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Annual survival and site fidelity of free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): comparative demography before (1983- 1992) and after (1993-2005) spatial confinement

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第1期9卷 24-33页

作者： Stephen l.WEBB kenneth l.gee The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation ArdmoreOklahoma USA

Survival and movement are important demographic variables influencing the dynamics of large herbivores with implications for management and evolution of life-history *** practices such as spatial con-finement and harvest regulation attempt to control survival and movement for the sustainability of harvested deer populations,but a paucity of long-term data exists on these management *** examined annual survival and site fidelity of free-ranging white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus)over 10 years(1983-1992)to compare demographic parameters after spatial confinement(1993-2005).We used capture records(n=174;104 females,70 males),marked deer recaptures(n=42),and dead recoveries(n=68)to estimate sex-specif-ic,age-specific and time-specific *** found that annual female survival was 50%from 1983-1987 during a period of intense harvest,but increased to 93.7%after intense harvesting was *** to spa-tial confinement,annual survival of marked male deer averaged 36.7%-42.5%.After spatial confinement,annu-al survival increased on average for males(58%-99%)and females(77%-98%).Females showed high levels of site fidelity(>99%)prior to spatial confinement,whereas males showed much less site fidelity(≤4.5%for the 2 top-ranking models).During spatial confinement,the semi-impermeable fence effectively increased site fidelity of males(≥56%).These results stem from long-term study(23 years)of a large herbivore experiencing changes to life-history,resulting from changes in management that were applied to the population and aimed at altering population demographics,for sustainability of a harvestable population of deer.

关键词： conservation deer fidelity mortality Odocoileus virginianus population dynamics

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Well-Posedness of Stochastic Continuity Equations on Riemannian Manifolds

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第1期45卷 81-122页

作者： luca GAlIMBERTI kenneth H.KARlSEN Department of Mathematical Sciences NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway Department of mathematics University of OsloP.O.Box 1053BlindernN-0316 OsloNorway

The authors analyze continuity equations with Stratonovich stochasticity,■ρ+divh[ρo(u(t,x)+∑_(i=1)^(N)a_(i)(x)w_(i)(t))]=0defined on a smooth closed Riemannian manifold M with metric *** velocity field u is perturbed by Gaussian noise terms Wi(t),:WN(t)driven by smooth spatially dependent vector fields a1(x),...,aN(x)on *** velocity u belongs to l_(t)^(1)W_(x)^(1,2)with divh u bounded in lf,for p>d+2,where d is the dimension of M(they do not assume div_(h) u∈l_(t,x)^(∞)).For carefully chosen noise vector fields ai(and the number N of them),they show that the initial-value problem is well-posed in the class of weak l^(2) solutions,although the problem can be ill-posed in the deterministic case because of concentration *** proof of this“regularization by noise”result is based on a l^(2) estimate,which is obtained by a duality method,and a weak compactness argument.

关键词： Stochastic continuity equation Riemannian manifold Hyperbolic equa-tion Non-smooth velocity field Weak solution Existence Uniqueness

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Chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 treatment roadmap for resource constrained settings

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第6期21卷 1972-1981页

作者： Seng gee lim Department of Gastroenterology and Hepa-tology Department of Medicine National University Health System Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore

AIM:To use existing hepatitis C virus(HCV)antiviral therapies as access to new treatments is ***:A Pub Med search for randomised control trials or meta-analysis related to response-guided therapy of HCV genotype 1 patients was undertaken using pegylated interferon and ribavirin(PR),boceprevir(B)and telaprevir(T)and lead-in where responseguided therapy at TW4(TW4),8(TW8),10(TW10),or12(TW12)based on HCVRNA(+)or HCVRNA(-).Studies presented at major conferences were also *** necessary,a post-hoc analysis was performed.A response-guided management roadmap was created based on sustained virological response(SVR).RESUlTS:Starting with PR,those with HCVRNA(-)at TW4 have>86%SVR,while those are HCVRNA(+)have 34%-41.7%***(-)TW4 patients can have 24 wk PR if HCVRNAlar *** HCVRNA(+)at TW4,72 wk PR leads to 53%SVR,hence BPR is a better option,and if HCVRNA(-)by TW8,28 wk therapy is *** HCVRNA(+)at TW8,then HCVRNA should be checked at TW10 and *** TW12,HCVRNA≥100 IU/m l activates the stopping *** roadmap is applicable for treatment-na?ve,treatment failures and cirrhotic *** from an Asia Pacific early access boceprevir program confirmed the findings that HCVRNA(-)at TW4,or TW8 conferred>80%SVR,leading to the"80-80"***:Using a roadmap based on HCVRNA(-)at TW4 or TW8(the"80-80"rule),high SVR can be achieved,and guide the best choices for treatment,and also reduces drug exposure in poor responders.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C hepatitis C virus RNA Sustaine

