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Applicability of deep neural networks for lithofacies classification from conventional well logs: An integrated approach

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PETROLEUM RESEARCH 2024年第3期9卷 393-408页

作者： khan, saud qadir Kirmani, Farzain Ud Din Mari Petr Co Ltd Islamabad Pakistan NFC Inst Engn & Technol Dept Petr & Gas Engn Multan Pakistan

Parametric understanding for specifying formation characteristics can be perceived through conventional approaches. Significantly, attributes of reservoir lithology are practiced for hydrocarbon exploration. Well logging is conventional approach which is applicable to predict lithology efficiently as compared to geophysical modeling and petrophysical analysis due to cost effectiveness and suitable interpretation time. However, manual interpretation of lithology identification through well logging data requires domain expertise with an extended length of time for measurement. Therefore, in this study, Deep Neural Network (DNN) has been deployed to automate the lithology identification process from well logging data which would provide support by increasing time-effective for monitoring lithology. DNN model has been developed for predicting formation lithology leading to the optimization of the model through the thorough evaluation of the best parameters and hyperparameters including the number of neurons, number of layers, optimizer, learning rate, dropout values, and activation functions. Accuracy of the model is examined by utilizing different evaluation metrics through the division of the dataset into the subdomains of training, validation and testing. Additionally, an attempt is contributed to remove interception for formation lithology prediction while addressing the imbalanced nature of the associated dataset as well in the training process using class weight. It is assessed that accuracy is not a true and only reliable metric to evaluate the lithology classification model. The model with class weight recognizes all the classes but has low accuracy as well as a low F1-score while LSTM based model has high accuracy as well as a high F1-score. (c) 2024 The Authors. Publishing services provided by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communication Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (.

关键词： Lithology identification Deep learning LSTM Imbalanced dataset Conventional well logs MACHINE LEARNING-METHODS RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION FACIES CLASSIFICATION MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON FORMATION LITHOLOGY IDENTIFICATION PREDICTION

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Fentanyl and xylazine crisis:Crafting coherent strategies for opioid overdose prevention

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第6期14卷 760-766页

作者： Lakshit Jain Jasleen Kaur Shahana Ayub Danya Ansari Rizwan Ahmed Abdul qadir Dada Saeed Ahmed Department of Psychiatry University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCT 06032United States Addiction Services Division Connecticut Valley HospitalMiddletownCT 06457United States Department of Psychiatry Institute of LivingHartfordCT 06102United States Department of Medicine Islamabad Medical and Dental CollegeIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Medicine Liaquat College of Medicine and DentistryKarachi 75290Pakistan Department of Medicine Trinity School of MedicineRoswellGA 30075United States Addiction Services and Dual Diagnosis Unit Saint Francis Hospital and Medical CenterHartfordCT 06105United States

The United States is in the throes of a severe opioid overdose epidemic,primarily fueled by the pervasive use of fentanyl and the emerging threat of xylazine,a veterinary sedative often mixed with *** high potency and long duration of fentanyl is compounded by the added risks from xylazine,heightening the lethal danger faced by opioid *** such as enhanced surveillance,public awareness campaigns,and the distribution of fentanylxylazine test kits,and naloxone have been undertaken to mitigate this ***-related overdose deaths persist despite these efforts,partly due to inconsistent policies across states and resistance towards adopting harm reduction strategies.A multifaceted approach is imperative in effectively combating the opioid overdose *** approach should include expansion of treatment access,broadening the availability of medications for opioid use disorder,implementation of harm reduction strategies,and enaction of legislative reforms and diminishing stigma associated with opioid use disorder.

