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Effect of Gongronema latifolium on gastric emptying in healthy dogs

world Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第6期19卷 897-902页

作者： Sylvester O Ogbu kenneth k Agwu Isaac U Asuzu Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences and TechnologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nigeria Enugu CampusEnugu State 400001Nigeria Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Nigeria Nsukka CampusEnugu State 400001Nigeria

AIM:To investigate sonographically the effect of Gonogronema latifolium (***) on gastric emptying of semi-solid meals in healthy ***:In a randomized,placebo-controlled experiment,twenty-five clinically healthy dogs were randomly allotted into five groups of five dogs in each *** placebo group served as the control,and the low,moderate and high dose groups ingested the methanolic leaf extract of *** in capsules at 100 mg/kg,250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg,respectively,while the prokinetic group ingested 0.5 mg/kg capsules of *** a 12-h fast,each group ingested its treatment capsules 30 min before the administration of a test *** of gastric emptying and blood glucoselevels were obtained 30 min before and immediately after the ingestion of the test meal and thereafter every 15 min for 4 *** was followed by further measurements every 30 min for another 2 ***:The gastric emptying times of the placebo,low dose,moderate dose,high dose and prokinetic dose groups were 127.0 ± 8.2 min,135.5 ± 3.7 min,155.5 ± 3.9 min,198.0 ± 5.3 min and 59.0 ± 2.5 min,*** emptying times of the moderate and high dose groups were significantly slower than in the placebo control group (155.5 ± 3.9 min,198.0 ± 5.3 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min,P=0.000).No significant difference in gastric emptying between the low dose and placebo control groups was noted (135.5 ± 3.7 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min,P=0.072).Gastric emptying of the prokinetic group was significantly faster than that of the control group (59.0 ± 2.5 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min,P=0.000).The hypoglycaemic effect of *** and gastric emptying were inversely related (r=-0.95,P=0.000).CONCLUSION:*** delays gastric emptying and lowers postprandial blood glucose in healthy *** reduces the postprandial blood glucose by delaying gastric emptying.

关键词： Gonogronema latifolium Gastric emptying Sonography Postprandial blood glucose Semi-solid meals

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Targeting the core of neurodegeneration:FoxO,mTOR,and SIRT1

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 448-455页

作者： kenneth Maiese Cellular and Molecular Signaling New York New YorkNYUSA

The global increase in lifespan noted not only in developed nations,but also in large developing countries parallels an observed increase in a significant number of noncommunicable diseases,most notable neurodegenerative *** disorders present a number of challenges for treatment options that do not resolve disease ***,it is believed by the year 2030,the services required to treat cognitive disorders in the United States alone will exceed$2 trillion *** forkhead transcription factors,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1(Saccharomyces cerevisiae),the mechanistic target of rapamycin,and the pathways of autophagy and apoptosis offer exciting avenues to address these challenges by focusing upon core cellular mechanisms that may significantly impact nervous system *** pathways are intimately linked such as through cell signaling pathways involving protein kinase B and can foster,sometimes in conjunction with trophic factors,enhanced neuronal survival,reduction in toxic intracellular accumulations,and mitochondrial *** mechanisms among these pathways also exist that can oversee reparative processes in the nervous ***,mammalian forkhead transcription factors,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1,mechanistic target of rapamycin,and autophagy can lead to cellular demise under some scenarios that may be dependent upon the precise cellular environment,warranting future studies to effectively translate these core pathways into successful clinical treatment strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease apoptosis autophagy erythropoietin forkhead FoxO mechanistic target of rapamycin silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

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In vivo percutaneous reflectance spectroscopy of fatty liver development in rats suggests that the elevation of the scattering power is an early indicator of hepatic steatosis

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2018年第4期11卷 53-71页

作者： Daqing Piao Jerry w.Ritchey GReed Holyoak Corey R.wall Nigar Sultana Jill k.Murray kenneth E.Bartels School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University 202 Engineering South StillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Center for Veterinary Health Sciences 002 VTH Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Veterinary Pathobiology Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University 250 McElroy Hall StillwaterOK 74078USA Graduate Program on Interdisciplinary Sciences Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078USA