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OTX2 signaling in retinal dysfunction,degeneration and regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 2002-2003页

作者： kenneth.l.Moya Raoul Torero Ibad Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology(CIRB) Collège de FranceCNRS UMR 7241INSERM U1050Labex MemoLifePSL Research UniversityParisFrance(Moya KLIbad RT)Univ.LilleCNRSUMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et MoléculesF-59000 LilleFrance(Ibad RT)

The protein OTX2 in the retina is necessary for the maintenance of normal physiologic processes,and may be a promising therapeutic agent for some ophthalmic *** this Perspective,we first shortly introduce the organization of the retina and the importance of OTX2 *** then present an example of reduced OTX2 activity in the developed retina associated with structural and functional *** next show that homeoproteins can have neuroprotective *** finally review several clear examples of OTX2 non-cell autonomous activity in the retina and the effects of diminishing or providing extracellular OTX2.

关键词： expression. functions. agent

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Dendritic cells in cancer immunology

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第1期19卷 3-13页

作者： Theresa l.Murphy kenneth M.Murphy Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University in St.LouisSchool of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA

The clinical success of immune checkpoint therapy(ICT)has produced explosive growth in tumor immunology research because ICT was discovered through basic studies of immune *** of the current translational efforts are aimed at enhancing ICT by identifying therapeutic targets that synergize with CTlA4 or PD1/PD-l1 blockade and are solidly developed on the basis of currently accepted *** these principles through continuous basic research may help broaden translational *** this mindset,we focused this review on three threads of basic research directly relating to mechanisms underlying ***,this review covers three aspects of dendritic cell(DC)biology connected with antitumor immune responses but are not specifically oriented toward therapeutic ***,we review recent advances in the development of the cDC1 subset of DCs,identifying important features distinguishing these cells from other types of ***,we review the antigen-processing pathway called cross-presentation,which was discovered in the mid-1970s and remains an *** pathway serves an essential in vivo function unique to cDC1s and may be both a physiologic bottleneck and therapeutic ***,we review the longstanding field of helper cells and the related area of DC licensing,in which CD4 T cells influence the strength or quality of CD8 T cell *** topic is connected with ICT in some manner but is also a fundamental aspect of cell-mediated immunity directed toward intracellular pathogens.

关键词： Dendritic cells transcription factors cross-presentation tumor rejection CD4 help

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Technology advancing the study of animalcognition： using virtual reality to presentvirtually simulated environments to investigatenonhuman primate spatial cognition

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 97-108页

作者： Francine l. DOlINS kenneth SCHWEllER Scott MIlNE Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn MI 48128 USA Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative Des Moines IA USA Impact Madagascar Nanisana Antananarivo 101Madagascar Africa

Virtual simulated environments provide multiple ways of testing cognitive function and evaluatingproblem solving with humans （e.g., Woollett et al. 2009）. The use of such interactive technologyhas increasingly become an essential part of modern life （e.g., autonomously driving vehicles, glo-bal positioning systems （GPS）, and touchscreen computers; Chinn and Fairlie 2007; Brown 2011）.While many nonhuman animals have their own forms of technology, such as chimpanzees whocreate and use tools, in captive animal environments the opportunity to actively participate withinteractive technology is not often made available. Exceptions can be found in some state-of-the-art zoos and laboratory facilities （e.g., Mallavarapu and Kuhar 2005）. When interactive technologyis available, captive animals often selectively choose to engage with it. This enhances the animal＇ssense of control over their immediate surroundings （e.g., Clay et al. 2011; Ackerman 2012）. Suchself-efficacy may help to fulfill basic requirements in a species＇ daily activities using problem solv-ing that can involve foraging and other goal-oriented behaviors. It also assists in fulfilling thestrong underlying motivation for contrafreeloading and exploration expressed behaviorally bymany species in captivity （Young 1999）. Moreover, being able to present nonhuman primates vir-tual reality environments under experimental conditions provides the opportunity to gain insightinto their navigational abilities and spatial cognition. It allows for insight into the generation andapplication of internal mental representations of landmarks and environments under multiple con-ditions （e.g., small- and large-scale space） and subsequent spatial behavior. This paper reviewsmethods using virtual reality developed to investigate the spatial cognitive abilities of nonhumanprimates, and great apes in particular, in comparison with that of humans of multiple age *** make recommendations about training, best practices, and also pi

关键词： animal cognition, apes, bonobos, chimpanzees, nonhuman primates, spatial cognition, virtual reality.

