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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第6期30卷 849-857页

作者： Shriful Islam David j.williams Marcelo Llano-Serna Chenming Zhang School of Civil Engineering The University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet 3114Bangladesh Geotechnical Engineer Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd.Queensland 4101Australia

The volume change and shear strength behaviour of tailings slurry with the changes in gravimetric moisture content is important to effectively utilise the storage volume and analysis of dam failure *** testing of tailings from a slurry-like to soil-like state is a critical task,and conventional consolidation apparatus does not have the capability of doing such testing,as the tailings slurries contain high water *** tests conducted on slurries having a 25%solids concentration showed very low efficiency;final sediment was still *** intrinsic point was identified based on pore water pressure dissipation during consolidation tests in a slurry consolidometer that can define two states of the tailings ***-like and *** the slurry-like state,the volume change was greater for Slurry 2 than Slurry 1,while the inverse was observed in the soil-like *** evolution of peak vane shear strength with the changes in moisture content was almost similar for both samples and obeyed the power *** models have been developed and validated to predict the shear strength of materials at any gravimetric moisture content or void ratio.

关键词： Settling Consolidation Vane shear strength Coal tailings slurry Slurry consolidometer

Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari jennifer C.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref kevin K.Wang j.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

Dynamic optoelectric trapping and deposition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 264-269页

作者： Avanish Mishra Katherine Clayton Vanessa Velasco Stuart j.williams Steven T.Wereley Birck Nanotechnology Center School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of LouisvilleKY 40292USA

In the path toward the realization of carbon nanotube(CNT)-driven electronics and sensors,the ability to precisely position CNTs at well-defined locations remains a significant *** complex CNT-based bottom–up structures can be synthesized if there is a method to accurately trap and place these *** this study,we demonstrate that the rapid electrokinetic patterning(REP)technique can accomplish these *** using laser-induced alternating current(AC)electrothermal flow and particle–electrode forces,REP can collect and maneuver a wide range of vertically aligned multiwalled CNTs(from a single nanotube to over 100 nanotubes)on an electrode *** addition,these trapped nanotubes can be electrophoretically deposited at any desired location onto the electrode *** from active control of the position of these deposited nanotubes,the number of CNTs in a REP trap can also be dynamically tuned by changing the AC frequency or by adjusting the concentration of the dispersed *** the basis of a calculation of the stiffness of the REP trap,we found an upper limit of the manipulation speed,beyond which CNTs fall out of the REP *** peak manipulation speed is found to be dependent on the electrothermal flow velocity,which can be varied by changing the strength of the AC electric field.

关键词： carbon nanotube deposition optoelectrical tweezers patterning trapping

Genetics of anorexia nervosa:An overview of genome-wide association studies and emerging biological links

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journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第1期49卷 1-12页

作者： Clara de jorge Martinez Gull Rukh Michael j.williams Santino Gaudio Samantha Brooks Helgi BSchi oth Department of Neuroscience Functional PharmacologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly School of Psychology Faculty of HealthLiverpool John Moores UniversityUK Department of Psychology School of Human and Community DevelopmentUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia

Anorexia nervosa(AN) is a complex disorder with a strong genetic component. Comorbidities are frequent and there is substantial overlap with other disorders. The lack of understanding of the molecular and neuroanatomical causes has made it difficult to develop effective treatments and it is often difficult to treat in clinical practice. Recent advances in genetics have changed our understanding of polygenic diseases,increasing the possibility of understanding better how molecular pathways are intertwined. This review synthetizes the current state of genetic research providing an overview of genome-wide association studies(GWAS) findings in AN as well as overlap with other disorders, traits, pathways, and imaging results. This paper also discusses the different putative global pathways that are contributing to the disease including the evidence for metabolic and psychiatric origin of the disease.

