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Geographical location affects size and materials used in the construction of European Pied Flycatcher(Ficedula hypoleuca) nests

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Avian Research 2019年第2期10卷 111-125页

作者： kevin B.Briggs Lucia E.Biddle d.Charles deeming Joseph Banks Laboratories School of Life SciencesUniversity of Lincoln

Background: Nest construction is a key element of avian reproductive behaviour and the result is often a complex structure that is used for incubation of eggs, which represents an extended phenotype. It is known that nest construction is a plastic behaviour but the extent to which plasticity is observed in a single species with a wide geographical distribution is largely unknown. This study sought to better understand variation in nest size and composition across a very wide geographical area. The hypothesis suggested that location would affect size but not composition of nests of the European Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca). Methods: Nests and reproductive data were collected from seventeen study sites, spread over 6° of latitude and 3.3° of longitude on the island of Great Britain. dimensions of nests were measured before they were deconstructed to determine the masses and types materials used in the outer nest and the cup lining. Results: Geographical variation was observed in base thickness of nests but not many other dimensions. Nests varied in composition but were mainly made of leaf, moss, bark, grass, root and fern. Moss was used more to the north and east of the study area compared with more leaf mass towards the south and west. The species of leaf and bark used in the nests varied between geographical locations. Additionally, the use of leaves or bark from a particular tree species did not reflect the incidence of the tree species in the immediate territory. Conclusions: This study showed that nest composition was affected by geographical location over a wide area. Variation between nests at each location was high and so it was concluded that differences in nest composition reflect individual selection of materials but evidence is such that it remains unclear whether this is deliberate to fulfil a specific role in the nest, or simply opportunistic with birds simply picking up materials with the appropriate characteristics as they find them outside the

关键词： Breeding success Ficedula hypoleuca Latitude Longitude Nest composition Nest size Nest structure

Anodic Cyclizations, Seven-Membered Rings, and the Choice of Radical Cation *** Pathways

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2019年第7期37卷 672-678页

作者： Robert J.Perkins Ruozhu Feng Qingquan Lu kevin d.Moeller department of Chemistry Washington University in St.Louis St.Louis MO 63130 USA

While many steps in an oxidative cyclization reaction can be important,it is the cyclization step itself that plays the central *** this step does not proceed well,then optimization of the rest of the sequence is *** report here that the key to the cyclization is channeling the reaction down the correct *** reactions require the use of a radical pathway and some require the use of a radical cation *** example of each is provided along with a strategy for accessing both pathways using a common intermediate.

关键词： Anodic Cyclizations Seven-Membered Rings

Fungal diversity on fallen leaves of Ficus in northern Thailand

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第10期9卷 835-841页

作者： Hong-kai WANG kevin d. HYdE Kasem SOYTONG Fu-cheng LIN Biotechnology Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Fungal Research Group School of Science Mae Fah Luang University Tasud Chiang Rai 571000 Thailand Faculty of Agricultural TechnologT King Mongkut＇s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand

Fallen leaves of Ficus altissima, F. virens, F. benjamina, F. fistulosa and F. semicordata, were collected in Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand and examined for fungi. Eighty taxa were identified, comprising 56 anamorphic taxa, 23 ascomycetes and l basidiomycete. Common fungal species occurring on five host species with high frequency of occurrence were Beltraniella nilgirica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Ophioceras leptosporum, Periconia byssoides and Septonema harknessi. Colletotrichum and Stachybotrys were also common genera. The leaves of different Ficus species supported diverse fungal taxa, and the fungal assemblages on the different hosts showed varying overlap. The fungal diversity of saprobes at the host species level is discussed.

关键词： Ficus Fallen leaves Saprobes Fungal diversity

A new method for face detection in colour images for emotional bio-robots

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中国科学：技术科学英文版 2010年第11期53卷 2983-2988页

作者： HAPESHI kevin Computing department University of Gloucestershire

Emotional bio-robots have become a hot research topic in last two decades. Though there have been some progress in research, design and development of various emotional bio-robots, few of them can be used in practical applications. The study of emotional bio-robots demands multi-disciplinary co-operation. It involves computer science, artificial intelligence, 3d computation, engineering system modelling, analysis and simulation, bionics engineering, automatic control, image processing and pattern recognition etc. Among them, face detection belongs to image processing and pattern recognition. An emotional robot must have the ability to recognize various objects, particularly, it is very important for a bio-robot to be able to recognize human faces from an image. In this paper, a face detection method is proposed for identifying any human faces in colour images using human skin model and eye detection method. Firstly, this method can be used to detect skin regions from the input colour image after normalizing its luminance. Then, all face candidates are identified using an eye detection method. Comparing with existing algorithms, this method only relies on the colour and geometrical data of human face rather than using training datasets. From experimental results, it is shown that this method is effective and fast and it can be applied to the development of an emotional bio-robot with further improvements of its speed and accuracy.

