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On multi-scale representations of geographic features

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第z2期49卷 39-47页

作者： WANG Yanhui, LI Xiaojuan & GONG Huili key laboratory of 3. Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, capital Normal {3., beijing 10003., china key Lab laboratory of resource environment and gis of beijing, capital Normal {3., beijing 10003., china capital Normal Univ MOE Key Lab D Informat Acquisit & Applicat 3 Beijing 100037 Peoples R China capital Normal Univ Key Lab Lab Resource Environm Beijing 100037 Peoples R China capital Normal Univ GIS Beijing Beijing 100037 Peoples R China

This paper contains a review of the development of research on multiple representations compiled from Geographic Information Systems (gis), including data structure, formalization and storage, and intelligent zoom. A summary is also included of the problems of interconnectivity, consistency maintenance, dynamic query and coexisting updates, as well as a research review of multi-scale databases and related studies. Finally,research directions and foci are proposed for the future design and implementation of multi-scale gis.

关键词： multi-scale representation, multi-scale database, interconnectivity, consistency maintenance.

Ontology-based analysis of multi-scale modeling of geographical features

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第z2期49卷 121-131页

作者： WANG Yanhui, LI Xiaojuan & GONG Huili key laboratory of Three-Dimensional Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, capital Normal {3., beijing 10003., china beijing key laboratory of resource environment and gis, capital Normal {3., beijing 10003., china capital Normal Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Dimens Informat Acquisit & Applicat 3 Beijing 100037 Peoples R China capital Normal Univ Beijing Key Lab Resource Environm Beijing 100037 Peoples R China capital Normal Univ GIS Beijing 100037 Peoples R China

As multi-scale databases based on scale series of map data are built, conceptual models are needed to define proper multi-scale representation formulas and to extract model entities and the relationships among them. However, the results of multi-scale conceptual abstraction schema may differ, according to which cognition, abstraction and application views are utilized, which presents an obvious obstacle to the reuse and sharing of spatial data. To facilitate the design of unified, common and objective abstract schema views for multi-scale spatial databases, this paper proposes an ontology-based analysis method for the multi-scale modeling of geographical features. It includes a three-layer ontology model, which serves as the framework for common multi-scale abstraction schema; an explanation of formulary abstractions accompanied by definitions of entities and their relationships at the same scale, as well as different scales,which are meant to provide strong feasibility, expansibility and speciality functions; and a case in point involving multi-scale representations of road features, to verify the method's feasibility.

关键词： multi-scale representation, ontology-based analysis, multi-scale data modeling, hierarchical ontology.

A study on determining the location of groundwater divide using a mathematical morphology method

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第z2期49卷 141-148页

作者： PAN Yun, GONG Huili, DUAN Fuzhou & HU Zhuowei key laboratory of 3. Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education, capital Normal {3., beijing 10003., china key laboratory of resource environment and gis of beijing, capital Normal {3., beijing 10003., china capital Normal Univ Minist Educ Key Lab D Informat Acquisit & Applicat 3 Beijing 100037 Peoples R China capital Normal Univ Key Lab Resource Environm Beijing 100037 Peoples R China capital Normal Univ GIS Beijing Beijing 100037 Peoples R China

Placement of a groundwater divide indicates sink areas and spatial distribution, knowledge of which helps in the mapping of regional aquifer properties and the management of groundwater resources. By applying mathematical morphology to a conceptual model of a watershed and characteristic erosion and dilation operations, this paper proposes a structuring element with which to extract the shape and location of groundwater divide. With due consideration to watershed linearity, a structuring element with three origins is designed to connect watershed points. After erosion, closing, and dilation operations, the groundwater divide is determined; the results indicate this method's feasibility and accuracy.

关键词： groundwater divide, mathematical morphology, structuring element.

Quantitative exploration of the mechanisms behind the urban thermal environment in beijing

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1757-1763页

作者： Dan Meng,Xiaojuan Li~*,Wenji Zhao,Huili Gong key laboratory of 3. Information Acquisition and Application,Ministry of Education,key laboratory of resource,environment and gis in beijing,College of resources environment and Tourism,capital Normal university,beijing 100048,{13. [a]key laboratory of 3. Information Acquisition and Application Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and GIS in Beijing College of Resources Environment and Tourism Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China

