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Q-Learning Based Routing Protocol for Congestion Avoidance

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3671-3692页

作者： Daniel Godfrey beom-Su kim Haoran Miao Babar Shah Bashir Hayat Imran Khan Tae-Eung Sung ki-Il kim Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chungnam National UniversityKorea College of Technological Innovation Zayed UniversityAbu DhabiUAE Institute of Management Sciences PeshawarPakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawarPakistan Department of Computer and Telecommunications Engineering Yonsei UniversityKorea

The end-to-end delay in a wired network is strongly dependent on congestion on intermediate *** lots of feasible approaches to avoid congestion efficiently,congestion-aware routing protocols tend to search for an uncongested path toward the destination through rule-based approaches in reactive/incident-driven and distributed ***,these previous approaches have a problem accommodating the changing network environments in autonomous and self-adaptive operations *** overcome this drawback,we present a new congestion-aware routing protocol based on a Q-learning algorithm in software-defined networks where logically centralized network operation enables intelligent control and management of network *** a proposed routing protocol,either one of uncongested neighboring nodes are randomly selected as next hop to distribute traffic load to multiple paths or Q-learning algorithm is applied to decide the next hop by modeling the state,Q-value,and reward function to set the desired path toward the destination.A new reward function that consists of a buffer occupancy,link reliability and hop count is ***,look ahead algorithm is employed to update the Q-value with values within two hops *** approach leads to a decision of the optimal next hop by taking congestion status in two hops into account,***,the simulation results presented approximately 20%higher packet delivery ratio and 15%shorter end-to-end delay,compared to those with the existing scheme by avoiding congestion adaptively.

关键词： Congestion-aware routing reinforcement learning Q-learning Software defined networks

Construction of random sheared fosmid library from Chinese cabbage and its use for Brassica rapa genome sequencing project

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2011年第1期38卷 47-53页

作者： Tae-Ho Park beom-Seok Park Jin-A kim Joon ki Hong Mina Jin Young-Joo Seol Jeong-Hwan Mun Genomics and Functional Bio-Material Division National Academy of Agricultural ScienceRural Development Administration The Department of Horticultural Science Daegu University

As a part of the Multinational Genome Sequencing Project of Brassica rapa, linkage group R9 and R3 were sequenced using a bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） by BAC strategy. The current physical contigs are expected to cover approximately 90% euchromatins of both chromosomes. As the project progresses, BAC selection for sequence extension becomes more limited because BAC libraries are restriction enzyme-specific. To support the project, a random sheared fosmid library was constructed. The library consists of 97536 clones with average insert size of approximately 40 kb corresponding to seven genome equivalents, assuming a Chinese cabbage genome size of 550 Mb. The library was screened with primers designed at the end of sequences of nine points of scaffold gaps where BAC clones cannot be selected to extend the physical contigs. The selected positive clones were end-sequenced to check the overlap between the fosmid clones and the adjacent BAC clones. Nine fosmid clones were selected and fully sequenced. The sequences revealed two completed gap filling and seven sequence extensions, which can be used for further selection of BAC clones confirming that the fosmid library will facilitate the sequence completion of B. rapa.

关键词： Brassica rapa Chinese cabbage Fosmid library Genome sequencing Physical contig

Fluorescent nanoswitch for monitoring specific pluripotency-related microRNAs of induced pluripotent stem cells： Development of polyethyleneimine- oligonucleotide hybridization probes

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Nano Research 2017年第8期10卷 2545-2559页

作者： Seungmin Han Hye Young Son Byunghoon Kang Eunji jang Jisun ki Na Geum Lee Jongjin Park Moo-Kwang Shin Byeonggeol Mun Jeong-ki Min Seungjoo Haam Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering College of Engineering Yonsei University Seou1120-749 Republic of Korea Department of Radiology College of Medicine Yonsei University Seou1120-752 Republic of Korea Severance Biomedical Science Institute College of Medicine Yonsei University Seou1120-752 Republic of Korea Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea Department of Biomolecular Science University of Science & Technology Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea

The isolation of high-grade （i.e. high-pluripotency） human induced pluripotent stem cells （hiPSCs） is a decisive factor for enhancing the purity of hiPSC populations or differentiation efficiency. A non-invasive imaging system that can monitor microRNA （miRNA） expression provides a useful tool to identify and analyze specific cell populations. However, previous studies on the monitoring/isolation of hiPSCs by miRNA expression have limited hiPSCs＇ differentiation system owing to long-term incubation with miRNA imaging probe-nanocarriers. Therefore, we focused on monitoring high-grade hiPSCs without influencing the pluripotency of hiPSCs. We reduced nanoparticle transfection time, because hiPSCs are prone to spontaneous differentiation under external factors during incubation. The fluorescent nanoswitch （＂ON＂ with target miRNA）, which can be applied for either imaging or sorting specific cells by fluorescence signals, contains an miRNA imaging probe （miP） and a PEI-PEG nanoparticle （miP-P）. Consequently, this nanoswitch can sense various endogenous target miRNAs within 30 min in vitro, and demonstrates strong potential for not only imaging but also sorting pluripotent hiPSCs without affecting pluripotency. Moreover, miP-P-treated hiPSCs differentiate well into endothelial cells, indicating that miP-P does not alter the pluripotency of hiPSCs. We envisage that this miRNA imaging system could be valuable for identifying and sorting high-grade hiPSCs for improved practical applications.

关键词： induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) pluripotency microRNA (miRNA) fluorescence imaging nanoparticle

Unusual prerectal location of a tailgut cyst: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第31期12卷 5081-5083页

作者： Si-Hyong jang ki-Seok jang Young-Soo Song Kyueng-Whan Min Hong-Xiu Han Kyeong-Geun Lee Seung-Sam Paik Departments of Pathology and SurgeryCollege of Medicine Hanyang UniversitySeoulKorea

Tailgut cyst is a rare congenital cystic lesion arising from the remnants of the embryonic postanal gut. It occurs exclusively within the retrorectal space and rarely in the perirenal area or in the subcutaneous tissue. A prerectal and retrovesical location of tailgut cyst is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only three cases have been reported in the English literature. We experienced an unusual case of tailgut cyst developed in the prerectal and retrovesical space in a 14-year-old boy. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a prerectal cyst which was located at the anterolateral portion to the rectum. The cyst contained yellowish inspissated mucoid material. Microscopically, the cyst was lined by squamous, columnar, cuboidal and transitional epithelia and the wall was fibrotic with dispersed smooth muscle cells. Although tailgut cyst arising in prerectal area is extremely rare, its possibility should be considered in differential diagnosis of a prerectal and retrovesical cystic mass.

关键词： Tailgut cyst Prerectal mass Retrovesica mass Developmental cyst

Chloride Penetration Capacity in NPP Structures caused by Crack

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Chloride Penetration Capacity in NPP Structures caused by Cr...

Voxel-based statistical analysis of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2011 First International Conference on High Performance Structures and Materials Engineering (ICHPSM 2011)

作者： ki-beom kim Do-Gyeum kim jang-Hwa Lee Structural Engineering ＆ Bridges Research Division Korea Institute of Construction Technology

The speed of chloride penetration caused by cracking at the concrete surface is determined by the crack *** this study,the impact of the cracks that can occur on the concrete surface（occurring from the contraction during concrete curing） on the chloride penetration speed was revealed through *** accuracy of the established model was also verified through laboratory *** definition of the minimum crack width that affects the chloride penetration speed was established,based on testing and consideration of *** comparison of crack widths（20,85,125um） based on the chloride profile and model prediction showed that there is virtually no chloride penetration at 20 μm,while the chloride penetration speed increased sharply at crack widths of 85 μm and 125 μm.

关键词： Chloride penetration Concrete crack Chloride ion diffusion Chloride profile

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第36期6卷 2850-2855页

作者： Ji-Hoon kim Young-In Chung Jung Sub Lee In-Joo kim Yong-ki kim Seong-jang kim Division of Child-Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan-si Gyeongnam Republic of Korea Medical Research Institute Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan-si Gyeongnam Republic of Korea Department of Psychiatry Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan-si Gyeongnam Republic of Korea Department of Orthopedic Surgery Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan-si Gyeongnam Republic of Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine Pusan National University School of Medicine Yangsan-si Gyeongnam Republic of Korea

The technique of region of interest-based positron emission tomography is limited by its poor reli-ability and relatively few examined brain regions. In the present study, we compared brain metabo-lism assessed using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography between 14 at-tention-deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） patients and 15 normal controls with scoliosis at resting state by statistical parametric mapping. Glucose metabolism was decreased in the left parahippo-campal gyrus, left hippocampus, left anterior cingulate gyrus, right anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum, left superior temporal gyrus, left insula, left medial and middle frontal gyri, right medial frontal gyrus, and left basal ganglia （putamen, amygdala, and caudate nucleus） in children with ADHD. These data suggest that children with ADHD exhibit hypometabolism in various brain regions compared to controls, indicating that ADHD symptoms are unlikely the result of abnormalities in specific areas.

