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Visible light communication for intelligent transportation systems:A review of the latest technologies

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第4期8卷 483-492页

作者： Khaled Shaaban Md Hosne Mobarok Shamim khadija abdur-rouf Department of Engineering Utah Valley UniversityOremUT 84058United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McGill UniversityMontréalQC H3A 0E9Canada Department of Civil&Architectural Engineering Qatar UniversityDohaQatar

In seeking to improve traffic congestion and safety on roads and highways,there has been an increased interest in intelligent transportation systems(ITS).The emerging visible light communication(VLC)technology is a new candidate to enable wireless access in *** purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive review of the current studies related to *** VLC facilitates illumination and data communication simultaneously,it reduces energy consumption ***,VLC is immune to electromagnetic interference,provides high data security,and utilizes unregulated visible light spectrum,showing promise as a potentially cheaper alternative to existing radio frequency(RF)based ***,recent advances in semiconductor materials and solid-state technologies have enabled the development of efficient light-emitting diodes(LEDs)and laser diodes(LDs)which are used as transmitters in a VLC *** 10 s of Gbits/s data rate has been demonstrated in indoor VLC links,successful implementation of it in outdoor environments requires further research to overcome the challenges presented by environmental factors,unwanted lights,non-line of sight communication,directional radiation pattern,frequent fragmentation,and so ***,in recent years,semiconductor LDs have been garnering more attention since they can transmit more data over longer distances due to their high quantum efficiency and modulation bandwidth compared to *** a result,urban planners,policy-makers,transportation engineers,and vehicle manufacturers are considering LD-based VLC to facilitate vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure ***,this paper reviews and compares the most recent developments in VLC technologies,identifies their benefits and potential use in ITS applications,discusses the probable barriers for their implementation in our existing transportation infrastructure,and suggests future research directions and recommendations to overcome

关键词： Vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication Vehicle-to-infrastructure(V2I) communication Light-emitting diodes Laser diodes Internet of things Transportation network

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Depth distribution and ecological preferences of periphytic algae in Kenyir Lake,the largest tropical reservoir of Malaysia

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2010年第4期28卷 856-867页

作者： rouf A.J.M.abdur PHANG Siew-Moi AMBAK M.Azmi Institute of Oceanography Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Institute Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Malaya Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

We studied the depth distribution of periphyton,growing on inundated dead trees in Kenyir Lake,Malaysia in June *** algal floral composition and structure manifested changes down the depth gradient in terms of species richness,abundance,diversity and cell *** regression analysis,all these algal attributes were negatively correlated with the depth gradients at P<*** terms of species richness,the bacillariophytes showed dominance over the cyanophytes and chlorophytes;whereas with respect to standing crop,the cyanophytes showed dominance over the bacillariophytes and *** chlorophyll a was higher at the mid and bottom-depths than the surface-depth in both the downstream and upstream sites,which showed that vertical productivity or biomass accumulation was greater in low light *** product-moment correlation analysis showed that conductivity,turbidity,dissolved oxygen,reactive phosphate and ammonium-nitrogen were highly correlated with the algal assemblage ***,photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) showed poor correlation with the community *** observations have cast some light on the autoecological characteristics,habitat preferences and environmental responses of tropical periphytic communities.

关键词： depth periphytic algae tropical large reservoir Kenyir Lake community structure biomass

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Investigation of Different Washing Effects on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cotton Knitted Garments

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Journal of Textile Science and Technology 2015年第3期1卷 101-109页

作者： Solaiman abdur rouf Shamsuzzaman Rasel Elias Khalil Department of Textile Engineering World University of Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Fashion Design and Technology Shanto-Mariam University of Creative Technology Dhaka Bangladesh

This paper deals with three types of washing (enzyme, softener, Silicone) effects on 100% cotton Single Jersey T-shirt, Slub Single Jersey T-shirt, Double Lacoste (5% Lycra) Polo shirt, Single jersey CVC (T-shirt) and PC single Jersey (T-shirt). Typical industrial washing procedures and techniques were followed and then physico-mechanical properties were analyzed under standard condition. It is observed that after washing, weight of each garments has increased from 5% to 36%;stitch length of the constituted fabric has decreased from 1% to 10% approximately;CPI has increased 23% for CVC fabric only for enzyme treatment and for other process it has a little bit or no wash effects. Same effects found for WPI except 100% cotton and Double Lacoste. Shrinkage property both for lengthwise and widthwise remains the same except CVC and Double Lacoste knitted garments and spirality has almost unchanged except 100% cotton and slub fabric. Both the dry and wet rubbing properties have improved after any types of wash except 100% cotton on Silicone wash. Water absorbency property has increased;pH of all the samples is under controlled and lies between 4.5 and 5.0. But there is no significant change of colorfastness to wash and stain after these washing treatments.

关键词： Washing Effects Knitted Garments Physical and Mechanical Properties pH Color Fastness

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