关键词： Fentanyl Xylazine Opioid overdose Epidemic Opioid use disorder Buprenorphine Medications for opioid use disorder

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美国援助对阿富汗的影响（2001-2021）

美国援助对阿富汗的影响（2001-2021）

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作者： Salimi Abdul qadir 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

本文探讨了美国在"反恐战争"的推动下,于9.11事件后对阿富汗长达二十年(2001-2021年)的援助所产生的广泛影响。美国的主要目标是打击恐怖主义,瓦解塔利班政权,并建立一个由美国跨部门援助支持的阿富汗新政府。值得注意的是,美军、北约... 详细信息

本文探讨了美国在"反恐战争"的推动下,于9.11事件后对阿富汗长达二十年(2001-2021年)的援助所产生的广泛影响。美国的主要目标是打击恐怖主义,瓦解塔利班政权,并建立一个由美国跨部门援助支持的阿富汗新政府。值得注意的是,美军、北约盟国和阿富汗安全部队之间的合作成功瓦解了塔利班政权,削弱了如基地组织等组织,使安全管理权逐步移交至阿富汗政府。除安全领域外,美国的援助还通过基础设施建设为阿富汗的经济复苏做出了重大贡献,重点是道路和桥梁的建设,以连接偏远地区,促进贸易,刺激经济增长。对农业和农村发展的投资则进一步提高了阿富汗生产率,创造了就业机会。教育成为了一个关键的优先事项,美国对建立和恢复各类学校和大学的支持增加了阿富汗人民获得优质教育的机会。向阿富汗学生提供奖学金意在使之具备为国家全面发展作出贡献的基本技能。总之,美国的援助在改善阿富汗的安全状况、促进经济增长和发展教育方面发挥了至关重要的作用。这篇论文批判性地研究了美国在阿富汗二十年的援助所产生的错综复杂的影响,包括从促进民主价值观的传播到在人权、言论自由和妇女赋权等领域赋予公民权力的各种目标。尽管做出了大量努力,并投入了6万亿美元的巨额资金,但由于复杂的社会政治局面、持续的安全威胁和普遍的政府腐败,美国设想中的重建目标仍面临着巨大的挑战。美国的首要目标是建立一个由阿富汗人领导的自给自足的民主政府。然而,由于政策的变化,特别是在与塔利班政府谈判和2021年美方突然撤军后,这一宏伟目标遭遇了不确定性。虽然美国的援助在强化安全、促进经济增长、推动教育发展和赋予公民权利几方面取得了重大进展,但这种影响并未转化为对阿富汗重建和金融稳定的持久影响。阿富汗政府的垮台引发了对美国在该地区援助的效力和长期结果的质疑。本文以现代化理论为框架,为分析阿富汗社会政治转型提供了视角。定性研究,结合归纳、分析和比较的方法,提供了对塑造阿富汗走向和平、稳定和重建之旅的多方面动态的细致理解。本研究综合运用一手和二手资料,包括文献,文章和个人观察,对包含美国介入阿富汗事务所固有的复杂性和挑战的现有知识体系做出了重要贡献。本文第二章深入探讨了美阿复杂的关系史,强调了阿富汗作为中东、南亚和中亚交汇处战略十字路口的历史意义。本章涵盖美阿早期的互动,强调了双方的外交接触和文化交流,这些都使得美国和阿富汗之间彼此尊重。冷战,特别是苏联-阿富汗战争(1979-1989年)时期,是阿富汗成为全球权力斗争战场的关键时期。在共产主义和资本主义意识形态冲突的推动下,双方早期的互动为冷战期间美国加强对阿外交和经济交往奠定了基础。1950年美阿《互助条约》巩固了双方军事合作,并且在苏阿战争期间,美国向阿富汗抵抗武装提供了大量支持以对抗苏联的影响。这种援助的后果是造成了后苏联时代阿富汗复杂的地缘政治格局。由于阿富汗的战略位置、经济潜力和与美国的历史联系,本章强调了其持续的地缘政治重要性。这一历史背景对于理解后续章节至关重要,后续章节探讨了2001年至2021年美国在阿富汗的援助,并为评估美国在该地区二十年的投入所产生的影响提供了一个综合框架。论文第三章对2002年至2020年美国国际开发署在阿富汗的援助工作进行了全面概述。本章详细介绍了美国通过开发署项目支持阿富汗的战略目标和行动。主要重点是阐明美国政府促进阿富汗增长和稳定的全面规划、实施战略和总体目标。通过对目标的细致探讨,读者可以深入知悉美国政府通过美国国际开发署(USAID)为满足阿富汗的迫切需求,同时推进安全和可持续发展目标所采用的方法。本章旨在让读者全面了解美国在阿富汗援助行动的复杂性,包括在实施过程中遇到的挑战以及为克服这些挑战而部署的战略。最终,读者将对推动美国援助阿富汗行动的核心目标有更深刻的认识。第四章考察了美国援助阿富汗的多方面影响。自21世纪初以来,美阿之间关系的特点是美国提供外援,以支持阿富汗的重建、发展和稳定工作。然而,美国的援助对阿富汗的影响是复杂而多方面的。通过分派援助,美国影响了阿富汗的外交决策,特别是在反恐和维护地区稳定方面,往往使其决策更符合美国的利益。这种态势不仅塑造了阿富汗与邻国的关系,也影响了阿富汗的全球地位。此外,阿富汗已成为美国全球反恐行动的重要合作伙伴,后者的援助促进了双方在安全和情报事务方面的合作。本章探讨了美国援助对阿富汗的影响,考察了这种援助对于阿富汗外交政策、内政、治理、经济发展和反恐合作的影响。本研究以第五章即最后一章结束,该章介绍了作者对整个调查过程中发现的结果的反思和作者自身的看法。

