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Medicinal mushrooms in prevention and control of diabetes mellitus

Fungal diversity 2012年第5期56卷 1-29页

作者： dilani d.de Silva Sylvie Rapior kevin d.Hyde Ali H.Bahkali Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Faculty of Pharmacy University Montpellier 1UMR 5175 CEFEBP 1449115avenue Charles Flahault34093 Montpellier Cedex 5France School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Botany and Microbiology department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11442Saudi Arabia

diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening chronic metabolic disease caused by lack of insulin and/or insulin dysfunction,characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood(hyperglycemia).Millions worldwide suffer from diabetes and its ***,it has been recognized that type 2 diabetes is an important preventable disease and can be avoided or delayed by lifestyle ***,there are many chemical and biochemical hypoglycemic agents(synthetic drugs),that are used in treating diabetes and are effective in controlling ***,as they may have harmful side-effects and fail to significantly alter the course of diabetic complications,natural anti-diabetic drugs from medicinal plants have attracted a great deal of *** mushrooms have been valued as a traditional source of natural bioactive compounds over many centuries and have been targeted as potential hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic *** metabolites including polysaccharides,proteins,dietary fibres,and many other biomolecules isolated from medicinal mushrooms and their cultured mycelia have been shown to be successful in diabetes treatment as biological antihyperglycemic *** this review we discuss the biological nature of diabetes and,in particular,explore some promising mushrooms that have experimental anti-diabetic properties,preventing or reducing the development of diabetes *** importance of medicinal mushrooms as agents of medical nutrition therapy and how their metabolites can be used as supportive candidates for prevention and control of diabetes is *** prospects for this field of study and the difficulties and constraints that might affect the development of rational drug products from medicinal mushrooms are discussed.

关键词： Medicinal mushrooms diabetes mellitus Anti-diabetic agents Anti-hyperglycemic agents Bioactive metabolites Mushroom supplementation diabetes prevention

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China＇s Macroeconomic Outlook and Risk Assessment： Counterfactual Analysis, Policy Simulation, and Long-Term Governance- A Summary of Annual Report （2015-2016）

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第2期11卷 173-191页

作者： kevin X. d. Huang Guoqiang Tian department of Economics Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1819 USA Institute for Advanced Research (IAR) Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (SUFE) Shanghai 200433 China School of Economics and Institute for Advanced Research (IAR) Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (SUFE) Shanghai 200433 China department of Economics Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA

Abstract This summary report highlights the confluence of continued downward pressures and deflation scares in the face of looming uncertainty in China＇s key macroeconomic landscapes. Counterfactual analyses and policy simulations are conducted, in addition to benchmark forecasts, based on IAR-CMM model and taking into account both cyclical and secular factors. Economic deceleration is projected to continue in the short to medium term, with real GdP growth declining to 6.3% （5.5% using more reliable instead of official data） in 2016 and facing a significant risk of sliding further down in 2017. Five key factors contributing to the weak outlook, additional to frictions and impediments associated with economic transition/restructuring and lackluster domestic/external demands, are identified, including： lack of new growth/ development engine, exhaustion of government-led driving force, the crowding-out of private sectors by state-owned enterprises （SOEs） with excess capacity／capital overhang, nonperforming government sectors and officials, and twist or misinterpretation of the ＂New Normal.＂ A root cause of these problems, lying with sluggishness in China＇s transformation into a market based economy, has to do with overpowered government but underpowered market in resource allocation and government underperformance in enforcing integrity and transparency in the marketplace and in providing public goods and services. At the nexus between inclusive growth and institutional transformation are market oriented and rule of law governed structural reforms and harmonious development. As such, fundamental institutional reforms that dialectically balance demand and supply side factors and properly weigh short run stabilization against long run development should be elevated to the top of the agenda.

