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Protecting the photosynthetic performance of snap bean under free air ozone exposure

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 31-40页

作者： Lu Zhang Yasutomo Hoshika Elisa Carrari kent o.burkey Elena Paoletti College of Horticulture Northeast Agricultural University Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection National Research Council Plant Science Research Unit USDA-ARS

Tropospheric ozone（o3） is a major air pollutant and causes serious injury to vegetation. To protect sensitive plants from o3 damage, several agrochemicals have been assessed,including cytokinin（e.g., kinetin, KIN） and ethylenediurea（EDU） with cytokinin-like *** higher plant, leaves are primarily injured by o3 and protective agrochemicals are often applied by leaf spraying. To our knowledge, the mitigating abilities of EDU and KIN have not been compared directly in a realistic setup. In the present research, impacts of elevated o3（2 × ambient o3, 24 hr per day, for 8 days） on an o3 sensitive line（S156） of snap bean（Phaseolus vulgaris）, which is often used for biomonitoring o3 pollution, were studied in a free air controlled exposure system. The day before starting the o3 exposure, plants were sprayed with a solution of EDU（300 ppm）, KIN（1 mmol/L） or distilled water, to compare their protective abilities. The results demonstrated that 2 × ambient o3 inhibited net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, increased the minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state, decreased the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, and led to visible injury. KIN and EDU alleviated the reduction of the photosynthetic performance, and visible injury under o3 fumigation. The plants sprayed with EDU showed greater ability to mitigate the o3 damage than those sprayed with KIN. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging may have detected more precisely the differences in o3 response across the leaf than the conventional fluorometer.

关键词： Ethylenediurea Free air controlled exposure Kinetin ozone Phaseolus vulgaris

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Controlled drainage in the Nile River delta of Egypt:a promising approach for decreasing drainage off-site effects and enhancing yield and water use efficiency of wheat

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第4期15卷 460-476页

作者： Mohamed K EL-GHANNAM Fatma WASSAR Sabah MoRSY Mohamed HAFEZ Chiter M PARIHAR kent o burkey Ahmed M ABDALLAH Soil Water and Environment Research InstituteAgricultural Research CenterGiza 12112Egypt Higher Institute of Water Sciences and Techniques of Gabès University of GabèsGabès 6072Tunisia Institute of Arid Regions Medenine 4119Tunisia Crop Science Department Faculty of AgricultureDamanhour UniversityDamanhour 22516Egypt Land and Water Technologies Department Arid Lands Cultivation Research InstituteCity of Scientific Research and Technological ApplicationsNew Borg El-Arab 21934Egypt Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI) New Delhi 110012India United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)-Agricultural Research Services(ARS) Plant Science Research UnitNorth Carolina 27607USA Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering Department Faculty of AgricultureDamanhour UniversityDamanhour 22516Egypt

North Africa is one of the most regions impacted by water *** implementation of controlled drainage(CD)in the northern Nile River delta of Egypt is one strategy to decrease irrigation,thus alleviating the negative impact of water *** study investigated the impacts of CD at different levels on drainage outflow,water table level,nitrate loss,grain yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of various wheat *** levels of CD,i.e.,0.4 m below the soil surface(CD-0.4)and 0.8 m below the soil surface(CD-0.8),were compared with subsurface free drainage(SFD)at 1.2 m below the soil surface(SFD-1.2).Under each drainage treatment,four wheat cultivars were grown for two growing seasons(November 2018–April 2019 and November 2019–April 2020).Compared with SFD-1.2,CD-0.4 and CD-0.8 decreased irrigation water by 42.0%and 19.9%,drainage outflow by 40.3%and 27.3%,and nitrate loss by 35.3%and 20.8%,*** CD treatments,plants absorbed a significant portion of their evapotranspiration from shallow groundwater(22.0%and 8.0%for CD-0.4 and CD-0.8,respectively).All wheat cultivars positively responded to CD treatments,and the highest grain yield and straw yield were obtained under CD-0.4 *** the initial soil salinity as a reference,the soil salinity under CD-0.4 treatment increased two-fold by the end of the second growing season without negative impacts on wheat *** the drainage system by raising the outlet elevation and considering shallow groundwater contribution to crop evapotranspiration promoted water-saving and *** responses could be obtained based on the different plant tolerance to salinity and water stress,crop characteristics,and growth ***-specific soil salinity management practices will be required to avoid soil salinization due to the adoption of long-term shallow groundwater in Egypt and other similar agroecosystems.

