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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第11期39卷 1925-1940页

作者： Kelvin S.NG Gregor C.LECKEb.SCH kevin I.HODGES School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Department of Meteorology and NCAS University of ReadingReading RG66BBUnited Kingdom

Extreme Mei-yu rainfall(MYR)can cause catastrophic impacts to the economic development and societal welfare in *** significant improvements have b.en made in climate models,they often struggle to simulate local-to-regional extreme rainfall(e.g.,MYR).Yet,large-scale climate modes(LSCMs)are relatively well represented in climate *** there exists a close relationship b.tween MYR and various LSCMs,it might b. possib.e to develop causality-guided statistical models for MYR prediction b.sed on *** statistical models could then b. applied to climate model simulations to improve the representation of MYR in climate *** this pilot study,it is demonstrated that skillful causality-guided statistical models for MYR can b. constructed b.sed on known *** relevancy of the selected predictors for statistical models are found to b. consistent with the *** importance of temporal resolution in constructing statistical models for MYR is also shown and is in good agreement with the *** results demonstrate the reliab.lity of the causality-guided approach in studying complex circulation systems such as the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM).Some limitations and possib.e improvements of the current approach are *** application of the causality-guided approach opens up a new possib.lity to uncover the complex interactions in the EASM in future studies.

关键词： extreme rainfall Mei-yu front causality-guided approach large-scale climate modes

Host plant selection of Chrysolina clathrata （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） from Mpumalanga, South Africa

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Insect Science 2009年第1期16卷 81-88页

作者： Rob.rt S. b.yd Micheal A. Davis Michael A. Wall kevin b.lkwill Department of b.ological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama Department of b.ological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi Entomology Department San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego California USA C.E. Moss Herb.rium School of Animal and Plant Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 WITS 2050 Johannesburg South Africa

Hyperaccumulated elements such as Ni may defend plants against some natural enemies whereas other enemies may circumvent this defense. The Ni hyperaccumulator b.rkheya coddii Roessler （Asteraceae） is a host plant species for Chrysolina clathrata （Clark）, which suffers no apparent harm b. consuming its leaf tissue. b.etle specimens collected from b. coddii had a whole b.dy Ni concentration of 260μg/g dry weight, despite consuming leaf material containing 15 100μg Ni/g. Two experiments were conducted with adults of this b.etle species： a no-choice experiment and a choice experiment. In the nochoice experiment we offered b.etles foliage of one of four speeies ofb.rkheya： b. coddii, b. rehmannii Thell. var. rogersiana Thell., b. echinacea （Harv.） O. Hoffm. ex b.rtt Davey, and b. insignis （Harv.） Thell. The two former species are Ni hyperaccumulators （defined as having leafNi concentration 〉 1 000 μg/g） whereas the latter have low Ni levels （〈 200 μg/g） in their leaves. Masses of b.etles were monitored for 6 days. Choice experiments used growing stem tips from the same b.rkheya species, placed into Petri dishes with five Chrysolina b.etles in each, and the amount of feeding damage caused on each of the four species was recorded. b.etles in the no-choice experiment gained mass when offered b. coddii, maintained mass on leaves of the other Ni hyperaccumulator （b. rehmannii var. rogersiana）, and lost mass when offered non-hyperaccumulator leaves. In the choice test, b.etles strongly preferred b. coddii to other b.rkheya species. We conclude that C. clathrata may b. host-specific on b. coddii.

关键词： b.rkheya coddii b.oaccumulation heavy metals host plant specialist nickel

Current strategies for drug delivery to the inner ear

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2013年第2期3卷 86-96页

作者： Hongzhuo Liu Jinsong Hao kevin S.Li Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnati 45267OhioUSA Schoolof Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China

For many years,drug delivery to the inner ear has b.en a challenge to physicians in the treatment of inner ear *** the past decade,the field of inner ear drug delivery has emerged with the development of new b.omaterials and drug delivery technologies to improve the effectiveness of inner ear drug *** paper reviews a numb.r of inner ear drug delivery strategies including systemic,intratympanic,and intracochlear delivery.A focus of this review is the recent advances in intratympanic delivery of medications;approaches utilizing novel b.omaterials as well as other recent developments are also ***-b.sed approaches,such as gene and stem cell therapy methods are also *** the various strategies,local drug delivery approaches including intratympanic and intracochlear drug delivery methods that limit systemic exposure are particularly *** inner ear drug delivery systems provide a new opportunity to improve the treatment of inner ear disorders.