关键词： attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder positron emission tomography statistical parametric mapping

Effects of thickness of Al thermal spray coating for STS 304

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第4期19卷 925-929页

作者： Min-Su HAN Yong-Bin WOO Seok-Cheol KO Young-Jae JEONG Seok-ki jang Seong-Jong kiM Division of Marine Engineering Mokpo Maritime University Chungnam Regional Innovation Agency Jeonnam Techno Park

Thermal spray coating presents a sacrificial-anode cathodic protection method since differences between the potentials of materials are *** a base metal is exposed to seawater,due to defect in the thermal spray coating,the metal is protected by the sacrificial anodic characteristics of the coating layer because micro-cells formed by the base metal and the thermal spray coating act as cathodes and anodes,*** coating thickness has little effect on the surface morphology of the ***,the electrochemical properties with the increasing of coating thickness present good results.

关键词：涂层厚度热喷涂 STS 金属接触电化学性能保护方法牺牲阳极阳极涂层

Cancer stem cell markers CD133 and CD24 correlate with invasiveness and differentiation in colorectal adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第18期15卷 2258-2264页

作者： Dongho Choi Hyo Won Lee Kyung Yul Hur Jae Joon kim Gyeong-Sin Park Si-Hyong jang Young Soo Song ki-Seok jang Seung Sam Paik Department of Surgery College of MedicineSoonchunhyang University140-743 SeoulSouth Korea Department of Surgery Chi Hang Hospital140-741 SeoulSouth Korea Department of Pathology College of MedicineCatholic University137-040 SeoulSouth Korea Department of Pathology College of MedicineHanyang University133-790 SeoulSouth Korea

AIM:To verify that CD markers are available for detecting cancer stem cell populations and to evaluate their clinical significance in colon ***:Immunohistochemistry for CD133,CD24 and CD44 was performed on the tissue microarray of 523 colorectal *** records were reviewed and clinicopathological analysis was ***:In colorectal adenocarcinoma,128 of 523 cases(24.5%) were positive and 395 cases(75.5%) were negative for CD133 *** hundred and sixty-four of 523 cases(50.5%) were positive and 259 cases(49.5%) were negative for CD24 *** hundred and two of 523 cases(96%) were negative and 21 cases(4%) were positive for CD44 *** clinicopathological analysis,CD133 expression was present more in male patients(P = 0.002) and in advanced T stage cancer(P = 0.024).Correlation between CD24 expression and clinicopathological factors was seen in the degree of differentiation(P = 0.006).Correlation between CD44 expression and clinicopathological factors was seen in the tumor size(P = 0.001).Survival was not significantly related to CD133,CD24 and CD44 ***:CD markers were related to invasiveness and differentiation of colorectal ***,CD expression was not closely related to survival.

关键词： CD133 CD24 CD44 Colon cancer stemcells Colorectal adenocarcinoma

Optimization of rotor shape for constant torque improvement and radial magnetic force minimization

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第2期19卷 357-364页

作者： CHO Gyu-won WOO Seok-hyun JI Seung-hun PARK Kyoung-won jang ki-bong kiM Gyu-tak School of Mechatronics Changwon National University

The design of notch and barrier was optimized in order to improve the characteristics of constant torque while minimizing the cogging torque that occurs as a result of teeth and slot structure. The barrier was installed in order to minimize the cogging torque and torque ripple by finite element method (FEM) with a reduced barrier width toward the center of magnetic pole. The position and width of notch, which can offset cogging torque, can be calculated with energy distribution of air-gap using Fourier series. The optimized model demonstrates a 60% decrease in the cogging torque, a 75.3% decrease in the torque ripple and a 3% increase in the operating torque when compared with the basic model.

关键词： permanent magnet synchronous motor barrier notch radial magnetic force cogging torque