关键词：美国对外援助发展援助阿富汗多维影响

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National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1018-1042页

作者： Faisal saud Dar Zaigham Abbas Irfan Ahmed Muhammad Atique Usman Iqbal Aujla Muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Amna Subhan Butt Osama Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider Syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz khan Muhammad Shoaib khan Muhammad Yasir khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran Rashid Sohail Rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Ammara Naveed Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Dr.Ziauddin University HospitalKarachi 75600SindhPakistan University of Aberdeen Aberdeen B243FXUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Radiology Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Oncology Hameed Latif HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Division of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Shifa International HospitalIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Post Graduate Medical InstituteLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Liver Transplant Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Medicine&Gastroenterology Lifecare Hospital and Research CentrePeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver Transplant Bahria International HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Surgery Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver TransplantDow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionPir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Oncology Dr.Ziauddin HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Radiology Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25000Pakistan Army Liver Transplant Unit Pak Emirates Military HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 75500Pakistan Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer Clinic Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer ClinicRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroentero

A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the *** Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this *** effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these *** coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective *** diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance *** cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for ***,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before *** ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for *** only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette *** patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver *** chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of *** use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary *** with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary *** chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth-Corlette classification Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre Staging Preoperative biliary drainage Portal vein embolisation Surgical resection Hepatectomy

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Dependence of effective screening length in granular columns on bead and silo sizes and their ratio

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第5期22卷 591-594页

作者： Abdul qadir Madad Ali Shah Saeed Ahmed khan Department of Electrical Engineering Sukkur Institute of Business Administration

Apparent mass measurements at the bottom of silos have been carried out. An important parameter in the Janssen model known as the effective screening length has been investigated for different bead and silo diameters as well as of their ratios. It is found that the effective screening length augments with the grain diameter d in addition to the granular column size. It is also revealed that λ exhibits stronger correlation with the bead diameter than that of the silo. This phenomenon is attributed to the reduced-shielding of the vertical stresses to the horizontal ones.