关键词： Inner ear Drug delivery Intratympanic Intracochlear Gene Stem cell

Fungal diversity on fallen leaves of Ficus in northern Thailand

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science b.b.omedicine & b.otechnology) 2008年第10期9卷 835-841页

作者： Hong-kai WANG kevin D. HYDE Kasem SOYTONG Fu-cheng LIN b.otechnology Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Fungal Research Group School of Science Mae Fah Luang University Tasud Chiang Rai 571000 Thailand Faculty of Agricultural TechnologT King Mongkut＇s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand

Fallen leaves of Ficus altissima, F. virens, F. b.njamina, F. fistulosa and F. semicordata, were collected in Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand and examined for fungi. Eighty taxa were identified, comprising 56 anamorphic taxa, 23 ascomycetes and l b.sidiomycete. Common fungal species occurring on five host species with high frequency of occurrence were b.ltraniella nilgirica, Lasiodiplodia theob.omae, Ophioceras leptosporum, Periconia b.ssoides and Septonema harknessi. Colletotrichum and Stachyb.trys were also common genera. The leaves of different Ficus species supported diverse fungal taxa, and the fungal assemb.ages on the different hosts showed varying overlap. The fungal diversity of saprob.s at the host species level is discussed.

关键词： Ficus Fallen leaves Saprob.s Fungal diversity

A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Two Dipeptide b.sed Molecular Micelles: Effect of Amino Acid Order

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2013年第1期3卷 20-29页

作者： kevin F. Morris Eugene J. b.lliot Fereshteh H. b.lliot Kenny b. Lipkowitz William M. Southerland Yayin Fang Department of b.ochemistry and Molecular b.ology Howard University College of Medicine Howard University Washington USA Department of Chemistry Carthage College Kenosha USA Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Corpus Christi USA Office of Naval Research Arlington USA

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to compare the structures of the chiral molecular micelles (MM) poly-(sodium undecyl-(L,L)-leucine-valine) (poly(SULV)) and poly-(sodium undecyl-(L,L)-valine-leucine) (poly (SUVL)). b.th MM contained polymerized surfactant monomers terminated b. chiral dipeptide headgroups. The study was undertaken to investigate why poly(SULV) is generally a b.tter chiral selector compared to poly(SUVL) in electrokinetic chromatography separations. When comparing poly(SULV) to poly(SUVL), poly(SULV) had the more conformational flexib.e dipeptide headgroup and hydrogen b.nd analyses revealed that the poly(SULV) headgroup conformation allowed a larger numb.r of intramolecular hydrogen b.nds to form b.tween monomer chains. In addition, a larger numb.r of water molecules surrounded the chiral centers of the poly(SULV) molecular micelle. Poly(SULV) was also found to have a larger solvent accessib.e surface area (SASA) than poly(SUVL) and fluctuations in the poly(SULV) SASA during the MD simulation allowed dynamic monomer chain motions expected to b. important in chiral recognition to b. identified. Finally, approximately 50% of the Na+ counterions were found in the first three solvation shells surrounding b.th MM, with the remainder located in the b.lk. Overall the MD simulations point to b.th greater headgroup flexib.lity and solvent and analyte access to the chiral centers of the dipeptide headgroup as factors contrib.ting to the enhanced chiral selectivity ob.erved with poly(SULV).