The driving mechanism behind the formation of urban thermal environments is the result of a combination of *** was chosen as the study area,and the technique of principal component analysis(PCA) was used.A spatial regression method was also applied for quantitative explanation of the thermal *** Landsat thematic mapper images were used to quantify potential causing *** the eigenvalues of each factor and its relationship with land surface temperature,the first three principal components(PCs) are regarded as the main causative factors explaining the mechanism as independent *** first three PCs mainly reflect urban construction,road density and the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),*** least squares,spatial lag and spatial error regression models were established separately for the relationships between the first three PCs and land surface temperature(LST).In the two spatial regression models,z-statistics for both the spatial lag parameter(ρ) and spatial residual parameter(λ) are significant,indicating the necessity of using spatial regression to replace the OLS regression model,as well as indicating that the spatial error regression model is superior to the spatial lag regression ***,the normalized difference built-up index(NDBI) and road density are the most significant positive contributions to LST.

关键词： Urban thermal environment Drive mechanism Spatial regression beijing

Test of magnetic susceptibility and grain-size age models of loess

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1312-1317页

作者： Chen Yimeng1,2,3. Feng Zhaodong4 and Gong Huili1,2(1. MOE and key laboratory of resources {3. and gis of beijing, beijing 10003., china 2. key laboratory of 3. information Acquisition and Application, The capital Normal university, beijing 10003., china 3. Department of Economics & Management of Huizhou university, Huizhou 516007, china 4. key laboratory of Western china’s {3.al Systems, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou 73.000, china) MOE and key laboratory of resources {3. and gis of beijing Beijing 100037 China key laboratory of 3. information Acquisition and Application The Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China Department of Economics & Management of Huizhou university Huizhou 516007 China key laboratory of Western china’s {3.al Systems Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Ages of the stratigraphic boundary MIS1/2 and MIS3.4 of the Yuanbu loess section in Linxia are used as the basis of the nodal control age. The age of MIS1/2 and MIS3.4 are obtained from the latest international research result—the climatic events recorded in the stalagmite in the Hulu Cave in Nanjing, that MIS1/2 is 11.5 kaB.P. and MIS3.4 is 59.8 kaB.P.. The ages of the two climatic events contain three nodal age control models (Model 1: 0 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 2: 0 kaB.P.—11.5 kaB.P. and 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 3. 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.), which are used as the nodal control age separately. The deposition times of various stratigraphic horizons are calculated by using the magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model, and then compared with each other. In addition, the AMS14C age, OSL age and the ages of YD and H events are compared with the ages of the corresponding horizons calculated by the three models of nodal control ages. From the analyses of lithologic characters and climatic stages it has been found that both the magnetic susceptibility age model and the grain-size age model have some defects. Because the accurate control ages are selected as the nodal points of the glacial period or interglacial period, the stratigraphic deposition times determined by the high resolution of magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model approximate to the actual ages. As for the relative accuracy of the two age models, the magnetic susceptibility age model is more accurate than the grain-size age model.

关键词： loess nodal control age magnetic susceptibility age model grain-size age model test

Research on the damage of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty in beijing by remote sensing

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S1期51卷 195-202页

作者： LI XiaoJuan,GONG HuiLi,ZHANG Ou,ZHANG WeiGuang & SUN YongHua The key Lab of 3. Information Acquisition and Application,MOE,the key Lab of beijing {3. Envi-ronment and gis,and College of {3. environment & Tourism,capital Normal university,beijing 10003.,china capital Normal Univ Key Lab Informat Acquisit & Applicat MOE Key Lab Beijing Resource Environm Beijing 100037 Peoples R China

Using aerial photos and high resolution satellite images of the year of 2004,this paper establishes remote sensing interpretation marks of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty's damaged levels. Based on field survey and remote sensing survey in 1984,we analyzed present situation and changing characteristics being of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty in beijing. The results show that about 7.02% of the wall is well-preserved (about 25861 m); 3..5% of the wall is slightly or moderately dam-aged (about 115989 m); 61.5% of the wall is badly damaged (about 2263.9 m). This paper analyzes the dynamic change of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty. It shows that the damaged situation of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty in beijing is serious. From 1984 to 2004,the well-preserved wall is decreased by 3.206 m (decreased by 56%); badly damaged wall increased by 51207 m (increased by 67%). Finally,this paper analyzes the influence factors of damaging Great Wall. The conclusion is as follows: The damaged Great Wall is generally near the roads and villages,small slope,and easily arriving land.

