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Conceptualization and treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia

World Journal of Psychiatry 2015年第4期5卷 352-361页

作者： Sonali Sarkar kiley hillner Dawn I Velligan Department of Psychiatry University of Texas Health Science Center

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia including social withdrawal, diminished affective response, lack of interest, poor social drive, and decreased sense of purpose or goal directed activity predict poor functional outcomes for patients with schizophrenia. They may develop and be maintained as a result of structural and functional brain abnormalities, particularly associated with dopamine reward pathways and by environmental and psychosocial factors such as self-defeating cognitions and the relief from overstimulation that accompanies withdrawal from social and role functioning. Negative symptoms are more difficult to treat than the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and represent an unmet therapeutic need for large numbers of patients with schizophrenia. While antipsychotic medications to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia have been around for decades, they have done little to address the significant functional impairments in the disorder that are associated with negative symptoms. Negative symptoms and the resulting loss in productivity are responsible for much of the world-wide personal and economic burden of schizophrenia. Pharmacologic treatments may be somewhat successful in treating secondary causes of negative symptoms, such as antipsychotic side effects and depression. However, in the United States there are no currently approved treatments for severe and persistent negative symptoms(PNS) that are not responsive to treatments for secondary causes. Pharmacotherapy and psychosocial treatments are currently being developed and tested with severe and PNS as their primary targets. Academia, clinicians, the pharmaceutical industry, research funders, payers and regulators will need to work together to pursue novel treatments to address this major public health issue.

关键词： Motivation Functional outcomes Negative symptoms Schizophrenia Treatment

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PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in breast cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2015年第4期12卷 342-354页

作者： Joycelyn JX Lee kiley Loh Yoon-Sim Yap Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center Singapore

Activation of the phosphoinositide 3 kinase(PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) pathway is common in breast cancer. There is preclinical data to support inhibition of the pathway, and phase Ⅰ to Ⅲ trials involving inhibitors of the pathway have been or are being conducted in solid tumors and breast cancer. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, is currently approved for the treatment of hormone receptor(HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative breast cancer. In this review, we summarise the efficacy and toxicity findings from the randomised clinical trials, with simplified guidelines on the management of potential adverse effects. Education of healthcare professionals and patients is critical for safety and compliance. While there is some clinical evidence of activity of mTOR inhibition in HR-positive and HER2-positive breast cancers, the benefits may be more pronounced in selected subsets rather than in the overall population. Further development of predictive biomarkers will be useful in the selection of patients who will benefit from inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR(PAM) pathway.

关键词： Breast cancer phosphoinositide 3 kinase(PI3K)/Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) everolimus

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Ecological Agriculture. Integrating Low Input, High Productive Farming with Wildlife Conservation. Results from the Experimental Farm La Combe, Drome France

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第12期4卷 744-763页

作者： Marthe kiley-Worthington Centre d’Eco-Etho Recherche et Education La Combe France

Wildlife conservation must be integrated with energy and resource efficient agriculture for the human population to survive. Modern high input energy and resource inefficient agriculture does not address these problems. An efficient food producing system which marries wildlife conservation with resource and energy efficient human food production is needed. This is Ecological Agriculture, modelled on how natural ecosystems work. It is defined as: The establishment and maintenance of a diversified, self-sustaining low input farming system managed to maximize net production without causing large or long term changes to the environment. It must be economically viable, and ethically and aesthetically acceptable [1]. Forty years of research on 4 experimental farms have assessed the practicality of this approach (results previously published). The 5th experimental farm in the mountains of the Pre Alps has completed its 10 years. The results are discussed in relation to the tenets of Ecological Agriculture. The techniques previously developed have allowed the results to fulfil the majority of the demands of efficient ecological agriculture and to produce food for 20 families from the farm’s resources despite the difficult climate, topography and soils. It is shown how energy and resource inefficient the omnivorous animals (poultry and pigs) are, compared to herbivores. The species diversity has increased and the whole farm is a nature reserve. Aesthetic and ethical problems have been addressed with an emphasis on a life of quality for farm animals.