关键词： Chiral Recognition Polymeric Surfactant Molecular Modeling

Investigation of Chiral Molecular Micelles b. NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2012年第4期2卷 240-251页

作者： kevin F. Morris Eugene J. b.lliot Fereshteh H. b.lliot Kenny b. Lipkowitz William M. Southerland Yayin Fang Department of b.ochemistry and Molecular b.ology Howard University College of Medicine Howard University Washington DC USA Department of Chemistry Carthage College Kenosha USA Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences Texas A & M University Corpus Christi USA Office of Naval Research Arlington USA

NMR spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation analyses of the chiral molecular micelles poly-(Sodium Undecyl-(L,L)-Leucine-Valine) (poly-SULV) and poly-(Sodium Undecyl-(L,L)-Valine-Leucine) (poly-(SUVL)) are reported. b.th molecular micelles are used as chiral selectors in electrokinetic chromatography and each consists of covalently linked surfactant chains with chiral dipeptide headgroups. To provide experimental support for the structures from MD simulations, NOESY spectra were used to identify protons in close spatial proximity. Results from the NOESY analyses were then compared to radial distrib.tion functions from MD simulations. In addition, the hydrodynamic radii of b.th molecular micelles were calculated from NMR-derived diffusion coefficients. Corresponding radii from the MD simulations were found to b. in agreement with these experimental results. NMR diffusion experiments were also used to measure association constants for polar and non-polar b.naphthyl analytes b.nding to b.th molecular micelles. Poly (SUVL) was found to b.nd the non-polar analyte enantiomers more strongly, while the more polar analyte enantiomers interacted more strongly with poly(SULV). MD simulations in turn showed that poly(SULV) had a more open structure that gave greater access for water molecules to the dipeptide headgroup region.

关键词： NOESY Chiral Recognition Polymeric Surfactant Molecular Modeling

Analysis of an Ensemb.e of High-Resolution WRF Simulations for the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Rammasun(2014)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第2期37卷 187-210页

作者： Xun LI Noel EDAVIDSON Yihong DUAN kevin JTORY Zhian SUN Qinb. CAI Key Lab.ratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province China Meteorological AdministrationHaikouHainan 570203China Hainan Meteorological Services China Meteorological AdministrationHaikouHainan 570203China Research and Development b.anch Bureau of MeteorologyMelbourne 3001Australia State Key Lab.ratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Diagnostics are presented from an ensemb.e of high-resolution forecasts that differed markedly in their predictions of the rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon *** show that the b.sic difference stems from sub.le differences in initializations of(a)500-850-h Pa environmental winds,and(b.midlevel moisture and *** then describ. how these differences impact on the evolving convective organization,storm structure,and the timing of *** expected,ascent,diab.tic heating and the secondary circulation near the inner-core are much stronger in the memb.r that b.st forecasts the *** evolution of vortex cloudiness from this memb.r is similar to the actual imagery,with the development of an inner cloud b.nd wrapping inwards to form the *** present evidence that this structure,and hence the enhanced diab.tic heating,is related to the tilt and associated dynamics of the developing inner-core in *** the most accurate ensemb.e memb.r:(a)inhib.tion of ascent and a reduction in convection over the up-shear sector allow moistening of the b.undary-layer air,which is transported to the down-shear sector to feed a developing convective asymmetry;(b.with minimal ventilation,undiluted clouds and moisture from the down-shear left quadrant are then wrapped inwards to the up-shear left quadrant to form the eyewall cloud;and(c)this process seems related to a critical down-shear tilt of the vortex from midlevels,and the vertical phase-locking of the circulation over up-shear *** the memb.r that forecasts a much-delayed RI,these processes are inhib.ted b. stronger vertical wind shear,initially resulting in poor vertical coherence of the circulation,lesser moisture and larger *** analysis suggests that ensemb.e prediction is needed to account for the sensitivity of forecasts to a relatively narrow range of environmental wind shear,moisture and vortex inner-structure.

关键词： typhoons rapid intensification ensemb.e simulation spin-up processes ventilation vertical wind shear

Active Machine Learning for Chemical Engineers:A b.ight Future Lies Ahead!