关键词： the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty remote sensing interpreting damage dynamic change spatial analysis

Web gis design and realization for groundwater resources in the Yellow River basin

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 106-117页

作者： GAO Jianguo1,2, GONG Huili1,2, ZHAO Wenji1,2, ZHANG Xiaosong1 & YAN Ning2 1. resource, environment and gis {3. laboratory of beijing, capital Normal university, beijing 10003., china 2. 3.Dimension Information Extraction and Application {3. laboratory of Education Ministry, beijing 10003., china Correspondence should be addressed to Gong Huili Web gis design and realization for groundwa- ter resources in the Yellow River basin GAO Jianguo1,2, GONG Huili1,2, ZHAO Wenji1,2, ZHANG Xiaosong1 & YAN Ning2 1. resource, environment and gis {3. laboratory of beijing, capital Normal university, beijing 10003., china 2. 3.Dimension Information Extraction and Application {3. laboratory of Education Ministry, beijing 10003., china capital Normal Univ Resource Environm & GIS Key Lab Beijing Beijing 100037 Peoples R China 3.Dimens Informat Extract & Applicat Key Lab Educ Minist Beijing 100037 Peoples R China

This article brings forward a design and realization scheme of Web gis in the Yellow River basin for the management of groundwater resources. The main goals are to manage and share data of massive-scale, to support the research of groundwater resources in the Yellow River basin. In this paper we point out the necessity and feasibility of building the distributed Web gis for geographical research objects on a large scale. We put forward some solutions for the construction of this kind of system including a holistic deployment strategy in the Internet, a scheme of distributed data storage and management, a design of application structure based on three tires architecture by each province and how they collaborate with each other. It also illuminates how the application server works, and sets forth the relations among databases which work together in this system.

关键词： the Yellow River basin, groundwater, Web gis.

Study on NDVI-T_s space by combining LAI and evapotranspiration

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第7期49卷 747-754页

作者： HAN Lijuan1,2,3. WANG Pengxin4, YANG Hua1,2,3. LIU Shaomin1,2,3.& WANG Jindi1,2,3.1. Research Center for Remote Sensing and gis, School of Geography, beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, china 2. State key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, beijing 100875, china 3. beijing key laboratory for Remote Sensing of environment and Digital Cities, beijing 100875, china 4. Department of Information Management, College of Information and Electronic Engineering, china Agricultural university, beijing 100083. china 1. Research Center for Remote Sensing and gis School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China 2. State key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Beijing 100875 China 3. beijing key laboratory for Remote Sensing of {3. and Digital Cities Beijing 100875 China 4. Department of Information Management College of Information and Electronic Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China

This paper focuses on interpreting the different spatial relationships between NDVI and Ts, a triangular or a trapezoid, and on analyzing transformation conditions, the physical and ecological meanings of the vegetation index-surface temperature space as well. Further, we use the Tempera-ture-Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) to explain the existent meaning of a triangular space after NDVI reaches its saturated state by employing the relationships between NDVI, LAI and evapotranspiration. The specific relations between NDVI and Ts are useful for describing, validating and updating land surface models.

关键词： NDVI, land surface temperature, evapotranspiration, leave area index.

Information flow and controlling in regularization inversion of quantitative remote sensing

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第1期48卷 74-83页

作者： YANG Hua, XU Wangli, ZHAO Hongrui, CHEN Xue & WANG Jindi Research Center for Remote Sensing and gis, School of Geography, beijing Normal university, State {3. laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, beijing {3. laboratory for Remote Sensing of environment and Digital Cities, beijing 100875, china Department of Mathematics, beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, china 1. Research Center for Remote Sensing and gis School of Geography Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities 100875 Beijing China 2. Department of Mathematics Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China

In order to minimize uncertainty of the inversed parameters to the largest extent by making full use of the limited information in remote sensing data, it is necessary to understand what the information flow in quantitative remote sensing model inversion is, thus control the information flow. Aiming at this, the paper takes the linear kernel-driven model inversion as an example. At first, the information flow in different inversion methods is calculated and analyzed, then the effect of information flow controlled by multi-stage inversion strategy is studied, finally, an information matrix based on USM is defined to control information flow in inversion. It shows that using Shannon entropy decrease of the inversed parameters can express information flow more properly. Changing the weight of a priori knowledge in inversion or fixing parameters and partitioning datasets in multi-stage inversion strategy can control information flow. In regularization inversion of remote sensing, information matrix based on USM may be a better tool for quantitatively controlling information flow.

关键词： regularization inversion, information flow, Shannon entropy decrease, information matrix.