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高镍铜镍矿床的特征、形成机制与勘查展望

岩石学报 2018年第8期34卷 2410-2424页

作者：毛亚晶秦克章唐冬梅中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京100029 中国科学院地球科学研究院北京100029 中国科学院大学北京100049

岩浆铜镍矿床100%硫化物中的Ni含量与赋矿岩石和成矿过程紧密相关,记录岩浆成分、分异程度与硫化物演化过程。硫化物异常高镍(高镍硫化物)往往被认为与科马提质岩浆或者后期热液作用密切相关。近年研究结合勘查证实,赋含高镍硫化物的矿... 详细信息

岩浆铜镍矿床100%硫化物中的Ni含量与赋矿岩石和成矿过程紧密相关,记录岩浆成分、分异程度与硫化物演化过程。硫化物异常高镍(高镍硫化物)往往被认为与科马提质岩浆或者后期热液作用密切相关。近年研究结合勘查证实,赋含高镍硫化物的矿床(高镍铜镍矿床)不仅限于科马提岩,还与苦橄质、玄武质岩浆有关,另外,热液富集作用并不是必要因素。本文总结了世界上高镍铜镍矿床的基本特征和形成机制,分析提出了不同机制的判别标志,并展望了其勘查前景。详细对比高镍铜镍矿床的产出环境、赋矿岩相、矿石特征、矿物组合等特征,该类矿床往往产于大陆裂谷和造山带环境,与基性程度较高的岩浆有关,以橄榄岩赋矿为主,含镍硫化物组合主要为镍黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿-黄铜矿组合,少数为针镍矿-镍黄铁矿-黄铁矿组合。科马提岩相关矿床可将Ni含量大于16%的硫化物定义为高镍硫化物,苦橄质-玄武质岩浆相关矿床的硫化物可分为高镍硫化物(Ni>10%)、中镍硫化物(5%～10%)和富铜硫化物(NiNi)。原生高镍硫化物可由富镍岩浆熔离、硫化物从橄榄石中吸取Ni、硫化物结晶分异、硫化物与硫不饱和岩浆反应等机制形成。苦橄质-玄武质岩浆相关的矿床,硫化物与橄榄石的Fe-Ni交换反应是高镍硫化物形成的重要机制。辉石岩源区地幔部分熔融形成富镍岩浆是否为高镍硫化物形成的必要条件尚存争议。不同机制形成的高镍硫化物具有迥异的岩石-矿物组合和地化特征。硫化物矿物组合、橄榄石成分(Fo值、Ni含量、Fo值-Ni含量的相关性)、伴生元素(铜、铂族元素)丰度-配分模式等特征可作为区分不同高镍硫化物形成机制的有效指标。我国新疆黄山南、坡一和青海夏日哈木矿床(部分浸染状矿化橄榄岩)以赋含高镍硫化物为特征,新疆喀拉通克矿床的硫化物则以富铜为特征,中国其余矿床的硫化物均属中镍硫化物。目前研究指示中国的高镍铜镍矿床与母岩浆相对富镍、硫化物与橄榄石Fe-Ni交换作用密切相关,后者可使硫化物Ni含量提升3%～5%。在铜镍矿床勘查方面,稀疏-中等浸染状高镍硫化物矿石即可达到工业品位,稠密浸染状-块状高镍硫化物矿石可达到很高的Ni品位(10%),是高品位镍矿勘查的一个重要方向。造山带环境富水、相对高氧逸度(可高达QFM+1)的岩浆可能是形成高镍硫化物的有利条件,该环境橄榄石Fo值较高(>87mol%)的岩体有利于形成高镍硫化物。

关键词：岩浆铜镍矿床高镍硫化物黄山南坡一夏日哈木造山带铜镍矿勘查

Mineralogy and Mineral Chemistry of the Cretaceous Duolong Gold-Rich Porphyry Copper Deposit in the Bangongco Arc,Northern Tibet

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Mineralogy and Mineral Chemistry of the Cretaceous Duolong G...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2012年度（第12届）学术年会

