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Arabidopsis FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 Are Functionally Redundant, But FtsZ-Based Plastid division Is Not Essential for Chloroplast Partitioning or Plant Growth and development

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1211-1222页

作者： Aaron J. Schmitz Jonathan M. Glynn Bradley J.S.C. Olson kevin d. Stokes Katherine W. Osteryoung department of Plant Biology 166 Plant Biology Bldg Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824-1312 USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Genetics Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Present address: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory La Jolla CA 92037 USA Present address: Mycobacteria and Brucella Section NVSL/APHIS/USDA 1920 Dayton Ave Ames IA 50010 USA

FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are phylogenetically distinct families of FtsZ in plants that co-localize to mid-plastid rings and facilitate division of chloroplasts. In plants, altered levels of either FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 cause dose-dependent defects in chloroplast division; thus, studies on the functional relationship between FtsZgenes require careful manipulation of FtsZ levels in vivo. To define the functional relationship between the two FtsZ2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2, we expressed FtsZ2-1 in an ftsZ2-2 null mutant, and vice versa, and determined whether the chloroplast division defects were rescued in plants expressing different total levels of FtsZ2. Full rescue was observed when either the FtsZ2-1 or FtsZ2-2 level approximated total FtsZ2 levels in wild-type （WT）. Additionally, FtsZ2-2 interacts with ARC6, as shown previously for FtsZ2- 1. These data indicate that FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 are functionally redundant for chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. To rigorously validate the requirement of each FtsZ family for chloroplast division, we replaced FtsZ1 with FtsZ2 in vivo, and vice versa, while maintaining the FtsZ level in the transgenic plants equal to that of the total level in WT. Chloroplast division defects were not rescued, demonstrating conclusively that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are non-redundant for maintenance of WT chloroplast numbers. Finally, we generated ftsZtriple null mutants and show that plants completely devoid of FtsZ protein are viable and fertile. As plastids are presumably essential organelles, these findings suggest that an FtsZ-independent mode of plastid partitioning may occur in higher plants.

关键词： Chloroplast plastid division FtsZ ARC6 PdV1.

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Early vs late oral nutrition in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to a medical intensive care unit

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World Journal of diabetes 2019年第1期10卷 57-62页

作者： Kirill Lipatov kevin K Kurian Courtney Shaver Heath d White Shekhar GhamANde AlejANdro C Arroliga Salim Surani department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineBaylor Scott and White Health department of Biostatistics Baylor Scott and White Health department of Medicine Texas A and M University

BACKGROUNd diabetic ketoacidosis(dKA) has an associated mortality of 1% to 5%. Upon admission, patients require insulin infusion and close monitoring of electrolyte and blood sugar levels with subsequent transitioning to subcutaneous insulin and oral nutrition. No recommendations exist regarding the appropriate timing for initiation of oral *** To assess short-term outcomes of oral nutrition initiated within 24 h of patients being admitted to a medical intensive care unit(MICU) for *** A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at a single academic medical center. The patient population consisted of adults admitted to the MICU with the diagnosis of dKA. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients receiving oral nutrition within(early nutrition group) and after(late nutrition group) the first 24 h of admission. The primary outcome was 28-d mortality. Secondary outcomes included 90-d mortality, MICU and hospital lengths of stay(LOS), and time to resolution of *** There were 128 unique admissions to the MICU for dKA with 67 patientsreceiving early nutrition and 61 receiving late nutrition. The APACHE(Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) IV mortality and LOS scores and dKA severity were similar between the groups. No difference in 28-or 90-d mortality was found. Early nutrition was associated with decreased hospital and MICU LOS but not with prolonged dKA resolution, anion gap closure, or greater rate of dKA *** In patients with dKA, early nutrition was associated with a shorter MICU and hospital LOS without increasing the rate of dKA complications.

关键词： diabetes mellitus diabetic ketoacidosis diabetic complications Acidosis Ketosis Critical care

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Backpack magnetic sprayer:off-target drift and on-target deposition uniformity in a sugarcane plantation

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第6期14卷 27-36页

作者： Girma Moges kevin Mcdonnell Mulugeta A.delele Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research P.O.Box 436NazarethEthiopia Bahir dar University P.O.Box 26Bahir DarEthiopia School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinBelfieldD04 N2E5Dublin 4Ireland