关键词： granular systems granular solids static sand piles granular compaction

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The Effect of Flavonoids on Fiber Development

The Effect of Flavonoids on Fiber Development

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作者： ANAM qadir khan 华中农业大学

学位级别：硕士

In flavonoid metabolic pathway, interplay of Flavonoid-3-hydroxylase（F3H） and Flavonoid-3’-hydroxylase （F3’H） might elucidate total NAR content, because these two genes share the common *** implement the idea,2 DP A ovules of YZ1 were cultured with five different kinds of flavonoids and two flavonoids Naringenin, Dihydrokaempferol significantly retarded fiber growth development as expected. However, a highly significant effect was noticed in ERI treated ovules in comparison with the *** further verify significant effect of ERI on fiber development the effect of ERI was compared with control （no ERI） at three different time point integrations. The results clearly depicted an obvious phenotypic change in fiber length and quality in ERI treated ovules as compared to ***, it can be suggested that ERI is positively associated with fiber development and that the metabolism regulated by F3’H might be important in fiber development. In order to further comprehend the relationship between F3H and F3’Hgenes, cotton F3’H genes were further examined in petal and 5DPA fiber tissues of F3H silence and overexpression lines by using semi quantitative *** results clearly indicated that transcripts of three GrF3’H candidate genes GrF3’H-3, GrF3’H-4 and GrF3’H-8 were up regulated in petals of F3H RNAi lines while in 5DPA fiber the transcription level was not detected. However, these genes were down regulated in petals F3H overexpression *** time PCR was performed and expression pattern of F3’H genes in different YZ1 *** results demonstrated the transcript levels of GhF3’H3 were high in fiber development stages, indicate thatGrF3’H3 could be significantly involved in regulating fiber development in cotton and might have a determining role to play in fiber length and quality parameters. Moreover, development of GhF3’HI and GrF3’H8 transgenic lines will further validate results and provide further insights into flavonoid metabolic pat

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Applications of beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae in rhizosphere and plant growth:A review

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第5期13卷 199-208页

作者： Ashiq khan Zitong Ding Muhammad Ishaq Israr khan Anum Ali Ahmed Abdul qadir khan Xusheng Guo Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Microbiology Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering&Management Sciences Quetta 87300Pakistan Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Center Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Life Sciences Institute of Microbiology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Because of climate change and the highly growing world population,it becomes a huge challenge to feed the whole *** overcome this challenge and increase the crop yield,a large number of fertilizers are applied but these have many side *** of these,scientists have discovered beneficial rhizobacteria,which are environmentally friendly and may increase crop yield and plant *** microbial population of the rhizosphere shows a pivotal role in plant development by inducing its *** depends upon the valuable interactions among the roots and microbes for the growth,nutrients availability,growth promotion,disease suppression and other important roles for *** numerous secrets of microbes in the rhizosphere have been revealed due to huge development in molecular and microscopic *** review illustrated and discussed the current knowledge on the development,maintenance,interactions of rhizobacterial populations and various proposed mechanisms normally used by PGPR in the rhizosphere that encouraging the plant growth and alleviating the stress *** addition,this research reviewed the role of single and combination of PGPR,mycorrhizal fungi in plant development and modulation of the stress as well as factors affecting the microbiome in the rhizosphere.

关键词： rhizosphere plant growth promoting rhizobacteria mycorrhizae nitrogen fixing bacteria phosphate solubilizing bacteria

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Optimizing Fully Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Network for Segmentation of Diabetic Eye Disease

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 2481-2504页

作者： Abdul qadir khan Guangmin Sun Yu Li Anas Bilal Malik Abdul Manan Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China College of Information Science Technology Hainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

In the emerging field of image segmentation,Fully Convolutional Networks(FCNs)have recently become ***,their effectiveness is intimately linked with the correct selection and fine-tuning of hyperparameters,which can often be a cumbersome manual *** main aim of this study is to propose a more efficient,less labour-intensive approach to hyperparameter optimization in FCNs for segmenting fundus *** this end,our research introduces a hyperparameter-optimized Fully Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Network(FCEDN).The optimization is handled by a novel Genetic Grey Wolf Optimization(G-GWO)*** algorithm employs the Genetic Algorithm(GA)to generate a diverse set of initial *** leverages Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)to fine-tune these positions within the discrete search *** on the Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset(IDRiD),Diabetic Retinopathy,Hypertension,Age-related macular degeneration and Glacuoma ImageS(DR-HAGIS),and Ocular Disease Intelligent Recognition(ODIR)datasets showed that the G-GWO method outperformed four other variants of GWO,GA,and PSO-based hyperparameter optimization *** proposed model achieved impressive segmentation results,with accuracy rates of 98.5%for IDRiD,98.7%for DR-HAGIS,and 98.4%,98.8%,and 98.5%for different sub-datasets within *** results suggest that the proposed hyperparameter-optimized FCEDN model,driven by the G-GWO algorithm,is more efficient than recent deep-learning models for image segmentation *** thereby presents the potential for increased automation and accuracy in the segmentation of fundus images,mitigating the need for extensive manual hyperparameter adjustments.