关键词： macroeconomic forecast risk assessment policy simulation,alternative scenarios long-term governance

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Tribute to Professor John Webster(1925–2014)

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Fungal diversity 2015年第5期74卷 1-2页

作者： E.B.Gareth Jones kevin d.Hyde department of Botany and Microbiology King Saudi UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand

This isssue of Fungal diversity is dedicated to the memory of John Webster and his various contributions to mycology:an outstanding teacher and researcher,as the author of the acclaimed book Introduction to Fungi(now in its 3rd edition),the production of many films to illustrate the growth and reproduction of fungi,as President of the British Mycological Society(1969,1996 the centenary year of the BMS),for the *** in plant pathology and the garden of plant pathogens at Exeter,as President of the International Mycological Association(IMA)1983–1990,for his many contributions on coprophilous and aquatic fungi and for his organising skills as the General Secretary of the 1st International Mycological Congress hosted in Exeter in 1971.

关键词： claimed Webster illustrate

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Promote Competitive Neutrality to Facilitate China’s Economic development:Outlook,Policy Simulations,and Reform Implementation-A Summary of the Annual SUFE Macroeconomic Report(2019-2020)

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2020年第1期15卷 1-24页

作者： kevin X.d.Huang Zixi Liu Guoqiang Tian department of Economics Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA Institute for Advanced Research Shanghai University of Finance and EconomicsShanghai 200433China department of Economics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Twenty nineteen(2019)marked another year of lethargic growth in the Chinese economy amidst escalated internal and external ***,the country's macroeconomic landscape was overcast continuously by fallen consumption growth,plunged growth in manufacturing investment,rapid accumulation of household debt,risen income inequality,and the overhang of local government *** nation's external conditions did not fare any better,with drastically declined growth in imports and exports,continued trade tensions with the US,and weakened external *** on the IAR-CMM model,which takes account of both cyclical and secular factors,the baseline real GdP growth rate is projected to be 6.0%in 2020(5.9%using more reliable rather than the official data),with a downside *** scenario analyses and policy simulations are conducted,in addition to the benchmark forecast,to reflect the influences of various internal and external *** findings emanated from these analyses lead us to stress the importance and urgency of deepening reform to achieve competitive neutrality for China’s transformation into a phase with sustainable and high-quality development.

关键词： macroeconomic outlook alternative scenario policy simulation competitive neutrality reform systemic risk resource misallocation

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Chinese Economy under the New"dual Circulation"Strategy:Challenges and Opportunities-A Summary of the Annual SUFE Macroeconomic Report(2020-2021)

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2021年第1期16卷 1-29页

作者： kevin X.d.Huang Shuangjian Li Guoqiang Tian department of Economics Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA Institute for Advanced Research Shanghai University of Finance and EconomicsShanghai 200433China department of Economics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Entering year 2020,the Chinese economy was struck by the COVId-19 *** unprecedented pandemic,entangled with the already elevated complexities in the nation's internal environment and external surroundings,aggravated its economic *** factors including severe education mismatch in China's labor force,its vanishing demographic dividend,the declined purchasing power of its middle-income groups,risen leverage ratio of households and enterprises,and soared local government debt reinforced to weaken China's domestic *** factors,especially uncertainty in the China-US relation in the face of the re-shaping global value chain,dragged world economic recovery and thus China's exports and *** summary report highlights some major challenges and opportunities faced by the nation under its new development strategy that stresses internal circulation of domestic economy aided by its interaction with the *** analyses based on IAR-CMM model provide a unified framework for addressing China's short-,medium-,and long-term issues in an internally coherent *** into year 2021,our benchmark projection reports an 8.4%annual real GdP growth *** scenario analyses and policy simulations are conducted to assess the impacts of potential downside risks and the corresponding policy options for ensuring implicit *** the lens of these analyses,we conclude that a refocus on effective management of internal demand,while deepening structural reforms on supply side and advancing orderly opening up,can help smooth the internal and external circulations of the Chinese economy to achieve high-quality development.