This study assessed whether there was a scat tering spectral mar ker quantifiable by reflectance measurements that could indicate early development of hepatic steatosis in rats for potential applications to pre procurement organ *** rats were fed a methionine choline-deficient(MCD)diet and eight rats were fed a normal *** assessment of the liver parenchyma of rats in vivo was performed by percut aneous reflect ance spectroscopy using a single fiber probe at the beginning of diet-intake and arbitrary post-diet-intake times up to 11 weeks to render longitudinal *** sampling of the liver over the duration of diet adm inistration was performed on two MCD diet treated rats and one control rat eutha-nized after reflectance spectroscopy *** images of hematoxylin/eosin-stained liver specimens were analyzed morphometrically to evahuate the lipid size changes associated with the level of *** MCD-diet-treated group(n=16)had mild steatosis in seven rats,moderate in three rats,severe in six rats,and no other significant *** control rats(n=8)developed hepatic *** the parameters retrieved from per-SfS,only the scat tering power(can be either positive or negative)appeared to be statist ically diferent between MCD-treated and control *** scattering power for the 16 MCD-diet-treated livers at the time of euthanasia and presenting various levels of steatosis was 033±0.21,in comparison to 0.036±0.25 of the eight control livers(p=0.0189).when evaluated at days 12 and 13 combined,the scattering power of the 16 MCD-diet-treated livers was 032±0.17,in comparison to 0.10±0.11 of the eight control livers(p=0.0017).All of four MCD-treated livers harvested at days 12 and 13 presented mild steatosis with sub-micron size lipid droplets,even though none of the MCD-treated livers were sonogr aphically remarkable for fatty *** elevation of the scattering power may be a valuable marker indicating ear

关键词： Hepatic steatosis difuse reflect ance spectroscopy liver transplant

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High-contrast,fast chemical imaging by coherent Raman scattering using a self-synchronized two-colour fibre laser

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1775-1786页

作者： Cihang kong Christian Pilger Henning Hachmeister Xiaoming wei Tom H.Cheung Cora S.w.Lai Nikki P.Lee kevin k.Tsia kenneth k.Y.wong Thomas Huser Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina Biomolecular Photonics Department of PhysicsUniversity of BielefeldUniversitatsstr2533615 BielefeldGermany Division of Life Science The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Physiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina Department of Surgery The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology1200 East California BoulevardPasadenaCA 91125USA

Coherent Raman scattering(CRS)microscopy is widely recognized as a powerful tool for tackling biomedical problems based on its chemically specific label-free contrast,high spatial and spectral resolution,and high ***,the clinical translation of CRS imaging technologies has long been hindered by traditional solid-state lasers with environmentally sensitive operations and large *** fibre lasers can potentially overcome these shortcomings but have not yet been fully exploited for CRS imaging,as previous implementations have suffered from high intensity noise,a narrow tuning range and low power,resulting in low image qualities and slow imaging ***,we present a novel high-power self-synchronized two-colour pulsed fibre laser that achieves excellent performance in terms of intensity stability(improved by 50 dB),timing jitter(24.3 fs),average power fluctuation(20 dB)and pulse width variation(wavenumber range(2700-3550 cm^(−1)).The versatility of the laser source enables,for the first time,high-contrast,fast CRS imaging without complicated noise reduction via balanced detection *** capabilities are demonstrated in this work by imaging a wide range of species such as living human cells and mouse arterial tissues and performing multimodal nonlinear imaging of mouse tail,kidney and brain tissue sections by utilizing second-harmonic generation and twophoton excited fluorescence,which provides multiple optical contrast mechanisms simultaneously and maximizes the gathered information content for biological visualization and medical *** work also establishes a general scenario for remodelling existing lasers into synchronized two-colour lasers and thus promotes a wider popularization and application of CRS imaging technologies.