There is an increasing requirement for new application methods that are capable of minimizing agricultural spray drift and maximizing on-target *** charge spraying techniques improve the adhesion characteristics of the spray solution to agricultural crops which in turn can reduce the amount of solution to be sprayed in comparison with the conventional spraying method that uses non-charged spray *** this research,experimental field studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of magnetic spraying technology taking into account the effect of meteorological parameters on spray drift and on-target deposition in a sugarcane *** results showed a significant benefit from magnetic spraying on drift reduction,in comparison with conventional knapsack and backpack boom *** lowest drift values were achieved with magnetic sprayer with TeeJetXR110015 nozzle;it was significantly lower than conventional backpack boom sprayer with both TeeJetXR110015 and TeeJetXR11001 nozzles and knapsack *** differences between treatments were also observed for on-target spray deposits at both top and middle *** highest deposition was obtained by magnetic sprayer with TeeJetXR110015 nozzle at both upper and middle ***,the deposition for the magnetic sprayer coupled with TeeJetXR11001 nozzle was statistically at par with knapsack at upper canopy and with both knapsack and backpack boom sprayers with TeeJetXR110015 nozzle in middle *** of the application methods except magnetic sprayer with TeeJetXR110015 gave acceptable spray deposition *** conclusion,the result clearly showed that the potential of magnetic spraying technology in reducing pesticide drift and improving on-target deposition in crop spraying.

关键词： magnetic sprayer nozzle drift deposition drift curve sugarcane

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Towards a natural classification of Annulatascaceae-like taxa:introducing Atractosporales *** six new families

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Fungal diversity 2017年第4期85卷 75-110页

作者： Huang Zhang Wei dong kevin d.Hyde Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Sinang Hongsanan d.Jayarama Bhat Abdullah M.Al-Sadi di Zhang Yunnan Institute of Food Safety Kunming University of Science&TechnologyKunming 650500People’s Republic of China Center of Excellence for Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 34Al-Khod 123Oman Formerly at department of Botany Goa UniversityGoa 403206India No.128/1-J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaGoa VelhaIndia Faculty of Environmental Science&Engineering Kunming University of Science&TechnologyKunming 650500People’s Republic of China

Species with relatively small,membraneous,black ascomata,with or without long necks,unitunicate,cylindrical asci with apical rings and fusiform,hyaline ascospores with or without mucilaginous sheaths are common in freshwater habitats in tropical and temperate *** of these taxa have originally been recorded as Annulatascaceae-like *** genera have been included in the family Annulatascaceae,mostly based on morphological characters,while molecular work and phylogenetic analyses are lacking for many *** this study,nine new Annulatascaceae-like taxa collected from Thailand were morphologically *** cultures obtained from single ascospores were used in molecular *** nine new strains and several other strains of Annulatascaceae-like Sordariomycetes species were used to establish phylogenetic and evolution relationships among the taxa,based on combined LSU,SSU,ITS and RPB2 sequence *** analyses provide evidence to introduce one new order and six new families,to accommodate taxa excluded from Annulatascaceae sensu stricto.A new order Atractosporales is established based on the molecular study,including three new introduced families Conlariaceae,Pseudoproboscisporaceae and *** is introduced for the genus Conlarium which comprises two species,Conlarium duplumascosporun and a new Hyphomycetous asexual morph taxon Conlarium aquaticum which has subglobose or irregular,brown,clathrate,muriform *** includes Pseudoproboscispora and diluviicola,while Atractosporaceae includes the genera Rubellisphaeria and ***,Xylomelasma and Ceratostomella form a distinct stable lineage which is introduced as a new family Barbatosphaeriaceae in diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis.A new family Lentomitellaceae is introduced in diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis,to accommodate the genus *** is introduced to accommodate Woswasia,Xyloch

关键词： Annulatascales diaporthomycetidae Phylogeny Sexual morphs Submerged wood

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Overview of Stachybotrys(Memnoniella)and current species status

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Fungal diversity 2015年第2期71卷 17-83页

作者： Yong Wang kevin d.Hyde Eric H.C.McKenzie Yu-Lan Jiang de-Wei Li de-Gang Zhao Guizhou Key Laboratory Agro-Bioengineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou 550025People’s Republic of China department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou 550025China Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Valley Laboratory The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station153 Cook Hill RoadWindsorCT 06095USA

Stachybotrys(asexual Hypocreales)has a worldwide *** genus inhabits substrates rich in cellulose and is closely related to *** of species has previously been based on morphology,with conidial characters being considered as *** study reevaluates Stachybotrys and Memnoniella,which is shown to include at least seven species-groups;while Memnoniella is a synonym of *** sexual genera Ornatispora and Melanopsamma are also synonyms of *** the exception of Stachybotrys subsimplex,species formed a wellsupported monophyletic group in LSU data analysis belonging to ***-four accepted Stachybotrys species are discussed,while eight species are considered to belong to other genera or are doubtful in this paper and a key to these species *** new combinations and 1 nomina nova is *** status of Stachybotrys species on health,as human or animal pathogens,in indoor environments,and use as biocontrol agents and compound discovery are also discussed.