关键词： macroeconomic outlook alternative scenario analysis policy simulation systemic risk structural reforms opening up dual circulation

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White matter hyperintensity progression is associated with incident probable dementia or mild cognitive impairment

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第4期7卷 364-366页

作者： Adam de Havenon kevin N Sheth Sharon d Yeatts Tanya N Turan Shyam Prabhakaran Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA Public Health Sciences MUSCCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Neurology MUSCCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Neurology University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA

Background White matter hyperintensity(WMH)on brain MRI is associated with developing dementia or mild cognitive impairment(MCI),but WMH progression over time has not been fully investigated as an independent risk *** We performed a post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial-Memory and Cognition in decreased Hypertension(SPRINT MINd)*** primary outcome was incident probable dementia or MCI(dementia/MCI)before the follow-up MRI at 48 months from *** primary predictor was WMH progression,defined as the Z score difference between the follow-up and baseline WMH *** secondary predictor was a binary WMH progression threshold(≥1.4 mL vsded patients,33(7.6%)developed dementia/*** were 156(36.0%)patients who met the WMH progression threshold of≥1.4 mL,in whom the rate of dementia/MCI was 12.8%(20/156)vs 4.7%(13/277)of patients withd with dementia/MCI(OR 1.51,95%CI 1.12 to 2.04,p=0.007)as was the WMH progression threshold of≥1.4 mL(OR 2.89,95%CI 1.23 to 6.81,p=0.015).Conclusions In this post hoc analysis of SPRINT MINd,WMH progression over 48 months was associated with the development of probable dementia or MCI.

关键词： impairment Blood incident

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A phylogenetic census of global diversity of gut anaerobic fungiand a new taxonomic framework

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Fungal diversity 2018年第2期89卷 253-266页

作者： Shyam Sundar Paul dengpan Bu Jianchu Xu kevin d.Hyde Zhongtang Yu department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University2029 Fyffe CourtColumbusOH 43210USA ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes Sirsa RoadHisarHaryana 125001India State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry World Agroforestry CentreEast and Central AsiaBeijing 100193China Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety CICAPSChangsha 410128China Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Center of Excellence in Fungal diversity Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand

Obligate anaerobic fungi of the phylum Neocallimastigomycota play a key role in digesting fibrous feeds in the gut ofherbivores, but little is known about their global diversity. In this study, the collective diversity of gut anaerobic fungi wasexamined using all curated internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences of anaerobic gut fungi available in *** 262,770 quality-checked fungal ITS1 sequences downloaded from GenBank were assigned to 274 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the approximate species level. Of these approximate species-equivalent (Sp-eq) OTUs, 119 wererepresented by at least five ITS1 sequences, with 38 containing known species and 81 containing no known species. Basedon a rarefaction analysis, the currently available ITS1 sequences represent nearly all the major species of gut anaerobicfungi, but much more sequencing effort is needed to assess the actual richness of minor OTUs. One dataset of ITS1reference sequences (referred to as AF-RefSeq) and one comprehensive taxonomic framework are also presented, and theyare shown to be suitable for taxonomic classification of most of the ITS1 sequences in GenBank. The results of the presentstudy may help guide future studies involving taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 sequences of anaerobic fungiand targeted isolation and characterization of new anaerobic fungi.

关键词： Anaerobic fungi Global diversity ITS1 sequences Rumen Taxonomic framework

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A dominant Allele of Arabidopsis Pectin-Binding Wall-Associated Kinase Induces a Stress Response Suppressed by MPK6 but Not MPK3 Mutations

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 841-851页

作者： Bruce d. Kohorn Susan L. Kohorn Tanya Todorova Gillian Baptiste kevin Stansky Meghan McCullough department of Biology Bowdoin College ME 04011 USA