关键词： scattering tuning fibre

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Transport and humification of dissolved organic matter within a semi-arid floodplain

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 24-32页

作者： wenming Dong Jiamin wan Tetsu k.Tokunaga Benjamin Gilbert kenneth H.williams Earth and Environment Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

In order to understand the transport and humification processes of dissolved organic matter（DOM） within sediments of a semi-arid floodplain at Rifle,Colorado,fluorescence excitation–emission matrix（EEM） spectroscopy,humification index（HIX） and specific UV absorbance（SUVA） at 254 nm were applied for characterizing depth and seasonal variations of DOM *** revealed that late spring snowmelt leached relatively fresh DOM from plant residue and soil organic matter down into the deeper vadose zone（VZ）.More humified DOM is preferentially adsorbed by upper VZ sediments,while non-or lesshumified DOM was transported into the deeper ***,DOM at all depths undergoes rapid biological humification process evidenced by the products of microbial by-product-like（i.e.,tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like） matter in late spring and early summer,particularly in the deeper VZ,resulting in more humified DOM（e.g.,fulvic-acid-like and humic-acid-like substances） at the end of *** indicates that DOM transport is dominated by spring snowmelt,and DOM humification is controlled by microbial degradation,with seasonal *** is expected that these relatively simple spectroscopic measurements（e.g.,EEM spectroscopy,HIX and SUVA） applied to depth-and temporally-distributed pore-water samples can provide useful insights into transport and humification of DOM in other subsurface environments as well.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter Transport Humification Semi-arid Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix

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Pencil-beam scanning catheter for intracoronary optical coherence tomography

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第3期5卷 69-75页

作者： Jiqiang kang Rui Zhu Yunxu Sun Jianan Li kenneth k.Y.wong School of Electronic and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China International Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Vivolight Medical Device&Technology Co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518055China State key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre Hong Kong Science ParkShatinNew TerritoriesHong KongChina

Current gradient-index(GRIN)lens based proximal-driven intracoronary optical coherence tomography(ICOCT)probes consist of a spacer and a GRIN lens with large gradient *** design provides great flexibility to control beam profiles,but the spacer length should be well controlled to obtain desired beam profiles and thus it sets an obstacle in mass catheter ***,although GRIN lens with large gradient constant can provide tight focus spot,it has short depth of focus and fast-expanded beam which leads to poor lateral resolution for deep *** this paper,a type of spacer-removed probe is demonstrated with a small gradient constant GRIN *** design simplifies the fabrica-tion process and is suitable for mass *** output beam of the catheter is a narrow nearly collimated light beam,referred to as pencil beam *** full width at half maximum beam size varies from 35.1μm to 75.3μm in air over 3-mm *** design principles are elaborated with probe/catheter fabrication and performance *** in vivo imaging of the catheter was verified by a clinical ICOCT *** results prove that this novel pencil-beam scanning catheter is potentially a good choice for ICOCT systems.

关键词： optical coherence tomography endoscopic imaging intravascular imaging fiber optics imaging

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Novel nervous and multi-system regenerative therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus with mTOR

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第3期11卷 372-385页

作者： kenneth Maiese Cellular and Molecular Signaling Newark NJ USA

Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this *** impacts multiple organs and affects all components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that can range from dementia to diabetic *** mechanistic target of rapamycin（m TOR） is a promising agent for the development of novel regenerative strategies for the treatment of DM.m TOR and its related signaling pathways impact multiple metabolic parameters that include cellular metabolic homeostasis,insulin resistance,insulin secretion,stem cell proliferation and differentiation,pancreatic β-cell function,and programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy.m TOR is central element for the protein complexes m TOR Complex 1（m TORC1） and m TOR Complex 2（m TORC2） and is a critical component for a number of signaling pathways that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI 3-k）,protein kinase B（Akt）,AMP activated protein kinase（AMPk）,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（SIRT1）,wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1（wISP1）,and growth *** a result,m TOR represents an exciting target to offer new clinical avenues for the treatment of DM and the complications of this *** studies directed to elucidate the delicate balance m TOR holds over cellular metabolism and the impact of its broad signaling pathways should foster the translation of these targets into effective clinical regimens for DM.