作者： Jinxiang LI Guangming LI kezhang qin Bo XIAO Lei CHEN Junxing ZHAO Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The Early Cretaceous Duolong gold-rich porphyry copper deposit is a newly discovered deposit with proven 5.38 Mt Cu resources of 0.72% Cu and 411 gold of 0.23 g t in northern *** porphyry and quartz diorite porphyrite are the main ore-bearing porphyries.A wide range of hydrothermal alteration associated with these porphyries is divided into potassic,argillic and propylitic zones from the ore-bearing porphyry center outward and *** the hydrothermal alteration zones,secondary albite(91.5-99.7% Ab) occurs along the rim of plagioclase phenocryst and *** K-feldspar(75.1-96.9% Or) replaces plagioclase phenocryst and matrix or occurs in *** occurs mainly as matrix and veinlet in addition to phenocryst in the potassic *** biotite are Mg-rich and formed under a highly oxidized condition at temperatures ranging from 400℃ to 430℃ .All the biotites are absent in F,and have high Cl content(0.19-0.26% ),with log(X/X) values of -2.74 to -2.88 and IV(Cl) values of—3.48 to—3.35,suggesting a significant role of chloride complexes (CuCl and AuCl) in transporting and precipitating copper and *** are present in all alteration zones and correspond mainly to *** have similar Fe/(Fe+Mg),Mn/(Mn+Mg) ratios,and a formation temperature range of 280-360℃ .However,the formation temperature of chlorite in the quartzgypsurn -carbonate-chlorite vein is between 190℃ and 220℃ ,indicating that it may have resulted from a later stage of hydrothermal ***/Fe ratios of chlorites have negative correlation with AP,suggesting oxygen fugacity of fluids increases with decreasing *** mineral inclusions in the biotite phenocrysts show high SO content(0.44-0.82% ) and high Cl content(1-1.37% ),indicating the host magma had a high oxidation state and was enriched in S and *** highest Cl content of apatite in the propylitic zone may have resulted from pressure decrease,and the lowest Cl content of apatite in t

关键词： Bangongco arc Duolong gold-rich porphyry copper deposit mineral chemistry mineralogy

Major and Trace Element Characteristics of Apatites in Granitoids from Central Kazakhstan:Implications for Petrogenesis and Mineralization

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Major and Trace Element Characteristics of Apatites in Grani...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2012年度（第12届）学术年会

作者： Mingjian CAO Guangming LI kezhang qin Eleonora Yusupovha SEITMURATOVA Yongsheng LIU Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper presents abundances of major and trace elements of apatites in granitic rocks associated with different types of ore deposits in Central Kazakhstan on the basis of electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass *** results demonstrate that the concentrations and ratios of elements in apatites from different granitoid rocks show distinct features,and are sensitive to magma evolution,petrogenetic and metallogenetic *** in the rocks associated with Mo-W deposits have high content of F and MnO,low content of Cl,which may be indicative of sedimentary sources,while apatites from a Pb-Zn deposit show relatively high content of Cl and low F content,which possibly suggest a high water content In these apatites,Sr contents decrease,while Mn and Y contents increase with magma *** relationship reflects that these elements in apatites are related with the degree of magmatic *** types of REE patterns in apatites are *** 1 character of highest(La/Yb) in apatites of Aktogai porphyry Cu-Mo deposit,Sayak-I skarn Cu deposit and Akzhal skarn Pb-Zn depposit is likely produced by the crystallization of heavy REE-enriched *** 2 character of upward-convex light REE in apatite of Aktogai porphyries likely results from La-enriched mineral *** 3 feature of Nd depletion in apatites of East Kounrad and Zhanet deposits both from Mo-W deposits primarily inherits the character of *** 4 apatites of Aktogai deposit and Akshatau W-Mo deposit with wide range of REE contents may suggest that apatites crystallize under a wide temperature *** types of apatite with distinct redox states are identified based on Eu *** Aktogai apatite with slight negative Eu anomaly displays the most oxidized state of the magma,and the apatites of other samples at Aktogai,East Kounrad and Akzhal with moderate negative Eu anomaly show moderate oxidizing conditio

关键词： apatite Central Kazakhstan granitoid magmatic differentiation metallogenetic processes redox states

Abiogenic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of methane at the Baogutu reduced porphyry copper deposit,western Junggar,NW-China

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Abiogenic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of methane at the Baogut...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2014年度（第14届）学术年会