关键词： drainage ratio nitrate loss water use efficiency yield soil salinity Nile River delta

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Quantitative trait loci associated with soybean seed weight and composition under different phosphorus levels

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第3期60卷 232-241页

作者： Gokhan Hacisalihoglu Amy L.Burton Jeffery L.Gustin Selim Eker Safiye Asikli Elif Hakli Heybet Levent ozturk Ismail Cakmak Atilla Yazici kent o.burkey James orf A.Mark Settles Department of Biological Sciences Florida A&M UniversityTallahasseeFL 32307USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServicePlant Science Research UnitRaleighNC 27607USA Horticultural Science Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Soil Science&Plant Nutrition Cukurova University01330 AdanaTurkey Faculty of Engineering&Natural Sciences Sabanci University34956 IstanbulTurkey Department of Agronomy&Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Seed size and composition are important traits in food crops and can be affected by nutrient availability in the soil. Phosphorus （P） is a non-renewable, essential macronutrient, and P deficiency limits soybean （G1ycine max） yield and quality. To investigate the associations of seed traits in low- and high-P environ- ments, soybean recombinant inbred lines （RILs） from a cross of cultivars Fiskeby III and Mandarin （ottawa） were grown under contrasting P availability environments. Traits including individual seed weight, seed number, and intact mature pod weight were significantly affected by soil P levels and showed transgressive segregation among the RILs. Surprisingly, P treatments did not affect seed composition or weight, suggesting that soybeanmaintains sufficient P in seeds even in Iow-P soil. Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） were detected for seed weight, intact pods, seed volume, and seed protein, with five significant QTLs identified in Iow-P environments and one significant QTL found in the optimaI-P environment. Broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.78 （individual seed weight）, *** （seed protein）, 0.34 （seed oil）, and 0.98 （seed number）. The QTLs identified under low P point to genetic regions that may be useful to improve soybean performance under limiting P conditions.

关键词： Qian Qian China National Rice Research Institute China

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Ethylenediurea（EDU） pretreatment alleviated the adverse effects of elevated o3 on Populus alba "Berolinensis" in an urban area

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第10期31卷 42-50页

作者： Sheng Xu Xingyuan He kent burkey Wei Chen Pin Li Yan Li Bo Li Yijing Wang Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Plant Science Research Unit USDA-ARS Raleigh NC 27616 USA Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Ethylenediurea(EDU)has been used as a chemical protectant against ozone(o3).However,its protective effect and physiological mechanisms are still *** present study aimed to investigate the changes of foliar visible injury,physiological characteristics and emission rates of volatile organic compounds(VoCs)in one-year-old Populus alba"Berolinensis"saplings pretreated with EDU and exposed to elevated o3(Eo,120μg/m3).The results showed that foliar visible injury symptoms under Eo were significantly alleviated in plants with EDU application(po,net photosynthetic rate,the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and the photochemical efficiency of PSII of plants pretreated with 300 and600 mg/L EDU were similar to unexposed controls and significantly higher compared to Eostressed plants without EDU pretreatment,*** content was highest in Eo without EDU and decreased significantly by 14.9%and 21.3%with 300 and600 mg/L EDU pretreatment,*** pretreatment alone increased superoxide dismutase activity by 10-fold in unexposed plants with further increases of 88.4%and 37.5%in Eo plants pretreated with 300 and 600 mg/L EDU pretreatment,respectively(pontent declined under Eo relative to unexposed controls with the effect partially reversed by EDU ***,VoCs emission rate declined under Eo relative to unexposed plants with a recovery of emission rate observed with 300 and 600 mg/L EDU *** findings provided significant evidence that EDU exerted a beneficial effect and protection on the tested plants against o3 stress.

关键词： Ground-level o3 Foliar visible injury open top chambers(oTCs) Poplar VoC emission

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The ozone Component of Global Change:Potential Effects on Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Yield,Product Quality and Interactions with Invasive Species

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第4期51卷 337-351页

作者： Fitzgerald Booker Russell Muntifering Margaret McGrath kent burkey Dennis Decoteau Edwin Fiscus William Manning Sagar Krupa Arthur Chappelka David Grantz United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unitand Department of Crop Science NorthCarolina State UniversityRaleigh North Carolina 27695 USA Department of Animal Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburn Alabama 36849 USA Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Long Island Horticultural Research Extension Center Cornell UniversityRiverheadNew York 11901 USA Department of Horticulture Pennsylvania State UniversityState College Pennsylvania 16802 USA Department of Plant Soil and Insect Sciences University of Massachusetts AmherstMassachusetts 01003 USA Department of Plant Pathology University of MinnesotaSt. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburn Alabama 36849 USA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiverside California 92521 USA

The productivity, product quality and competitive ability of important agricultural and horticultural plants in many regions of the world may be adversely affected by current and anticipated concentrations of ground-level ozone （o_3）. Exposure to elevated o_3 typically results in suppressed photosynthesis, accelerated senescence, decreased growth and lower yields. Various approaches used to evaluate o_3 effects generally concur that current yield losses range from 5% to 15% among sensitive plants. There is, however, considerable genetic variability in plant responses to o_3.

