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Backpack magnetic sprayer:off-target drift and on-target deposition uniformity in a sugarcane plantation

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第6期14卷 27-36页

作者： Girma Moges kevin mcdonnell Mulugeta A.Delele Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research P.O.Box 436NazarethEthiopia Bahir Dar University P.O.Box 26Bahir DarEthiopia School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinBelfieldD04 N2E5Dublin 4Ireland

There is an increasing requirement for new application methods that are capable of minimizing agricultural spray drift and maximizing on-target *** charge spraying techniques improve the adhesion characteristics of the spray solution to agricultural crops which in turn can reduce the amount of solution to be sprayed in comparison with the conventional spraying method that uses non-charged spray *** this research,experimental field studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of magnetic spraying technology taking into account the effect of meteorological parameters on spray drift and on-target deposition in a sugarcane *** results showed a significant benefit from magnetic spraying on drift reduction,in comparison with conventional knapsack and backpack boom *** lowest drift values were achieved with magnetic sprayer with TeeJetXR110015 nozzle;it was significantly lower than conventional backpack boom sprayer with both TeeJetXR110015 and TeeJetXR11001 nozzles and knapsack *** differences between treatments were also observed for on-target spray deposits at both top and middle *** highest deposition was obtained by magnetic sprayer with TeeJetXR110015 nozzle at both upper and middle ***,the deposition for the magnetic sprayer coupled with TeeJetXR11001 nozzle was statistically at par with knapsack at upper canopy and with both knapsack and backpack boom sprayers with TeeJetXR110015 nozzle in middle *** of the application methods except magnetic sprayer with TeeJetXR110015 gave acceptable spray deposition *** conclusion,the result clearly showed that the potential of magnetic spraying technology in reducing pesticide drift and improving on-target deposition in crop spraying.

关键词： magnetic sprayer nozzle drift deposition drift curve sugarcane

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An Interactive Visual Analytics Framework for Multi-Field Data in a Geo-Spatial Context

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2013年第2期18卷 111-124页

作者： Zhiyuan Zhang Xiaonan Tong kevin T. mcdonnell Alla Zelenyuk Dan Imre Klaus Mueller the Visual Analytics and Imaging Lab at Computer Science Department Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11790 USA an undergraduate student at Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA the Department of Mathematics Dowling College Oakdale NY 11769 USA Pacific Northwest National Lab Richland WA 99354 USA also with SUNY Korea

Climate research produces a wealth of multivariate data. These data often have a geospatial reference and so it is of interest to show them within their geospatial context. One can consider this configuration as a multifield visualization problem, where the geo-space provides the expanse of the field. However, there is a limit on the amount of multivariate information that can be fit within a certain spatial location, and the use of linked multivariate information displays has previously been devised to bridge this gap. In this paper we focus on the interactions in the geographical display, present an implementation that uses Google Earth, and demonstrate it within a tightly linked parallel coordinates display. Several other visual representations, such as pie and bar charts are integrated into the Google Earth display and can be interactively manipulated. Further, we also demonstrate new brushing and visualization techniques for parallel coordinates, such as fixed-window brushing and correlation-enhanced display. We conceived our system with a team of climate researchers, who already made a few important discoveries using it. This demonstrates our system＇s great potential to enable scientific discoveries, possibly also in other domains where data have a geospatial reference.

关键词： geospatial visualization visual analytics information visualization multivariate visualization parallel coordinates coordinated displays linking and brushing

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The Direct Use of Post-Processing Wood Dust in Gas Turbines

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2012年第3期2卷 60-64页

作者： Aline Doherty Eilin Walsh kevin P.mcdonnell School of Biosystems Engineering University College DublinDublinIreland Animal and Crop Sciences School of AgricultureFood Science and Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland

Woody biomass is a widely-used and favourable material for energy production due to its carbon neutral status. Energy is generally derived either through direct combustion or gasification. The Irish forestry sector is forecasted to expand significantly in coming years, and so the opportunity exists for the bioenergy sector to take advantage of the material for which there will be no demand from current markets. A by-product of wood processing, wood dust is the cheapest form of wood material available to the bioenergy sector. Currently wood dust is primarily processed into wood pellets for energy generation. Research was conducted on post-processing birch wood dust;the calorific value and the Wobbe Index were determined for a number of wood particle sizes and wood dust concentrations. The Wobbe Index determined for the upper explosive concentration (4000 g/m3) falls within range of that of hydrogen gas, and wood dust-air mixtures of this concentration could therefore behave in a similar manner in a gas turbine. Due to its slightly lower HHV and higher particle density, however, alterations to the gas turbine would be necessary to accommodate wood dust to prevent abrasive damage to the turbine. As an unwanted by-product of wood processing the direct use of wood dust in a gas turbine for energy generation could therefore have economic and environmental benefits.

关键词： Wood Dust Wood Processing Gasification Renewable Energy

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Questioning Ecosystem Assessment and Restoration Practices in a Major Urban Estuary： Perpetuating Myths of Degradation in Spite of the Facts

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2016年第2期5卷 78-108页

作者： John T. Tanacredi Martin P. Schreibman kevin mcdonnell Department of Biology Chemistry and Environmental Studies Molloy College Rockville Center N.Y. 11570 USA Center for Environmental Research Coastal Oceans Monitoring (CERCOM) Molloy College Rockville Center N. E 11570 USA Biology Department Brooklyn College CUNY Brooklyn N. E 11210 USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Dowling College Oakdale N. Y. 11769 USA

The Jamaica Bay ecosystem is a dichotomy. It encompasses more than 12,000 acres of coastal estuarine marshes and an ecological diversity rivaling any coastal environment in the world. It is considerably altered, and is affected by a variety of ecological insults directly related to the fact that more than 14 million people live in its vicinity. Environmental protection institutions responded to the challenge of protecting the bay, surrounding wetlands and recreational benefits by addressing the increasing load of contaminants into the ecosystem. Billions of dollars have been spent during the past five decades on restoration attempts, including upgrading wastewater treatment plantsand the closure of three major sanitary landfills. Even with the curtailment of untreated wastewater release and ending periodic dredging and filling programs, all activities that are necessary processes in maintaining an urban harbor, the Jamaica Bay ecosystem has reached a point where many believe it to be unrecoverable, requiring massive infusions of restoration dollars. This categorization has been perpetuated based on questionable data （the ＂myths＂） that, when investigated in rigorous scientific detail, prove to be unsubstantiated. In this paper, the origin of these myths and the scientific investigation that dispel them are discussed.

关键词： Ecosystem based management eco-restoration urban ecology estuaries ecological health

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The effects of sun exposure on carotenoid accumulation and oxidative stress in the retina of the House Finch(Haemorhous mexicanus)

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Chinese Birds 2016年第1期7卷 56-67页

作者： Matthew B.Toomey kevin J.McGraw School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University Medical School

Background: Diet-derived carotenoid pigments are concentrated in the retinas of birds and serve a variety of functions, including photoprotection. In domesticated bird species(e.g., chickens and quail), retinal carotenoid pigmentation has been shown to respond to large manipulations in light exposure and provide protection against photodamage. However, it is not known if or how wild birds respond to ecologically relevant variation in sun ***: We manipulated the duration of natural sunlight exposure and dietary carotenoid levels in wild-caught captive House Finches(Haemorhous mexicanus), then measured carotenoid accumulation and oxidative stress in the ***: We found no significant effects of sun exposure on retinal levels of carotenoids or lipid peroxidation, in replicate experiments, in winter(Jan–Mar) and spring/summer(May–June). Dietary carotenoid supplementation in the spring/summer experiment led to significantly higher retinal carotenoid levels, but did not affect lipid peroxidation. Carotenoid levels differed significantly between the winter and spring/summer experiments, with higher retinal and lower plasma carotenoid levels in birds from the later ***: Our results suggest that variation in the duration of exposure to direct sunlight have limited influence on intraspecific variation in retinal carotenoid accumulation, but that accumulation may track other seasonal–environmental cues and physiological processes.

关键词： Carotenoids Haemorhous mexicanus House Finch Photostress Vision

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