作者： MingJian Cao kezhang qin GuangMing Li Noreen J.Evans LuYing Jin Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences John de Laeter Center for Isotope Research Dept. Applied GeologyCurtin University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Methane is widely developed in hydrothermal fluids from reduced porphyry copper deposits,but its origin remains *** occurrence of methane in fluid inclusions at the Late Carboniferous Baogutu reduced porphyry copper deposit in western Junggar,Xinjiang,NW-China,presents an excellent opportunity to address this problem.A systematic study including fluid inclusion Laser-Raman and CO-CH carbon isotope analyses,igneous and hydrothermal mineral H-O isotope analyses,and in situ major,trace element and Sr isotopic analyses of hydrothermal epidote was conducted to constrain the origin of CH and CH-rich *** δH and δO of water in equilibrium with igneous biotite ranges from-65.0‰to-66.0‰ and +7.2‰ to +7.4‰,respectively,indicating notable degassing of probably supercritical fluids in the magma *** wide range of δH(-58.0‰ to-107.0‰,n=23) for water within quartz suggests the existence of significant hydrothermal fluid ***-rock interaction is the most likely mechanism leading to the wide range of δO values for water in vein quartz with water/rock ratios(wt.%in O) of 0.15 to 0.75 and 0.13 to 0.46 for a closed and open system,*** Laser-Raman analyses indicate CO in apatite included in granodiorite porphyry phenocrystic biotite that records the carbon species of the early stage magmatic stage,whereas later hydrothermal fluids containing CH with trace or without CO are found in inclusions of vein *** propose that CH is probably transformed from CO by Fischer-Tropsch type reactions at 500℃,assumed from CO-CH C isotope ***(Sr/Sr)i of hydrothermal epidote yields values of0.70369-0.70404,consistent with that reported for the whole *** δC(-28.6‰ to-22.6‰) and δH(-108.0‰to-59.5‰) are characteristic of abiogenic *** measured δC shows a slightly depleted C(-13.5‰ to-7.2‰)relative to upper mantle(-6‰),probably due to the combined effects of minor(less than 0.5%) sedimentary organic matter contamination in the

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富钴斑岩型金铜矿床地质特征及存在问题:以黑龙江金厂矿床为例

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科学通报 2022年第31期67卷 3708-3723页

作者：曹明坚单鹏飞秦克章中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室北京100029 中国科学院地球科学研究院北京100029 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049

钴是我国战略性关键金属,对外依存度达95%.我国众多斑岩-矽卡岩型系统中伴生钴,且是我国钴资源的一个重要来源.目前认为,斑岩-矽卡岩型系统成矿物质和成矿流体均主要来自深部岩浆房,指示斑岩型矿床可能同样存在富钴的潜力.然而,目前国... 详细信息

钴是我国战略性关键金属,对外依存度达95%.我国众多斑岩-矽卡岩型系统中伴生钴,且是我国钴资源的一个重要来源.目前认为,斑岩-矽卡岩型系统成矿物质和成矿流体均主要来自深部岩浆房,指示斑岩型矿床可能同样存在富钴的潜力.然而,目前国内外尚无典型斑岩型富钴矿床的明确报道,严重制约了我们对岩浆热液型富钴矿床,尤其是斑岩型矿床中的钴富集机理研究.黑龙江金厂大型金铜矿床,矿石类型分为角砾岩型、裂控型和细脉浸染型,为斑岩型金铜矿床.多种年代学方法揭示,金铜矿化发生于早白垩世,形成于(古)太平洋板块俯冲背景.初步研究发现,金厂矿床角砾岩筒中存在明显的钴富集,大量矿石样品中钴含量达到了0.06%以上,达到并超过了钴矿工业品位,发育钴的独立矿物(如硫镍钴矿和辉砷钴矿),同时黄铁矿也含有较高的钴含量(0.04%~0.2%),因而金厂是典型富钴斑岩型金铜矿床,证实俯冲期斑岩型矿床中存在钴矿化和富集的潜力.后续研究应尽快厘清金厂斑岩型富钴矿床中钴的赋存状态和分布特征,明确幔源岩浆对矿床中金铜钴等金属元素的富集具有贡献,揭示钴在中高温岩浆热液流体中的迁移行为,探讨钴沉淀的主控因素.据此提出,应重视我国斑岩型矿床中钴的富集程度,其中斑岩型金铜矿床是最有可能形成钴富集和矿化的斑岩型矿床.

关键词：热液型富钴矿床斑岩型矿床关键金属金厂金铜矿硫镍钴矿

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Scheelite elemental and isotopic signatures:Implications for the genesis of skarn-type W-Mo deposits in the Chizhou Area,Anhui Province,Eastern China

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Scheelite elemental and isotopic signatures:Implications for...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2014年度（第14届）学术年会