关键词： face detection skin colour model eye detection bio-robots

Adults have more male-biased sex ratios than first-winter juveniles in wintering duck populations

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 623-637页

作者： kevin A.Wood Kane Brides Maurice E.durham Richard d.Hearn Wildfowl&Wetlands Trust SlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BTUK

Background:The long-term monitoring of demographic changes in waterbird populations remains limited,but such information can be valuable for conservationists and waterbird *** sex ratios can indicate differences in survival rates between *** particular,differences in the sex ratios of fledged juveniles and adults can provide insight into the development of male bias among ***:In this study,we used data from individual birds captured over a 57-year period to assess the extent,and temporal variability in male bias in nine populations of ducks wintering in the United Kingdom:Gadwall(Mareca strepera),Northern Mallard(Anas platyrhynchos),Northern Pintail(Anas acuta),Common Pochard(Aythya ferina),Common Shelduck(Tadorna tadorna),Northern Shoveler(Spatula clypeata),Eurasian Teal(Anas crecca),Tufted duck(Aythya fuligula),and Eurasian Wigeon(Mareca penelope).Results:Overall,eight of these populations were significantly male-biased and adults were more male-biased than first-winter juveniles for all nine *** increased male bias among adults is consistent with the hypothesis that factors such as higher mortality of reproductive-age females during the breeding season is a major cause of male bias in duck ***,such predation cannot explain the male bias detected in first-winter juveniles in four of the *** temporal trends in male bias differed between adults and first-winter juveniles in Northern Mallard,Northern Pintail,Common Pochard,Common Shelduck,Eurasian Teal,Tufted duck,and Eurasian *** the study period we found increased male bias among adult Northern Mallard,Northern Pintail,Common Pochard,Common Shelduck,and Tufted duck as well as both adult and first-winter juvenile Northern ***:We provide evidence that among wintering duck populations,sex ratios are typically male-biased,with adults exhibiting stronger male-biased sex ratios than first-winter *** monitoring

关键词： Anseriformes Bird ringing demography Population structure Sex ratio Waterfowl

Philippine retinoblastoma initiative multi-eye center study 2010-2020

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 144-156页

作者： Roland Joseph d.Tan Gary John V.Mercado Patricia E.Cabrera Paulita Pamela P.Astudillo Rolando Enrique d.domingo Josept Mari S.Poblete Charmaine Grace M.Cabebe Adriel Vincent R.Te Melissa Anne S.Gonzales Jocelyn G.Sy Beltran Alexis A.Aclan Jayson T.So Fatima G.Regala Kimberley Amanda K.Comia Josemaria M.Castro Mara Augustine S.Galang Aldous dominic C.Cabanlas Benedicto Juan E.Aguilar Gabrielle S.Evangelista Jo Michael Maniwan Andrei P.Martin Calvin Y.Martinez John Alfred H.Lim Rena Ivy Bascuna Rachel M.Ng kevin B.Agsaoay Kris Zanna A.Acluba-Arao Ellaine Rose V.Apostol Beatriz M.Prieto department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Philippine General HospitalManila 1000Philippines department of Ophthalmology Baguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio City 2600Philippines department of Ophthalmology Manila Doctors HospitalManila 1000Philippines department of Ophthalmology Rizal Medical CenterPasig City 1600Philippines department of Ophthalmology Jose B.Lingad Memorial Regional HospitalPampanga 2000Philippines department of Ophthalmology Southern Philippines Medical CenterDavao City 8000Philippines department of Ophthalmology East Avenue Medical CenterQuezon City 1100Philippines department of Ophthalmology Northern Mindanao Medical CenterCagayan de Oro City 9000Philippines department of Ophthalmology Cebu Velez General HospitalCebu City 6000Philippines Legazpi Eye Center Legazpi City 4500Philippines department of Ophthalmology Cagayan Valley Medical CenterTuguegarao City 3500Philippines