关键词： climate change crop forage horticultural plant ozone product quality weedyield.

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Recent advancements of photo-and electro-active hydrogenbonded organic frameworks

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第11期65卷 2077-2095页

作者： Xiangyu Gao Wanyue Lu Yao Wang Xiyu Song Cheng Wang kent o.Kirlikovali Peng Li Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIlinois 60208United States

The development of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HoFs) with predictable topologies and robust structures for targeted functionality was initially hindered by the relatively weak H-bonding interactions as many HoFs would collapse upon guest solvent removal. Recently, the design of tectons with large π-conjugated systems that form intermolecular shape-fitted π-πstacking interactions has proven to be an effective strategy to create chemically and thermally stable HoFs. More importantly,these HoFs with large π-conjugated tectons exhibit accelerated redox hopping processes due to more favorable through-space orbital overlap interactions. These intrinsic photoelectric properties render HoFs an appealing and unique class of photoactive and electroactive porous materials for catalysis, sensing, and biomedical applications. Based on shape-fitted π-π stacking strategy, various robust photoactive and electroactive HoFs have been built from tectons containing both photosensitive or redox-active organic cores and hydrogen bonding sites. This review summarizes the recent advancements, including synthetic methods and diverse applications, in the development of photo-and electro-active HoFs. Considering the numerous photo-and electro-active organic units available, as well as the virtually unlimited potential combinations of organic cores and hydrogen bonding sites, we anticipate that this review will inspire scientists in a range of disciplines, ranging from porous materials to organic photoelectric materials and catalysis scientists, to further explore functional photo-and electro-active HoF materials.

关键词： hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks photo-active electro-active HoF materials

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Greenhouse gases fluxes and soil thermal properties in a pasture in central Missouri

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1029-1039页

作者： Nsalambi Vakanda Nkongolo Shane Johnson kent Schmidt Frieda Eivazi Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural Science Lincoln University Harvard Forest Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harvard University

Fluctuations of greenhouse gases emissions and soil properties occur at short spatial and temporal scales, however, results are often reported for larger scales studies. We monitored Co2, CH4, and N2o fluxes and soil temperature （T）, thermal conductivity （K）, resistivity （R） and thermal diffusivity （D） from 2004 to 2006 in a pasture. Soil air samples for determination of Co2, CH4 and N2o concentrations were collected from static and vented chambers and analyzed within two hours of collection with a gas chromatograph. T, K, R and D were measured in-situ using a KD2 probe. Soil samples were also taken for measurements of soil chemical and physical properties. The pasture acted as a sink in 2004, a source in 2005 and again a sink of CH4 in 2006. Co2 and CH4 were highest, but N2o as well as T, K and D were lowest in 2004. only K was correlated with C02 in 2004 while T correlated with both N2o （r = 0.76, p = 0.0001） and Co2 （r = 0.88, p = 0.0001） in 2005. In 2006, all gases fluxes were significantly correlated with T, K and R when the data for the entire year were considered. However, an in-depth examination of the data revealed the existence of month-to-month shifts, lack of correlation and differing spatial structures. These results stress the need for further studies on the relationship between soil properties and gases fluxes. K and R offer a promise as potential controlling factors for greenhouse gases fluxes in this pasture.

关键词： greenhouse gases soil thermal properties fluxes

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Predictability of US tornado outbreak seasons using ENSo and northern hemisphere geopotential height variability

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第1期7卷 21-31页

作者： kent H.Sparrow Andrew E.Mercer Department of Geosciences Mississippi State University

