lower than official *** surveys were conducted to identify the barriers to fuel and stove access associated with existing promotion strategies,management,and *** pilot program was of the typical“subsidy-and-policy-dependence”pattern and was unlikely to be implemented on a large *** innovation,operational optimization,and proper policies considering the local socioeconomic factors are needed to sustain the promotion of biomass straw pellets and stoves.

关键词： Northeast China Straw pellet Improved heating stove Emission factors

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Low-energy X-ray attenuation characteristics of Rhizophora ***

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第3期32卷 11-29页

作者： Damilola Oluwafemi Samson Ahmad Shukri Mohd Zubir Mat Jafri Rokiah Hashim Mohd Zahri Abdul Aziz sylvester Jande Gemanam Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 GelugorPenangMalaysia School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 GelugorPenangMalaysia Advanced Medical and Dental Institute Universiti Sains Malaysia13200 BertamPenangMalaysia School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia16150 Kota BharuKelantanMalaysia

Photon absorption parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients(μ_m),molar extinction coefficients(ε),total molecular(σ_(t,m)),atomic(σ_(t,a))and electronic(σ_(t,el))cross sections,half-value layers(X_(1/2)),tenth-value layers(X_(1/10)),mean free paths(λ),effective atomic numbers(Z_(eff)),and effective electron densities(N_(el))were estimated for defatted soy flour(DSF),soy protein concentrate(SPC),and soy protein isolate(SPI)-based Rhizophora *** composites substituted with 10 wt%sodium hydroxide(NaOH)and 0,5,10,and 15 wt%itaconic acid polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin(IA-PAE)*** composition was assessed using ultrahigh-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(UHR-FESEM-EDX).The interaction parameters were evaluated for K_(α1)photons at16.59,17.46,21.21,and 25.26 keV,employing a low-energy germanium(LEGe)detector system and an~(241)Amγ-ray source.X-ray diffraction characterization revealed an amorphous phase in the developed particleboard *** DSF15',SPC15',and SPI15'exhibited the highest values ofμ_m,ε,σ_(t,m),Zeff,and N_(el)among all of the studied particleboard samples,within the range of measured photon *** addition,all of the modified samples exhibited lower X_(1/2),X_(1/10),λ,σ_(t,a),andσ_(t,el)than the unmodified samples,with DSF-,SPC-,and SPI/NaOH/Rhizophora spp./IA-PAE(15 wt%),indicating insignificant *** current results of the particleboard samples'analysis can be useful for medical radiation applications and shielding research.

关键词： Photon interaction parameters Shielding DSF–SPC–SPI Particleboards NaOH/IA-PAE

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Assessing Student Learning Using the Constructor Qualification Examination in US Accredited Programs

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2012年第11期6卷 1473-1481页

作者： Keith Everette sylvester Department of Architectural and Manufacturing Sciences Western Kentucky University Kentucky 42101 USA

Today, construction management programs face growing academic accountability resulting in the need to define new program outcomes to measure student learning. In most cases, student learning is analyzed only within the context of an academic program using survey methods which do not accurately quantify overall student learning. Contrary to this condition, construction management programs increasingly require students to take level lofthe nationally administered CQE （constructor qualification exam） upon graduation. However, little or no analysis of this data is conducted beyond basic interpretation of the national and program averages provided by the testing agency. Providing a statistical approach to analyze this data and to propose recommended strategies for its improvement, this research develops and investigates statistical methods to analyze the national test data as a program assessment tool for student learning. Specifically, this work seeks to develop performance standards and expectations for students when taking the CQE exam, to define correlations between student GPA （grade point average） and student performance on the CQE exam. Likewise, this work presents methods to identify program weakness and strategies for improvement by comparing the CQE Level 1 exam with ACCE （American council for construction education） accreditation standards.