The plant cell wall is composed of a matrix of cellulose fibers, flexible pectin polymers, and an array of as- sorted carbohydrates and proteins. The receptor-like Wall-Associated Kinases （WAKs） of Arabidopsis bind pectin in the wall, and are necessary both for cell expansion during development and for a response to pathogens and wounding. Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases （MPKs） form a major signaling link between cell surface receptors and both transcrip- tional and enzyme regulation in eukaryotes, and Arabidopsis MPK6 and MPK3 indeed have important roles in develop- ment and the response to stress and pathogens. A dominant allele of WAK2 requires kinase activity and activates a stress response that includes an increased ROS accumulation and the up-regulation of numerous genes involved in pathogen resistance, wounding, and cell wall biogenesis. This dominant allele requires a functional pectin binding and kinase domain, indicating that it is engaged in a WAK signaling pathway. A null mutant of the major plasma membrane ROS-producing enzyme complex, rbohd/f does not suppress the WAK2cTAP-induced phenotype. A mpk6, but not a mpk3, null allele is able to suppress the effects of this dominant WAK2 mutation, thus distinguishing MPK3 and MPK6, whose activity previously was thought to be redundant. Pectin activation of gene expression is abated in a wak2-null, but is tempered by the WAK-dominant allele that induces elevated basal stress-related transcript levels. The results suggest a mechanism in which changes to the cell wall can lead to a large change in cellular responses and help to explain how pathogens and wounding can have general effects on growth.

关键词： Wall Associated Kinases MPK3 MPK6 pectin oligogalacturonides.

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Tackle China's Economic Complexities by deepening Reform and Opening Up: Macroeconomic Outlook, Policy Simulations, and Reform Implementation—A Summary of the Annual SUFE Macroeconomic Report (2018-2019)

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2019年第1期14卷 80-109页

作者： kevin X.d. Huang Guoqiang Tian Yuqin Wang department of Economics Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA Institute for Advanced Research Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Shanghai 200433 China department of Economics Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA School of Economics Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Shanghai 200433 China

Faced with complicated external and internal challenges, China's economy continues to see sluggish growth in 2018. Rapid accumulation of household debts, exacerbation in income inequality, tightened real sector liquidity, escalated trade tensions with the US, and weakened external demand pose key problems in China's macroeconomic landscape. The status quo is exacerbated by soaring uncertainty and weakening confidence in the face of persistent resource misallocations and institutional distortions, which cast more shadow on the already dampened consumer sentiment, sluggish private investment growth, and fallen foreign reserves. This summary report highlights the urgency of deeper structural reforms for tackling the various internal and external problems. Based on the IAR-CMM model, with both cyclical and secular factors taken into consideration, our baseline forecast of real GdP growth rate is 6.4%(6.1% using more reliable instead of the official data) in 2019. Alternative scenario analyses and policy simulations are conducted to assess the consequences of possible downside risks and the corresponding policy options needed to ensure the assumed growth targets. These analyses lead us to conclude that comprehensively deepening reform and opening up, which should be both rule-of-law based and market-oriented, with well-designed and well-conceived strategies that properly weigh short-, medium-, and long-term benefits and costs, should continue to be set as the guidance for China's transformation into a phase with sustainable and high-quality growth.

关键词： macroeconomic outlook alternative scenario analysis policy simulation risk reform complex status-quo resource misallocations market-oriented

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Layer-layout-based heuristics for loading homogeneous items into a single container

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第12期8卷 1944-1952页

作者： WANG Zhou-jing LI kevin W department of Automation Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Odette School of Business University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada

The container loading problem (CLP) is a well-known NP-hard problem. due to the computation complexity, heuristics is an often-sought approach. This article proposes two heuristics to pack homogeneous rectangular boxes into a single container. Both algorithms adopt the concept of building layers on one face of the container, but the first heuristic determines the layer face once for all, while the second treats the remaining container space as a reduced-sized container after one layer is loaded and, hence, selects the layer face dynamically. To handle the layout design problem at a layer's level, a block-based 2d packing procedure is also developed. Numerical studies demonstrate the efficiency of the heuristics.

关键词： Container loading problem (CLP) Heuristic Laver Packing. Optimization

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