关键词： Ecological Agriculture Animal Welfare Wildlife & Agriculture

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招潮蟹奏乐

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环球科学 2024年第9期 21-21页

作者：基莉·普赖斯仇艳菲(译) 不详

当雄性招潮蟹(Fiddler crab)试图吸引雌性时,它们会击打地面,敲.击出一连串的振动和脉冲波,这大体上就是它们的情歌。在一篇发表于《动物行为学》(Animal Behaviour)的论文中,研究人员发现这种螃蟹也能敲出战斗之歌,用不同的敲击声来威... 详细信息

当雄性招潮蟹(Fiddler crab)试图吸引雌性时,它们会击打地面,敲.击出一连串的振动和脉冲波,这大体上就是它们的情歌。在一篇发表于《动物行为学》(Animal Behaviour)的论文中,研究人员发现这种螃蟹也能敲出战斗之歌,用不同的敲击声来威慑敌人。

关键词：招潮蟹动物行为学脉冲波敲击声 Animal

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福特发展的新引擎

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财经文摘 2006年第2期 68-69页

作者： David kiley 李悦（编译）

当马克·菲尔德2005年9月担任美洲福特汽车公司总裁的时候，他向其合作伙伴传达了这样一个信息：“变革或者死亡!”其中有他的新老板——福特家族的继承者比尔·福特，他于2001年10月担任公司的CEO之职。目前正全力扭转公司日益不景气... 详细信息

当马克·菲尔德2005年9月担任美洲福特汽车公司总裁的时候，他向其合作伙伴传达了这样一个信息：“变革或者死亡!”其中有他的新老板——福特家族的继承者比尔·福特，他于2001年10月担任公司的CEO之职。目前正全力扭转公司日益不景气的前景。

关键词：福特汽车公司总裁合作伙伴福特家族 CEO 美洲

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美国企业为信誉而战

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新营销 2010年第1期 26-28页

作者： David kiley Burt Helm 《商业周刊》底特律分部《商业周刊》纽约总部

2009年夏天,由奥美广告公司为美国运通制作的一个商业广告片在美国播出,该广告片意在传达这样一种信息:不要将美国运通看做一个金融巨头,而是要将它看做一个谦逊对待客户的服务提供商,尤其是一个乐于服务消费者机构的商家.之前,美国运...

2009年夏天,由奥美广告公司为美国运通制作的一个商业广告片在美国播出,该广告片意在传达这样一种信息:不要将美国运通看做一个金融巨头,而是要将它看做一个谦逊对待客户的服务提供商,尤其是一个乐于服务消费者机构的商家.之前,美国运通的声誉受到次级抵押贷款的影响,现在,它希望通过此次广告行动重新获得客户的信赖.

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攫取群众的力量

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商业周刊（中文版） 2006年第1期 46-47页

作者：戴维·基利（David kiley）

派拉蒙电影公司计划在今年7月发行以hip-hop，音乐为主题的电影“Hustle＆Flow”，当它开始为此策划市场营销方案时，网络广告是必然的选择。毕竟，近一段时期以来，67％的电影院常客是从网上获取信息的。但让人感到犯难的是，该在哪里... 详细信息

派拉蒙电影公司计划在今年7月发行以hip-hop，音乐为主题的电影“Hustle＆Flow”，当它开始为此策划市场营销方案时，网络广告是必然的选择。毕竟，近一段时期以来，67％的电影院常客是从网上获取信息的。但让人感到犯难的是，该在哪里投放广告。诸如雅虎、MSN这样的高访问量网站个个要价不菲，而且它们的页面总是充斥着大量信息。此外，这部电影的目标观众是生活存城市里的13岁至24岁的青年人，而他们在MSN的访问量中所占的比例也许并不大。

关键词： hip-hop 力量群众电影公司市场营销方案网络广告获取信息 Flow 目标观众访问量

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