作者： GUOXUE SONG kezhang qin GUANGMING LI NOREEN J.EVANS LEI CHEN Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences John de Laeter Centre for Isotope Research Applied GeologyCurtin University Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Scheelite is well developed in hydrothermal deposits,providing a window into genetic processes and facilitating comparative studies,however,few studies have focused on characterizing scheelite in skarn-type W-Mo *** primary ore mineral in the Jitoushan and Baizhangyan skam-type W-Mo deposits(Anhui Province,Eastern China),scheelite was analyzed for major,trace,and rare earth element(REE) abundance and for Sr-Nd *** analysis revealed two unique geochemieal characteristics that distinguish the scheelite from skarn-type W-Mo deposits to that from vein-type Au-W and porphyry-type W-Mo deposits:higher Mo content with a negative coixelation between MoO and WO and a strong HREE ***-type scheelite mainly inherited REE signatures from ore-forming fluids,and the early precipitation of skam minerals(e.g.,garnet,diopside,and amphibole) has most likely resulted in the observed strong HREE depletion in scheelite and the decoupling of LREEs and *** the numerous substitution mechanisms suggested by previous workers,3Ca = 2REE +- □Ca(where □Ca is a Ca-site vacancy) is preferred for the substitution of RHH for Ca and in this study,particularly given the low salinity of ore *** the scheelite Eu anomalies were inherited from ore-forming fluids with variable redox conditions and pH,the complex SEu/Mo correlation indicates that Mo increasingly entered the scheelite under oxidizing conditions and reached a maxim at 8Eu values of 0.8 to *** contrast,under reducing conditions,Mo contents in scheelite decrease gradually and Mo is precipitated as molybdenite as a result of the change in dominant valence *** the Sr-Nd isotope compositions of scheelite from vein-type Au-(W) and W-(Sb-Au) deposits,the scheelite from skam-type W-Mo deposits has low(Nd/Nd)(t)(most <0.5125) and intermediate(Sr/Sr)(t) values(most between 0.708 and 0.715).The εNd(t) values of the scheelite varied from-16 to-12.3 in the Baizhangyan deposit and from-9.5 to-9.1 in the Jit

关键词： Skarn-type scheelite trace element substitution REE Sr-Nd isotope Eu anomaly W-Mo deposits Chizhou

Formation Age and Evolution Time Span of the Koktokay No.3 Pegmatite,Altai,NW China:Evidence from U–Pb Zircon and 40Ar–39Ar Muscovite Ages

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Formation Age and Evolution Time Span of the Koktokay No.3 P...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）学术年会

作者： Qifeng Zhou kezhang qin Dongmei Tang Ye Tian Mingjian Cao Chunlong Wang Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resource Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Koktokay No.3 pegmatite is the largest Li–Be–Nb–Ta–Cs pegmatitic rare-metal deposit of the Chinese Altai orogenic belt,and is famous for its concentric ring zonation pattern(nine internal zones).However,the formation age and evolution time span have been ***,we present the results of LA-ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating and muscoviteAr–Ar *** groups of zircon U–Pb ages(10 Ma,93–198 Ma,86–187 Ma and 72 Ma) for Zones II,V,VI,VII,and VIII,and a weighed mean Pb/ U age of 965 ± 11 Ma for Zone IV are ***,Zones II,IV,and VI have muscoviteAr–Ar plateau ages of 179.7 ± 1.1 Ma,182.1 ± 1.0 Ma,and 181.8 ± 1.1 Ma,*** previous U–Pb age studies(Zones I,V,and VII),the ages of emplacement,Li mineralization peak,hydrothermal stage of the No.3 pegmatite are in ranges of 193–198 Ma,184–187 Ma and 172–175 Ma,with weighted meanPb–U ages of 194.8 ± 2.3 Ma,186.6 ± 1.3 Ma and 173.1 ± 3.9 Ma,*** No.3 pegmatite formed in the early *** results of xenocrysts suggest that there is another pegmatite forming event of around 210 Ma in the mining district and the old zircon U–Pb ages imply that Neoproterozoic crustal rocks pertain to sources of the No.3 *** the previous muscoviteAr–Ar age studies(Zones I and V),a cooling age range of 177–182 Ma is considered as the time of hydrothermal stage and end of *** evolution process of the No.3pegmatite lasted 16 ***,the magmatic stage continued for 9–11 Myr and the magmatic–hydrothermal transition and hydrothermal stages were sustained at 5–7 *** time spans are long because of huge scale,cupola shape,large formation depth,and complex internal zoning patterns and formation *** some pegmatite dikes in the Chinese Altai,there is an early Jurassic pegmatite forming event.