关键词： Current species Nomen excludendum Phylogeny Synonyms Taxonomic history

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An Innovative Methodology of Product design from Nature

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第1期5卷 75-84页

作者： Hui-I Wen Shu-jun Zhang kevin Hapeshi Xiao-feng Wang department of Visual Communication design Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung County 41394 Taiwan department of Multi-Media and Computing Gloucestershire University Cheltenham GL50 2HR UK Warwick Manufacturing Group School of Engineering The University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK

Nature is an information sourcebook of behaviour, function, colour and shape which can inspire visual design and invention. Studying the form and functional characteristics of a natural object can provide inspiration for product design and help to improve the marketability of manufactured products. The inspiration can be triggered either by direct observation or captured by three-dimensional （3d） digitising techniques to obtain superficial information （geometry and colour）. An art designer often creates a concept in the form of a two-dimensional （2d） sketch while engineering methods lead to a point cloud in 3d. Each has its limitations in that the art designer commonly lacks the knowledge to build a final product from a 2d sketch and the engi- neering designer＇s 3d point clouds may not be very beautiful. We propose a method for Product design from Nature （PdN）, coupling aesthetic intent and geometrical characteristics, exploring the interactions between designers and nature＇s systems in PdN. We believe that this approach would considerably reduce the lead time and cost of product design from nature.

关键词： bio-inspiration design conceptual design designer sketch inspiration forms aesthetic design from nature

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Financial development, Foreign direct Investment, and the Efficiency of Capital Allocation in China

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2013年第2期8卷 165-185页

作者： kevin X. d. Huang Chun Jiang Qingyuan Li Kai Sheng Jia Wang QiweiZhao department of Economics Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1819 USA School of Economics and Management Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 ChinaJia Wang World Financial Group 3300 Holcomb Bridge Road Norcross GA 30092-5405 USAKai Sheng School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

We study the roles of local financial development and foreign direct investment, and more importantly, their interaction with one another, in local capital allocation, based on Chinese industrial and regional data. Our main finding is that, although local financial development and FdI each individually tended to improve the efficiency of local capital allocation during the sample period, they tended to compete and crowd out each other＇s effect, so that one impaired the individual function of the other. In particular, there exists a threshold value for local financial development, above which an increase in FdI reduces the efficiency of local capital allocation, rather than improve it. On the other hand, there exists a threshold value for FdI, above which further development in the local financial system lowers the efficiency of local capital allocation, rather than increase it. Our estimations suggest that the levels of FdI and local financial development in some relatively more developed Chinese regions have already surpassed such threshold values. We provide some interpretations of our findings and we discuss potential policy implications.

关键词： foreign direct investment (FdI) local financial development,capital allocation efficiency

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Elite capture,the“follow-up checks”policy,and the targeted poverty alleviation program:Evidence from rural western China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 880-890页

作者： CHENG Xiao-yu WANG Jian-ying kevin Z.CHEN Institute of Agricultural Economics and development Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China School of Economics Zhejiang University of Finance&EconomicsHangzhou 310018P.R.China China Academy for Rural development Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China International Food Policy Research Institute WashingtonD.C.20005USA

decentralized methods for targeting poverty are widely adopted in developing countries to improve the performance of various poverty alleviation programs.A common challenge for implementing successful decentralized targeting is the existence of elite *** has recently implemented a nationwide decentralized poverty targeting program,the targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)policy,to achieve the national goal of eliminating absolute poverty by the end of *** the largest decentralized poverty targeting program in the world,TPA's successful implementation was believed to be threatened by elite capture in some earlier *** 2015,a targeting correction mechanism,called"follow-up checks"policy,has been *** the"follow-up checks"policy,the elites and other ineligible households who receive benefits under TPA were removed from the *** paper investigates the elite capture phenomenon in TPA using village census data from a poverty-stricken county in 2017-two years after implementing the"follow-up checks"*** find no evidence of elite capture in *** elites are unlikely to become beneficiaries or receive more benefits than *** results contradict earlier findings that reported elite capture in *** argue that the reason is the accountability emphasized by the central government in the"follow-up checks"*** findings imply that having proper accountability is critical for improving targeting performance by global antipoverty initiatives.