关键词： Construction management assessment student learning

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Has global deforestation accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 1153-1165页

作者： Jonnathan Céspedes Janelle M.sylvester Lisset Pérez-Marulanda Paula Paz-Garcia Louis Reymondin Mehran Khodadadi Jhon J.Tello Augusto Castro-Nunez The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Km 17 Recta Cali-PalmiraCaliColombia Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF) MünchebergGermany

As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded,questions arose as to whether the pandemic would amplify or pacify tropical *** reports warned of increased deforestation rates;however,these studies were limited to a few months in 2020 or to selected *** better understand how the pandemic infl uenced tropical deforestation globally,this study used historical deforestation data(2004–2019)from the Terra-i pantropical land cover change monitoring system to project expected deforestation trends for 2020,which were used to determine whether observed deforestation deviated from expected trajectories after the fi rst COVID-19 cases were *** series analyses were conducted at the regional level for the Americas,Africa and Asia and at the country level for Brazil,Colombia,Peru,the Democratic Republic of Congo and *** results suggest that the pandemic did not alter the course of deforestation trends in some countries(e.g.,Brazil,Indonesia),while it did in others(e.g.,Peru).We posit the importance of monitoring the long-term eff ects of the pandemic on deforestation trends as countries prioritize economic recovery in the aftermath of the pandemic.

关键词： Deforestation COVID-19 Time series Terra-i Drivers of deforestation monitoring

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Characterisation of a novel, multifunctional, co-processed excipient and its effect on release profile of paracetamol from tablets prepared by direct compression

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第9期5卷 739-742页

作者： Eraga sylvester Okhuelegbe Arhewoh Matthew Ikhuoria Uhumwangho Michael Uwumagbe Iwuagwu Magnus Amara Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Benin

Objective: To characterise a novel multifunctional pharmaceutical excipient and investigate its ef ect on paracetamol release from tablets prepared by direct ***: The excipient was prepared by co-processing gelatinized maize starch with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose in a ratio of 2:1:1, dried and pulverized into powder. The excipient formulated was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dif erential scanning calorimetry. The excipient was used to prepare batches of tablets by direct compression with drug-excipient ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. Parameters evaluated on tablets include crushing strength, friability and in vitro dissolution studies. Results: Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed a crystalline excipient while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed no interaction between the excipient and paracetamol. Tablets from all the batches gave average crushing strength values between 3.47 and 4.88 kp. The 1:1 and 1:2 tablet batches were comparable to each other while 1:3 and 1:4 were also comparable to one another in their dissolution proi les. The dissolution parameters of the 1:4 batch was faster with- m∞(90.5%), t50%(3.5 min), t70%(11.6 min) while that of ratio 1:1 was the least with- m∞(48.6%), m5min(23.8%). Their release kinetics followed a KorsmeyerPeppas model with a super case-II transport ***: The drug-excipient ratios of 1:3 and 1:4 gave pharmaceutically acceptable tablets that met the British Pharmacopoeia specii cations. The t50% value of the 1:4 batch of tablets may i nd its usefulness in formulating drugs for which a fast onset of action is desired.

关键词： Co-processed excipient Dissolution proiles Paracetamol tablet Direct compression

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Sedation practices for routine diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Nigeria

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2012年第6期4卷 260-265页

作者： sylvester Chuks Nwokediuko Olive Obienu Gastroenterology Unit Department of MedicineUniversity of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla01129 EnuguNigeria

AIM:To determine the sedation practices and preferences of Nigerian endoscopists for routine diagnostic upper gastrointestinal ***:A structured questionnaire containing questions related to sedation practices and safety procedures was administered to Nigerian gastrointestinal endoscopists at the 2011 annual conference of the Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Nigeria which was held at Ibadan,June 23-35,***:Of 35 endoscopists who responded,17(48.6%) used sedation for less than 25% of procedures,while 14(40.0%) used sedation for more than 75% of upper gastrointestinal *** majority of respondents(22/35 or 62.9%) had less than 5 years experience in gastrointestinal *** sedative of choice was benzodiazepine alone in the majority of respondents(85.7%).Opioid use(alone or in combination with benzodiazepines) was reported by only 5 respondents(14.3%).None of the respondents had had any experience with ***-anaesthesiologist-directed sedation was practiced by 91.4% of *** of oxygen saturation during sedation was practiced by only 57.1% of *** half of the respondents(18/35 or 51.4%) never used supplemental oxygen for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal ***:Sedation for routine diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Nigeria is characterized by lack of guidelines,and differs markedly from that in developed countries.

关键词： Gastrointestinal endoscopy Nigeria Sedation

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