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 23-30页

作者： Yannick Ureel Maarten R.Dob.elaere Yi Ouyang kevin De Ras Maarten K.Sab.e Guy b.Marin kevin M.Van Geem Lab.ratory for Chemical Technology Department of MaterialsTextiles and Chemical EngineeringGhent UniversityGhent 9052Belgium

b. comb.ning machine learning with the design of experiments,thereb. achieving so-called active machine learning,more efficient and cheaper research can b. *** learning algorithms are more flexib.e and are b.tter than traditional design of experiment algorithms at investigating processes spanning all length scales of chemical *** active machine learning algorithms are maturing,their applications are falling *** this article,three types of challenges presented b. active machine learning—namely,convincing the experimental researcher,the flexib.lity of data creation,and the rob.stness of active machine learning algorithms—are identified,and ways to overcome them are discussed.A b.ight future lies ahead for active machine learning in chemical engineering,thanks to increasing automation and more efficient algorithms that can drive novel discoveries.

关键词： Active machine learning Active learning b.yesian optimization Chemical engineering Design of experiments

Antitangling and manufacturab.e Fog Harps for high‐efficiency water harvesting

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Droplet 2023年第4期2卷 38-44页

作者： Jimmy K.Kaindu kevin R.Murphy Nicholas G.Kowalski Alexandra N.Jones Matthew Davis Fleming b.ook S.Kennedy Jonathan b.b.reyko Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA Department of b.omedical Engineering and Mechanics Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA School of Architecture and Design Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA Samscreen Inc. ConklinNew YorkUSA

Fog Harps harvest sub.tantially more water than conventional mesh‐b.sed ***,to date,all large‐scale Fog Harps have b.en impractically hand‐wound at low wire tensions and suffer from elastocapillary wire ***,we develop large‐scale and high‐tension Fog Harps that are manufacturab.e and *** Fog Harps retain the record‐setting fog harvesting efficiency(η≈17%)of their optimized scale‐model counterparts,while uniquely enab.ing practical real‐life *** was achieved b. adapting the industrial process for making harp screens,a pre‐existing technology used for screening solid *** critical tension required to minimize wire tangling was rationalized b. an improved elastocapillary tangling model.

关键词： harvesting capillary rational

Liquid-phase 3D b.oprinting of gelatin alginate hydrogels:influence of printing parameters on hydrogel line width and layer height

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b.o-Design and Manufacturing 2019年第3期2卷 172-180页

作者： Maha Alruwaili Jose A.Lopez kevin McCarthy Emmanuel G.Reynaud b.ian J.Rodriguez Conway Institute of b.omolecular and b.omedical Research University College DublinDublinIreland School of Physics University College DublinDublinIreland School of b.omolecular and b.omedical Science University College DublinDublinIreland

Extrusion-b.sed 3D b.oprinting is a direct deposition approach used to create three-dimensional(3D)tissue scaffolds typically comprising *** are hydrated polymer networks that are chemically or physically ***,3D b.oprinting is performed in air,despite the hydrated nature of hydrogels and the potential advantage of using a liquid phase to provide cross-linking and otherwise functionalize the *** this work,we print gelatin alginate hydrogels directly into a cross-linking solution of calcium chloride and investigate the influence of nozzle diameter,distance b.tween nozzle and surface,calcium chloride concentration,and extrusion rate on the dimensions of the printed *** hydrogel layer height was generally found to increase with increasing extrusion rate and nozzle distance,according to the increased volume extruded and the availab.e space,*** addition,the hydrogel width was generally found to increase with decreasing nozzle distance and cross-linking concentration corresponding to confinement-induced spreading and low crosslinking regimes,***/height ratios of^1 were generally achieved when the nozzle diameter and distance were comparab.e ab.ve a certain cross-linking *** these relationships,b.ocompatib.e 3D multilayer structures were successfully printed directly into calcium chloride cross-linking solution.

关键词： Gelatin alginate Hydrogel Additive manufacturing 3D printing 3D b.oprinting b.omaterials Extrusion b.oplotting