关键词： Altai evolution time span Muscovite40Ar–39Ar age the Koktokay No 3 pegmatite zircon U–Pb age

Mesozoic magmatism and metallogeny in the Chizhou area,Middle-Lower Yangtze Valley,SE China:Constrained by petrochemistry,geochemistry and geochronology

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Mesozoic magmatism and metallogeny in the Chizhou area,Middl...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2014年度（第14届）学术年会

作者： Guoxue Song kezhang qin Guangming Li Noreen J.Evans Xianhua Li Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences John de Laeter Centre for Isotope Research Applied GeologyCurtin University Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The Chizhou area,southeast China,hosts extensive W-Mo-Pb-Zn and Cu-Au deposits but remains relatively unstudied.A wide range of Mesozoic magmatic intrusives were analyzed(whole-rock geochemistry,Sr-Nd isotopes,zircon U-Pb dating,and zircon Lu-Hf isotopes) in order to elucidate their genesis,relationship to W-Mo-Pb-Zn-Cu-Au mineralization,and the tectonic setting of *** U-Pb geochronology yielded a range of ages(147-110 Ma) encompassing three magmatic episodes;147-135 Ma,130-120 Ma,and 115-110 *** work marks the first time the youngest episode has been *** oldest episode resulted in the formation of small granite porphyries,always associated with skarn-porphyry type W-Mo-Pb-Zn-Cu-Au deposits under an extensional *** 130-120 Ma and 115-110 Ma intrusives were the products of enhanced N-S extension with no associated mineralization.A comparative study reveals two types of magmatism-mineralization systems:acid magmatic rocks in the Chizhou area related to skarn-porphyry type W-Mo-Pb-Zn-Cu-Au deposits and intermediaLe-acid magmatic rucks in the Tongling area relaLed to skarn-porphyry type Cu-Au-Fe-S ***-rock Sr-Nd isotopes,zircon Lu-Hf isotopes,and inherited zircon U-Pb ages suggest that the lower crust and meso-neoproterozoic Shangxi group rocks were the main sources of magmatic rocks and related W-Mo-Pb-Zn-Cu-Au deposits.A genetic model for Mesozoic magmatism-skarn-porphyry type W-Mo-Pb-Zn-Cu-Au mineralization involves partial melting of the lower crust,mixing with the remelted products of Meso-neoproterozoic Shangxi group rocks,and assimilation/fractional crystallization *** from this study suggest that there is great potential for the discovery of more and larger skarn-porphyry type W-Mo deposits in the transitional W-Mo-Pb-Zn metallogenic belt.

关键词： Middle-Lower Yangtze Valley Chi zhou Mesozoic Magmatism-mineralization Shangxi group Partial melting

长江中下游池州地区矽卡岩-斑岩型W-Mo矿床流体包裹体与H、O、S同位素研究

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岩石学报 2010年第9期26卷 2768-2782页

作者：宋国学秦克章李光明中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京100029 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

长江中下游池州地区区域构造上处于下扬子坳陷与江南古陆之间的过渡带上,近年来该区域内以钨钼为主的多金属矿床勘探方面取得了很大突破,鸡头山矽卡岩-斑岩型W-Mo矿、马头斑岩型Mo矿和百丈岩矽卡岩-斑岩型W-Mo矿是其中的三个代表性矿床... 详细信息

长江中下游池州地区区域构造上处于下扬子坳陷与江南古陆之间的过渡带上,近年来该区域内以钨钼为主的多金属矿床勘探方面取得了很大突破,鸡头山矽卡岩-斑岩型W-Mo矿、马头斑岩型Mo矿和百丈岩矽卡岩-斑岩型W-Mo矿是其中的三个代表性矿床。在鸡头山矿区和百丈岩矿区钨钼主要赋存于矽卡岩体中,已有工程探明二者的深部都有斑岩型矿体存在;在马头矿区钼主要以含钼石英脉和辉钼矿细脉的形式赋存于近接触带岩体与围岩中。流体包裹体研究表明,池州地区与钨钼矿有关的流体包裹体以水溶液包裹体(L+V)为主,同时发育含子矿物包裹体(L+V+S)和CO2包裹体(L+LCO2+VCO2)。成矿流体演化分为三个阶段:早阶段温度在350～500℃之间,深度约为1.5～2.5km,初始流体盐度为17%～25%NaCleqv,流体富H2O-CO2-CH4等气体,流体发生沸腾作用分离出高盐度流体和富气相低盐度流体;中阶段温度在170～360℃之间,深度约为0.5～1.7km,盐度为2%～24%NaCleqv,富H2O-CO2-CH4-H2S等气体,流体混合作用使得大量钨、钼、铅、锌等金属沉淀成矿;晚阶段温度在100～160℃之间,深度在约0.6km以下,盐度范围为1%～10%NaCleqv,与成矿作用无关。含矿石英脉H-O同位素和硫化物S同位素共同指示,池州地区与钨钼矿有关的成矿流体来自岩浆水、大气水和建造水的混合,流体混合是区域钨-钼-铅-锌成矿的主要机制。

关键词：鸡头山W-Mo矿百丈岩W-Mo矿马头Mo矿流体包裹体成矿流体池州地区