AIM:To provide a comprehensive and more representative national data on the disease,especially on treatment options and outcomes,and to determine access of retinoblastoma patients from Luzon,Visayas and Mindanao to eye care,and determine if access is associated with delay in consultation,staging and ***:Cohort study of retinoblastoma patients seen in eleven institutions located in the three major areas of the Philippines namely Luzon,Vizayas and Mindanao from ***:Totally 636 patients,involving 821 eyes,were ***(57%)were from Luzon and were seen in institutions in Luzon(72%).Annually,58±10 new cases were seen with 71%having unilateral *** delay of consultation remained long at 9(3,17)mo,longest in patients with unilateral disease(Pd those from the Visayas(Pd on the International Retinoblastoma Staging System,only 35%of patients had Stage 1 while 47%already had extraocular *** was the most common treatment received by 484 patients while intravenous chemotherapy was received by *** were 250(39%)patients alive,195(31%)dead,85(13%)abandoned,17(3%)refused and 89(14%)with no ***:This study presents the largest cohort of retinoblastoma patients in the Philippines in terms of patients’and participating institutions’number and geographical location and type of institution(private and public).It also presents more comprehensive data on the treatments used and outcomes(survival,globe salvage,and vision retention rates).delay in consultation was still long among patients leading to advanced disease stage and lower survival *** increasing capacity to diagnose and manage retinoblastoma in the country,the delay of consultation remains long primarily due to accessibility issues to eye care institutions especially in the Visayas and financial *** delay was still significant that overall survival rate remain low.

关键词： retinoblastoma Philippines clinical profile

Editorial comment–volume 60 of Fungal diversity Special issue dedicated to the COST Action FA1103,“Endophytes in Biotechnology and Agriculture”

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Fungal diversity 2013年第3期60卷 1-4页

作者： Marc Stadler kevin d.Hyde department Microbial drugs Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BraunschweigGermany Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand

Summary:The European Cooperation in Science and Technology(COST)aims to promote joint interdisciplinary research in various areas and provides substantial funding to international consortia to conduct networking activities such as workshops,training schools,and short time international student *** though primarily European Scientists are eligible to propose COST Actions and to receive funding,the international community can and does *** special issue is dedicated to a COST Action FA1103 on biotechnological and agricultural exploitation of endophytes,entertained by 150 scientists from over 20 *** original papers,one review and two non COST Action papers have been compiled,all of which are dealing with various aspects of fundamental and applied research on fungal *** broad spectrum of the contributions,which are representative of the scientific scope of the Action,is illustrated by reports on innovative methods for all taxa inventories(molecular ecology),studies relating to bioprospecting.

关键词： Action dealing prospecting

New and rare lignicolous hyphomycetes from Zhejiang Province, China

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第10期9卷 797-801页

作者： Mongkol WONGSAWAS Hong-kai WANG kevin d. HYdE Fu-cheng LIN State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology Institute of Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Fungal Research Group School of Science Mac Fah Luang University Tasud Muang Chiang Rai 57100 Thailand

Sporidesmiopsis zhejiangensis sp. nov. and Spadicoides americana were found on submerged wood from streams in Zhejiang Province, China. Sporidesmiopsis zhejiangensis is characterized by obclavate to fusiform, 5-6-distoseptate, versicolor-ous, verruculose conidia with an apical mucilaginous sheath. Spadicoides americana is a new record to China. These taxa are described and illustrated, and morphological differences between these species and their similar species were summarized.

关键词： Freshwater fungi Sporidesmiopsis zhejiangensis Spadicoides americana Taxonomy

Advances in the phylogenesis of Agaricales and its higher ranks and strategies for establishing phylogenetic hypotheses

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第10期9卷 779-786页

作者： Rui-lin ZHAO dennis E. dESJARdIN Kasem SOYTONG kevin d. HYdE Faculty of Biology Conservation Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 China department of Biology San Francisco State University San Francisco California 94132 USA Faculty of Agricultural Technology King Mongkut＇s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang （KMITL） Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand International Fungal Resource and development Centre the Research Institute of Resources Insects Chinese Academy of Forestry Kunming 650224 China Fungal Research Group School of Science Mae Fah Luang University Tasud Chiang Rai 57100 Thailand

We present an overview of previous research results on the molecular phylogenetic analyses in Agaricales and its higher ranks (Agaricomycetes/Agaricomycotina/Basidiomycota) along with the most recent treatments of taxonomic systems in these taxa. Establishing phylogenetic hypotheses using dNA sequences, from which an understanding of the natural evolutionary relationships amongst clades may be derived, requires a robust dataset. It has been recognized that single-gene phylogenies may not truly represent organismal phylogenies, but the concordant phylogenetic genealogies from multiple-gene datasets can resolve this problem. The genes commonly used in mushroom phylogenetic research are summarized.

关键词： Gene Molecular Mushrooms Phylogeny