关键词： elite capture decentralized poverty targeting targeted poverty alleviation the"follow-up checks"policy accountability

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Why some tumours trigger neovascularisation and others don't:the story thus far

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2016年第2期35卷 69-79页

作者： Omanma Adighibe Russell d.Leek Marta Fernandez-Mercado Jiangting Hu Cameron Snell kevin C.Gatter Adrian L.Harris Francesco Pezzella Radcliffe department of Medicine Nuffield Division of Laboratory ScienceJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of Oxford Radcliffe department of Medicine Leukaemia and Lymphoma Research Molecular Haematology UnitNuffield Division of Laboratory ScienceJohn Radcliffe Hospital Biodonostia Research Institute department of Medical Oncology Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe Hospital

Background:Angiogenesis is not essential for tumours to develop and expand,as cancer can also grow in a nonangiogenic fashion,but why this type of growth occurs is ***,our data from mRNA transcription profiling did not show any differences in the classical angiogenic pathways,but differences were observed in mitochondrial metabolic pathways,suggesting a key role for metabolic *** then validated these results with mRNA profiling by investigating differential protein expression via immunohistochemistry in angiogenic and non-angiogenic non-small cell lung cancers(NSCLCs).Methods:Immunohistochemical staining for 35 angiogenesis- and hypoxia-related biomarkers were performed on a collection of 194 angiogenic and 73 non-angiogenic NSCLCs arranged on tissue *** of P53 was performed with frozen tissue samples of ***:The non-angiogenic tumours were distinguished from the angiogenic ones by having higher levels of proteins associated with ephrin pathways,mitochondria,cell biogenesis,and hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF1) regulation by oxygen and transcription of HIF-controlled genes but lower levels of proteins involved in the stroma,cell-cell signaling and adhesion,integrins,and delta-Notch and epidermal growth factor(EGF)-related ***,proteins classically associated with angiogenesis were present in both types of tumours at very comparable *** expression of P53 was strongly associated with non-angiogenic tumours.A pilot investigation showed that P53 mutations were observed in 32.0%of angiogenic cases but in 71.4%of non-angiogenic ***:Our observations thus far indicate that both angiogenic and non-angiogenic tumours experience hypoxia/HIF and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) pathway protein expression in a comparable ***,angiogenesis does not ensue in the non-angiogenic ***,metabolic reprogramming seems to distinguish these two types of ne

关键词： Cancer, Angiogenesis, Hypoxia, Blood vessels

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Evolution of non‑lichenized,saprotrophic species of Arthonia(Ascomycota,Arthoniales)and resurrection of Naevia,with notes on Mycoporum

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Fungal diversity 2020年第3期102卷 205-224页

作者： Vinodhini Thiyagaraja Robert Lücking damien Ertz dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Samantha C.Karunarathna Erio Camporesi kevin d.Hyde CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50002Thailand World Agro Forestry Centre East and Central Asia Kunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Freie Universitat BerlinKonigin‑Luise‑Str.6-814195 BerlinGermany Research department Meise Botanic GardenNieuwelaan 381860 MeiseBelgium Service Général de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Fédération Wallonie-BruxellesRue A.Lavallée 11080 BrusselsBelgium A.M.B.G.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani” Via Roma 18ForliItaly A.M.B Circolo Micologico“Giovanni carini”C.P.314BresciaItaly Societa per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144BagnacavalloRAItaly

Fungi that are barely lichenized or non-lichenized and closely related to lichenized taxa,the so-called borderline fungi,are an important element in reconstructing the evolutionary history of lichenized *** is a prime example including non-lichenized,saprotrophic lineages which potentially were precursors to lichenized *** this study,we focused on saprotrophic species of Arthonia sensu lato,including new sequence data for Arthonia *** obtained fresh material of this taxon from a living branch of Fraxinus ornus in Italy to assess its taxonomic status and to elucidate its phylogenetic relationships within *** sections of the thallus and ascomata of *** confirmed the absence of a *** likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined mtSSU,nuLSU and RPB2 sequence data placed the species close to ***(barely lichenized or non-lichenized)and ***(non-lichenized)in a clade closely related to Arthonia sensu stricto,and the *** clade is here resurrected under the name *** character state analysis within a broader context of Arthoniales does not support the saprotrophic lifestyle to be a plesiomorphic feature,but suggests loss of lichenization in Naevia,as well as loss and possible regain in a second clade containing saprotrophic species and including taxa resembling Mycoporum,underlining the evolutionary plasticity of *** two clades constitute model taxa to further investigate the evolution of alternative biological lifestyles within the context of chiefly lichenized taxa.

关键词： Arthonia susa Arthothelium Evolution Lichenization Mycarthonia Pseudoarthonia Saprobes

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