关键词： Anorexia nervosa Genome-wide association studies Genetic variants Psychiatry

A review of the microbiology of the Rehai geothermal field in Tengchong,Yunnan Province,China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第3期3卷 273-288页

作者： Brian P.Hedlund jessica K.Cole Amanda j.williams Weiguo Hou Enmin Zhou Wenjun Li Hailiang Dong School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNV 89154-4004USA Geomicrobiology Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Yunnan Institute of Microbiology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650011China Department of Geology Miami UniversityOxfordOH 45056USA

The Rehai Geothermal Field, located in Tengchong County, in central-western Yunnan Prov- ince, is the largest and most intensively studied geothermal field in China. A wide physicochemical diversity of springs （ambient to -97 ℃; pH from 〈1.8 to≥9.3） provides a multitude of niches for extremophilic microorganisms. A variety of studies have focused on the cultivation, identification, basic physiology, taxonomy, and biotechnological potential of thermophilic microorganisms from Rehai. Ther- mophilic bacteria isolated from Rehai belong to the phyla Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thermus. Firmicutes include neutrophilic or alkaliphilic Anoxybacillus, Bacillus, Caldalkalibacillus, Caldanaerobacter, Laceyella, and Geobacillus, as well as thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus and Sulfobacillus. Isolates from the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum include several Meiothermus and Thermus species. Many of these bacteria synthesize thermostable polymer-degrading enzymes that may be useful for biotech- nology. The thermoacidophilic archaea Acidianus, Metallosphaera, and Sulfolobus have also been isolated and studied. A few studies have reported the isolation of thermophilic viruses belonging to Siphoviridae （TTSP4 and TTSP10） and Fuselloviridae （STSV1） infecting Thermus spp. and Sulfolobus spp., respectively. More recently, cultivation-independent studies using 16S rRNA gene sequences, shotgun metagenomics, or ＂＇functional gene＂ sequences have revealed a mtlch broader diversity of micro- organisms than represented in culture. Studies of the gene and mRNA encoding 113e large subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase （amoA） of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea （AOA） and the tetraether lipid cre- narchaeol, a potential hiomarker for AOA, suggest a wide diversity, but possibly low abundance, of ther- mophilic AOA in Rehai. Finally, we introduce the Tengchong Partnerships in International Research and Education （P1RE） project, an international collaboration between Chinese and U.S. scientists with the goal of

关键词： GeomicrobiologyThermophile Yunnan Rehai Tengchong PIRE

IDEALIZED SIMULATIONS OF THE INNER CORE BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURE IN A LANDFALLING TROPICAL CYCLONE. PART Ⅰ: KINEMATIC STRUCTURE

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2019年第2期8卷 53-73页

作者： GABRIEL j.williams jR. Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Charleston

The effects of coastal topography and coastal location in the distribution of boundary layer winds in the inner core of mature tropical cyclones are examined using a high-resolution multi-level model. In these numerical simulations, the evolution of the tropical cyclone boundary layer(TCBL) is studied in storm-relative coordinates, and in lieu of an actual steering current moving the model vortex, the position of the land-sea interface was shifted through the grid domain at a constant speed with separate surface boundary conditions specified over the land and ocean areas. It is shown that the presence of a coastal boundary produces land-induced asymmetries(along with an internal boundary layer) due to the asymmetric structure of surface drag. This land-induced asymmetry is found in both the azimuthal and radial wind field at landfall. For a moving storm, nonlinear advective interactions between storm-induced asymmetries and land-induced asymmetries can generate a lowlevel vorticity band ahead of the hurricane. When the storm motion vector has a component that is perpendicular to the coastal boundary, the interaction between this band and the mean vortex leads to a temporary weakening and re-intensification cycle. Furthermore, it is shown that the relative magnitude of the land-induced asymmetry depends upon the terrain slope and the terrain height such that the land-induced asymmetry dominates over the motion-induced asymmetry for elevated terrain. These results underscore the specific differences in boundary layer evolution and intensity evolution for hurricanes interacting with complex topographical features.

关键词： hurricane tropical cyclone landfalling hurricane tropical cyclone boundary layer

A Comprehensive Overview of Skeletal Phenotypes Associated with Alterations in Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Humans and Mice

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Bone Research 2013年第1期1卷 27-71页

作者： kevin A.Maupin Casey j.Droscha Bart O.williams Program for Skeletal Pathobiology and Center for Tumor Metastasis Van Andel Research Institute333 Bostwick NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA

The Wnt signaling pathway plays key roles in differentiation and development and alterations in this signaling pathway are causally associated with numerous human diseases. While several laboratories were examining roles for Wnt signaling in skeletal development during the 1990s, interest in the pathway rose exponentially when three key papers were published in 2001-2002. One report found that loss of the Wnt co-receptor, Low-density lipoprotein related protein-5 （LRPS）, was the underlying genetic cause of the syndrome Osteoporosis pseudoglioma （OPPG）. OPPG is characterized by early-onset osteoporosis causing increased susceptibility to debilitating fractures. Shortly thereafter, two groups reported that individuals carrying a specific point mutation in LRP5 （G171V） develop high-bone mass. Subsequent to this, the causative mechanisms for these observations heightened the need to understand the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling controlled bone development and homeostasis and encouraged significant investment from biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies to develop methods to activate Wnt signaling to increase bone mass to treat osteoporosis and other bone disease. In this review, we will briefly summarize the cellular mechanisms underlying Wnt signaling and discuss the observations related to OPPG and the high-bone mass disorders that heightened the appreciation of the role of Wnt signaling in normal bone development and homeostasis. We will then present a comprehensive overview of the core components of the pathway with an emphasis on the phenotypes associated with mice carrying genetically engineered mutations in these genes and clinical observations that further link alterations in the pathway to changes in human bone.

关键词： Wnt signaling mouse models Lrp5/Lrp6 -catenin skeletal phenotypes

A review of concentrated flow erosion processes on rangelands:Fundamental understanding and knowledge gaps

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2016年第2期4卷 75-86页

作者： Sayjro K.Nouwakpo Christopher j.williams Osama Z.Al-Hamdan Mark A.Weltz Fred Pierson Mark Nearing University of Nevada RenoDepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Science1664 N.Virginia StreetRenoNV 89557USA USDA ARSNorthwest Watershed Management Research800 Park BLVD.STE 105BoiseID 83712USA Texas A&M University–Kingsville Department of Civil and Architectural EngineeringKingsvilleTX 78363USA USDA ARSGreat Basin Rangelands Research920 Valley RoadRenoNV 89512USA USDA ARSSouthwest Watershed Research2000 East Allen RoadTucsonAZ 85719USA

Concentrated flow erosion processes are distinguished from splash and sheetflow processes in their enhanced ability to mobilize and transport large amounts of soil,water and dissolved *** rangelands,soil,nutrients and water are scarce and only narrow margins of resource losses are tolerable before crossing the sustainability *** these ecosystems,concentrated flow processes are perceived as indicators of degradation and often warrant the implementation of mitigation ***,this negative perception of concentrated flow processes may conflict with the need to improve understanding of the role of these transport vessels in redistributing water,soil and nutrients along the rangeland *** influences the development and erosion of concentrated flowpaths and has been the primary factor used to control and mitigate erosion on *** the ecohydrologic level,vegetation and concentrated flow pathways are engaged in a feedback relationship,the understanding of which might help improve rangeland management and restoration *** this paper,we review published literature on experimental and conceptual research pertaining to concentrated flow processes on rangelands to:(1)present the fundamental science underpinning concentrated flow erosion modeling in these landscapes,(2)discuss the influence of vegetation on these erosion processes,(3)evaluate the contribution of concentrated flow erosion to overall sediment budget and(4)identify knowledge gaps.

关键词： Erosion Rangeland Concentrated flow Rill Gully

Perforated duodenal ulcer:An unusual manifestation of allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第44期21卷 12709-12712页

作者： kevin M Riggle Ghassan Wahbeh Elizabeth M williams Kimberly j Riehle Department of General Surgery University of Washington Seattle Division of Gastroenterology Seattle Children’s Hospital Seattle Division of Pathology Seattle Children’s Hospital Seattle Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Seattle Children’s Hospital

Spontaneous perforation of a duodenal ulcer secondary to allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EGE) has not been previously reported. We present such a case in a teenager who presented with peritonitis. After exploration and operative repair of his ulcer, he continued to experience intermittent abdominal pain, and further evaluation revealed eosinophilic gastroenteritis in the setting of multiple food allergies. His EGE resolved after adhering to a restrictive diet. Both duodenal ulcers and EGE are very rarely seen in pediatric patients. EGE has a variable presentation depending on the layer(s) of bowel wall affected and the segment of the gastrointestinal tract that is involved. Once diagnosed, it may respond to dietary changes in patients with recognized food allergies, or to steroids in patients in whom an underlying cause is not identified. Our case highlights the need to keep EGE in the differential diagnosis when treating pediatric patients with duodenal ulcers. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of EGE are also discussed, along with a review of the current literature.

关键词： Pediatric Duodenal ulcer Eosinophilic Gastroenteri