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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski Jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia l. Jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (l.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

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Evolutionary Genomics of Weedy Rice in the USA

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第6期49卷 811-816页

作者： kenneth M. Olsen Ana l. Caicedo Yulin Jia Department of Biology Washington University St Louis MO 63130 USA Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center Stuttgart AR 72160 USA

Red rice Is an Interfertlle, weedy form of cultivated rice （Oryza sativa l.） that competes aggressively with the crop In the southern US, reducing yields and contaminating harvests. No wild Oryza species occur In North America and the weed has been proposed to have evolved through multiple mechanisms, Including ＂de-domestication＂ of US crop cultlvars, accidental introduction of Asian weeds, and hybridization between US crops and Asian wild/weedy Oryza strains. The phenotype of US red rice ranges from ＂crop mimics＂, which share some domestication traits with the crop, to strains closely resembling Asian wild Oryza species. Assessments of genetic diversity have Indicated that many weed strains are closely related to Asian taxa （Including indica and aus rice varieties, which have never been cultivated In the US, and the Asian crop progenitor O. ruflpogon）, whereas others show genetic similarity to the tropical Japonica varieties cultivated In the southern US. Herein, we review what Is known about the evolutionary origins and genetic diversity of US red rice and describe an ongoing research project to further characterize the evolutionary genomlcs of this aggressive weed.

关键词： crop-weed introgression de-domestication Oryza sativa weed evolution weedy rice.

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A decision framework for identifying models to estimate forest ecosystem services gains from restoration

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 126-137页

作者： Zachary l. Christin kenneth J. Bagstad Michael A. Verdone Earth Economics 107 N Tacoma Ave Tacoma WA 98403 USA. U.S. Geological Survey Geosciences & Environmental Change Science Center Box 25046 MS 980 Denver CO 80225 USA. International Union for the Conservation of Nature 1630 Connecticut Ave. NW #300 Washington DC 20009 USA.

Restoring degraded forests and agricultural lands has become a global conservation priority. A growing number of tools can quantify ecosystem service tradeoffs associated with forest restoration. This evolving ＂tools landscape＂ presents a dilemma： more tools are available, but selecting appropriate tools has become more challenging. We present a Restoration Ecosystem Service Tool Selector （RESTS） framework that describes key characteristics of 13 ecosystem service assessment tools. Analysts enter information about their decision context, services to be analyzed, and desired outputs. Tools are filtered and presented based on five evaluative criteria： scalability, cost, time requirements, handling of uncertainty, and applicability to benefit-cost analysis. RESTS uses a spreadsheet interface but a web-based interface is planned. Given the rapid evolution of ecosystem services science, RESTS provides an adaptable framework to guide forest restoration decision makers toward tools that can help quantify ecosystem services in support of restoration.

关键词： Decision support Ecosystem services Forest restoration Modeling Valuation Comparative toolsassessment

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OTX2 stimulates adult retinal ganglion cell regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 690-696页

作者： Raoul Torero Ibad Nicole Quenech’du Alain Prochiantz kenneth l.Moya Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology(CIRB) Collége de FranceCNRS UMR 7241INSERM U1050Labex MemoLifeParis Sciences et Lettres Research UniversityParisFrance

Retinal ganglion cell(RGC) axons provide the only link between the light sensitive and photon transducing neural retina and visual centers of the *** axon degeneration occurs in a number of blinding diseases and the ability to stimulate axon regeneration from surviving ganglion cells could provide the anatomic substrate for restoration of ***2 is a homeoprotein transcription factor expressed in the retina and previous studies showed that,in response to stress,exogenous OTX2 increases the in vitro and in vivo survival of *** we examined and quantified the effects of OTX2 on adult RGC axon regeneration in vitro and in *** results show that exogenous OTX2 stimulates the regrowth of axons from RGCs in cultures of dissociated adult retinal cells and from explants of adult retinal tissue and that RGCs respond directly to OTX2 as regrowth is observed in cultures of purified adult rat ***,after nerve crush in vivo,we observed a positive effect of OTX2 on the number of regenerating axons up to the optic chiasm within 14 days post crush and a very modest level of acuity absent in control *** effect of OTX2 on RGC survival and regeneration is of potential interest for degenerative diseases affecting this cell *** animal procedures were approved by the local "Comié d'éιthique en expérimentation animale n°59" and authorization n° 00702.01 delivered March 28,2014 by the French "Ministére de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche".

关键词： axon regeneration dissociated retinal culture GAP-43 homeoprotein optic nerve crush OTX2 retinal explants retinal ganglion cell

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