关键词： Diabetic eye disease image segmentation deep learning artificial intelligence grey wolf optimization FCN CNN

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Repression of microRNA 160 results in retarded seed integument growth and smaller final seed size in cotton

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The Crop Journal 2020年第4期8卷 602-612页

作者： Nian Liu Shuchang Wu Zhonghua Li Anam qadir khan Haiyan Hu Xianlong Zhang Lili Tu National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430062HubeiChina

microRNA 160(miR160),targeting auxin response factors(ARFs),plays many roles in plant *** investigated the role of the mi R160/ARF axis in regulation of cotton seed *** mi R160 activity,specifically in the seed coat,led to smaller seeds and less fiber production owing to attenuated growth of the maternal *** electron microscopy and histology showed that expansion of cells in the integument was retarded in mi R160-suppressed *** Gh ARF genes were targeted by mi R160 and were upregulated in mi R160-suppressed lines,indicating that a mi R160/ARF axis is present in *** genes(Ghir_A05 G003740,Scaffold1878 G000010,Ghir_D09 G024980,Ghir_A11 G010730,and Ghir_A05 G041590),associated with reduced seed development were downregulated in mi R160-suppressed *** results suggest that the mi R160/ARF axis controls maternal integument growth to influence seed size by directly or indirectly regulating seed development-associated genes.

关键词： size cotton maternal

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Antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting activities of bacterial endophytes isolated from Calotropis procera(Ait.)***

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BIOCELL 2021年第2期45卷 363-369页

作者： MUHAMMAD HAMAYUN NASIR khan MUHAMMAD NAUMAN khan MUHAMMAD qadir ANWAR HUSSAIN AMJAD IQBAL SUMERA AFZAL khan KHUSHNOOD UR REHMAN IN-JUNG LEE Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab Department of BotanyAbdul Wali Khan University MardanKPPakistan Department of Botany Bacha Khan University CharsaddaCharsadda24420Pakistan Department of Food Science and Technology Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan23200Pakistan Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of PeshawarPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Botany Islamia College UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Applied Biosciences Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Korea

Bacterial endophytes are beneficial to their hosts as they can fix nitrogen in the soil and make it available to the *** bacteria also secrete plant growth-promoting hormones to support their host plants under normal as well as stress *** current study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from different parts of Calotropis procera,i.e.,roots,stem and leaves of Calotropis procera(Ait.)*** were collected from the Lundkhwar,district Mardan.A total of 12 bacterial strains,i.e.,six from roots,three from the stem and three from the leaves were *** strains were screened for their growth-promoting activity in rice plants because rice shows a quick and easy response to the bioactive compounds present in the culture filtrate(CF)of the potent endophytic *** rice plants were cultivated in pots containing 30 mL of 0.8%w/v water-agar *** pots were placed in a growth chamber,operated at 28±0.3℃ for 14 h(day);and 25±0.3℃ for 10 h(night),at 70%*** the isolated strains,R1,S1,S3,L1,R5 and R6 showed visible growth promotion in rice *** biochemical analysis revealed that the strains were able to produce indole acetic acid(IAA)and flavonoids in higher ***,the strains also produced bioactive compounds that inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus using the well diffusion *** the results,it was concluded that these strains can secrete potent compounds that can promote the host plant growth and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and,therefore,can be used as bio-fertilizer and bio-control agents.

关键词： Endophytic bacteria Growth promotion Antimicrobial activity Plant-microbe interaction

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