The predictability of dangerous atmospheric phenomena such as tornado outbreaks has generally been limited to a week or less. However, recent work has demonstrated the importance of the Rossby wavetrain phasing over the United States in establishing outbreak-favorable environments. The predictability of Rossby wavetrain phasing is strongly related to numerous climate-scale interannual variability indices, which are predictable many months in advance. To formalize the relationship between interannual variability indices and seasonal tornado outbreak frequency, indices derived from monthly mean Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa and 1000-hPa geopotential height fields and Ni？o 3.4 indices for ENSo phase were compared to annual tornado outbreak seasonal frequencies. Statistical models predicting seasonal outbreak frequency were established using linear（stepwise multivariate linear regressione SMLR） and nonlinear（support vector regressione SVR） statistical modeling *** stepwise methodology revealed predictors that are important in establishing outbreak-favorable environments at long lead times. Additionally, the results of the statistical modeling revealed that the nonlinear SVR technique reduced root mean square errors produced by the control SMLR technique by 28% and provided more consistent forecasts. A preliminary physical analysis revealed that years with high outbreak frequencies were associated with the presence of 500-mb troughs over the central and western US during the peak of outbreak season, while lower frequencies were consistent with ridging over the US or northwest flow over the Plains. These patterns support the results of the statistical modeling, which demonstrate the utility of geopotential height variability as a predictability measure of outbreak frequency.

关键词： Interannual variability Support vector regression Climate predictability Tornado outbreaks

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Protection against Chemical Warfare Agents and Biological Threats Using Metal−organic Frameworks as Active Layers

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Accounts of Materials Research 2023年第2期4卷 168-179页

作者： Kaikai Ma Yuk Ha Cheung kent o.Kirlikovali Xiaoliang Wang Timur Islamoglu John H.Xin omar K.Farha International Institute for Nanotechnology Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwesternand Department of ChemistryNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208United States Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology School of Fashion and TextilesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon 999077 Hong Kong SARP.R.China

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outbreak and the unfortunate misuse of toxic chemical warfare agents(CWAs)highlight the importance of developing functional materials to protect against these chemical and pathogen ***−organic frameworks(MoFs),which comprise a tunable class of crystalline porous materials built from inorganic nodes and organic linkers,have emerged as a class of heterogeneous catalysts capable of rapid detoxification of multiple classes of these harmful chemical or biological *** particular,zirconium-based MoFs(Zr-MoFs)feature Lewis acidic nodes that serve as active sites for a wide range of catalytic reactions,including the hydrolysis of organophosphorus nerve agents within seconds in basic aqueous *** addition,postsynthetic modification of Zr-MoFs enables the release of active species capable of reacting with and deactivating harmful *** this impressive performance,utilizing Zr-MoFs in powder form is not practical for application in masks or protective *** address this challenge,our team sought to develop MoF/fiber composite systems that could be adapted for use under realistic operating conditions to protect civilians,military personnel,and first responders from harmful pathogens and chemical warfare *** the last several years,our group has designed and fabricated reactive and biocidal MoF/fiber composites that effectively capture and deactivate these toxic *** this Account,we describe the evolution of these porous and reactive MoF/fiber composites and focus on key design challenges and ***,we devised a scalable method for the integration of Zr-MoFs onto textile substrates using aqueous precursor solutions and without using pretreated textiles,highlighting the potential scalability of this *** beyond standard textiles,we also developed a microbial synthesis strategy to prepare hierarchically porous MoF/bacterial cellulose nanofiber composite sponges that can both captu

关键词： composites protective porous

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Dilution sampling and analysis of particulate matter in biomass-derived syngas

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011年第3期5卷 320-330页

作者： Xiaoliang WANG Curtis RoBBINS S.kent HoEKMAN Judith C.CHoW John G.WATSoN Dennis SCHUETZLE Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute(DRI)RenoNV 89512USA Renewable Energy Institute International(REII)McClellanCA 95652USA

Thermochemical biomass gasification,followedby conversion of the produced syngas to fuels andelectrical power,is a promising energy *** of particulate matter(PM)and othercontaminants in the syngas is important to minimizedamage and ensure efficient operation of the engines itpowers and the fuels created from it.A dilution samplingsystem is demonstrated to quantify PM in syngas generatedfrom two gasification plants utilizing different biomassfeedstocks:a BioMax®15 Biopower System that uses rawand torrefied woodchips as feedstocks,and an integratedbiorefinery(IBR)that uses rice hulls and woodchips ***_(2.5)mass concentrations in syngas from theIBR downstream of the purification system were 12.8-13.7μg·m^(-3),which were significantly lower than themaximum level for catalyst protection(500μg·m^(-3))andwere 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than those inBioMax®15 syngas(2247-4835μg·m^(-3)).Ultrafine particlenumber concentration and PM_(2.5)chemical constituentswere also much lower in the IBR syngas than in theBioMax®*** dilution sampling system enabledreliable measurements over a wide range of concentrations:the use of high sensitivity instruments allowed measurementat very low concentrations(~1μg·m^(-3)),while theflexibility of dilution minimized sampling problems thatare commonly encountered due to high levels of tars in rawsyngas(~1 g·m^(-3)).

关键词： dilution source sampling syngas characterization biomass gasification ultrafine particles

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