关键词： Akt AMP activated protein kinase(AMPk) apoptosis Alzheimer’s disease autophagy β-cell cancer cardiovascular disease caspase CCN family diabetes mellitus epidermal growth factor erythropoietin fibroblast growth factor forkhead transcription factors Fox O FRAP1 hamartin(tuberous sclerosis 1)/tuberin(tuberous sclerosis 2)(TSC1/TSC2) insulin mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR) m TOR Complex 1(m T ORC1) m TOR Complex 2(m TORC2) nicotinamide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+) non-communicable diseases oxidative stress phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI 3-k) programmed cell death silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)(SIRT1) sirtuin stem cells wingless wnt wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1(wISP1)

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Case study approach to modeling historical disinfection by-product exposure in Iowa drinking waters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 183-190页

作者： Stuart w.krasner kenneth P.Cantor Peter J.weyer Mariana Hildesheim Gary Amy Metropolitan water District of Southern California Water Quality La Verne CA 91750 USA National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination(CHEEC) University of Iowa Coralville IA 52242 USA Medical Research Solutions LLC Montgomery Village MD 20886 USA College of Engineering Computing and Applied SciencesClemson University Clemson SC 29631 USA

In the 1980 s, a case–control epidemiologic study was conducted in Iowa（USA） to analyze the association between exposure to disinfection by-products（DBPs） and bladder cancer risk. Trihalomethanes（THMs）, the most commonly measured and dominant class of DBPs in drinking water, served as a primary metric and surrogate for the full DBP *** THM exposure was calculated, based on rough estimates of past levels in Iowa. To reduce misclassification, a follow-up study was undertaken to improve estimates of past THM levels and to re-evaluate their association with cancer risk. In addition, the risk associated with haloacetic acids, another class of DBPs, was examined. In the original analysis, surface water treatment plants were assigned one of two possible THM levels depending on the point of chlorination. The re-assessment considered each utility treating surface or groundwater on a case-by-case basis. Multiple treatment/disinfection scenarios and water quality parameters were considered with actual DBP measurements to develop estimates of past levels. The highest annual average THM level in the re-analysis was156 μg/L compared to 74 μg/L for the original analysis. This allowed the analysis of subjects exposed at higher levels（〉 96 μg/L）. The re-analysis established a new approach, based on case studies and an understanding of the water quality and operational parameters that impact DBP formation, for determining historical exposure.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Trihalomethanes Haloacetic acids Exposure assessment Epidemiology Bladder cancer

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Tribological Performance of Coated Surfaces

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 20-27页

作者： kenneth Holmberg Anssi Laukkanen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Espoo FinlandVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Espoo Finland

The fundamentals of coating tribology is presented in a generalised holistic approach to friction and wear mechanisms of coated surfaces in dry sliding contacts. It is based on a classification of the tribological contact process into macromechanical, micromechanical, tribochemical contact mechanisms and material transfer. The tribological contact process is dominated by the macromechanical mechanisms, which have been systematically analysed by using four main parameters: the coating-to-substrate hardness relationship, the film thickness, the surface roughness and the debris in the contact. In this paper special attention is given to the microlevel mechanisms, and in particular new techniques for modelling the elastic, plastic and brittle behaviour of the surface by finite element (FEM) computer simulations. The contact condition with a sphere sliding over a plate coated with a very thin hard coating is analysed. A three dimensional FEM model has been developed for calculating the first principal stress distribution in the scratch tester contact of a diamond spherical tip moving with increased load on a 2 thick titanium nitride (TiN) coated steel surface. The model is comprehensive in that sense that it considers elastic, plastic and fracture behaviour of the contact surfaces. By identifying from a scratch experiment the location of the first crack and using this as input data can the fracture toughness of the coating be determined.

关键词：硬敷层 FEM 应力模拟断口摩擦性能贴合表面

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Impacting dementia and cognitive loss with innovative strategies: mechanistic target of rapamycin, clock genes, circular non-coding ribonucleic acids, and Rho/Rock

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第5期14卷 773-774页

作者： kenneth Maiese Cellular and Molecular Signaling

A significant global impact from dementia:According to the world Health Organization(Dua et al.,2017),the current numbers for the prevalence and treatment costs for dementia worldwide are *** 50 million individuals suffer from *** is now considered to be the 7^th leading cause of ***,at least five percent of the world’s elderly population,equal to approximately 47 million individuals,have ***,at least sixty percent reside in low and middle income *** seventy-five percent of these new cases are to occur in these *** number of new cases each year throughout the globe is increasing at approximately 10 million per *** the year 2030,82 million people are expected to have dementia and by the year 2050,152 million are expected to have the disease.

关键词： Impacting dementia cognitive loss innovative strategies

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