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Bile acid signaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic and immunological homeostasis

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 865-878页

作者： Wei Jia Yitao Li kenneth c.P.cheung Xiaojiao Zheng School of chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200233China

Bile acids(BAs)play a crucial role in nutrient absorption and act as key regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism and immune *** the enterohepatic circulation,BAs are synthesized,metabolized,and reabsorbed,with a portion entering the vascular circulation and distributing *** allows BAs to interact with receptors in all major organs,leading to organ-organ interactions that regulate both local and global metabolic processes,as well as the immune *** review focuses on the whole-body effects of BA-mediated metabolic and immunological regulation,including in the brain,heart,liver,intestine,eyes,skin,adipose tissue,and *** BA synthesis and receptor signaling is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapies for various diseases throughout the body.

关键词： bile acid whole body metabolism immunity

Mechanistic insight into cr(Ⅵ)retention by Si-containing ferrihydrite

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 217-225页

作者： Ying Hu Qiang Xue Honghan chen Huaming Guo kenneth c.carroll Song Wang MOE key Laboratory of Groundwater circulation and Environmental Evolution School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Beijing key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Plant&Environmental Science New Mexico State UniversityNM 88003USA Institute of Theoretical chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130023China

Hexavalent chromium[cr(Ⅵ)]causes serious harm to the environment due to its high toxicity,solubility,and ***(Fh)are the main adsorbent and trapping agent of cr(Ⅵ)in soils and aquifers,and they usually coexist with silicate(Si),forming Si-containing ferrihydrite(Si-Fh)***,the mechanism of cr(Ⅵ)retention by Si-Fh mixtures is poorly *** this study,the behaviors and mechanisms of cr(Ⅵ)adsorption onto Si-Fh with different Si/Fe molar ratios was *** electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and other techniques were used to characterize Si-Fh and cr(Ⅵ)-loading of *** results show that specific surface area of Si-Fh increases gradually with increasing Si/Fe ratios,but cr(Ⅵ)adsorption on Si-Fh decreases with increasing Si/Fe *** is because with an increase in Si/Fe molar ratio,the point of zero charge of Si-Fh gradually decreases and electrostatic repulsion between Si-Fh and cr(Ⅵ)***,the complexation of cr(Ⅵ)is enhanced due to the increase in adsorbed hydroxyl(A-OH-)on Si-Fh with increasing Si/Fe molar ratio,which partly counteracts the effect of the electrostatic ***,the increase in the electrostatic repulsion has a greater impact on adsorption than the additional complexation with *** functional theory calculation further supports this observation,showing the increases in electron variation of bonding atoms and reaction energies of inner spherical complexes with the increase in Si/Fe ratio.

关键词： Hexavalent chromium Ferrihydrite Si/Fe ratio cr(Ⅵ)Adsorption

Individual and geospatial factors associated with receipt of colorectal cancer screening:a state-wide mixed-level analysis

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Family Medicine and community Health 2024年第S2期12卷 18-25页

作者： Jennifer E Bayly Mara A Schonberg Marcia c castro kenneth J Mukamal Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center BostonMassachusettsUSA Harvard Medical School BostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T H Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background colorectal cancer(cRc)is the second leading cause of cancer death in US adults but can be reduced by *** roles of individual and contextual factors,and especially physician supply,in attaining universal cRc screening remains *** We used data from adults 50-75 years old participating in the 2018 New York(NY)Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System linked to county-level covariates,including primary care physician(PcP)density and gastroenterologist(GI)*** were analysed in *** analyses included(1)ecological and geospatial analyses of county-level cRc screening prevalence and(2)individual-level Poisson regression models of receipt of screening,adjusted for socioeconomic and county-level contextual *** Mean prevalence of up-to-date cRc screening was 71%(95%cI 70%to 73%)across NY’s 62 ***-level cRc screening demonstrated significant spatial patterning(Global Moran’s I=0.14,p=0.04),consistent with the existence of county-level contextual *** both county-level and individual-level analyses,lack of health insurance was associated with lower likelihood of up-to-date screening(?−1.09(95%cI−2.00 to-0.19);adjusted prevalence ratio 0.68(95%cI 0.60 to 0.77)),even accounting for age,race/ethnicity and *** contrast,county-level densities of both PcPs and GIs were completely unassociated with screening at either the county or individual *** expected,other determinants at the individual level included education status and *** In this state-wide representative analysis,physician density was completely unassociated with cRc screening,although health insurance status remains strongly *** similar screening environments,broadened insurance coverage for cRc screening is likely to improve screening far more effectively than increased physician supply.

关键词： state screening county

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中国药物经济学以及结果研究介绍

中国处方药 2006年第4期5卷 19-21页

作者：菅鑫妍（编译） Jim Doherty Isao kamae kenneth k.c. lee MPhil Hong Li Shu- chun Li Gordon G.Liu Yen-Huei Tarn Bong Min Yang

20世纪70年代，为了应对快速膨胀的卫生保健成本，药物经济学（Pharmacoeconomics，PE）和结果研究（Outcomes Fesea Fch，OR）的概念被引入西方国家，而正式的PE方针最早是十年前在澳大利亚和加拿大建立起来的。

关键词：药物经济学中国 20世纪保健成本西方国家澳大利亚 Fch 加拿大

Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab River System: Historic and Modern Attempts to Manage and Restore Iraq’s Lifeline

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： kenneth Ray Olson David R. Speidel college of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA US Army Iraq Mosul Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Mahmudiyah Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Washington D.C. USA

In Iraq, the principal rivers are the Tigris, Shatt Al-Arab and Euphrates. From their headwater sources in the mountains of eastern Türkiye, these rivers descend through valleys and gorges and flow into the uplands of Syria and northern and central alluvial plain of Iraq. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers confluence to form the Shatt Al-Arab river at Al-Qurnah which flows into the Persian Gulf. From sources in the Zagros Mountains other tributaries join the Tigris from the east. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow in a southeastern direction through the central plain and discharge into the Mesopotamian Marshes, which include permanent marshes, lakes, and riparian habitat. The rivers and their tributaries drain an area of 879,790 km2 which includes almost the entire area of Iraq as well as land in Syria, Türkiye, kuwait and Iran. The region has historical importance as part of the Fertile crescent region and where Mesopotamian civilization first emerged. The post war reconstruction efforts in the Yusifiyah township, an important food production region for Baghdad, illustrate the importance of these water resources. In addition, the advent of soil tunnels by Iraqi insurgents within the riverine corridors will make reconstruction of this resource more complex. The primary objectives of this study are to assess lessons learned, manage, and restore the Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab river system lifeline in Iraq.

关键词： Mesopotamian Shatt Al-Arab Iraq Tigris Euphrates Baghdad Soil Tunnels Yusifiyah

Efficient above-band-gap light emission in germanium

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chinese Optics Letters 2009年第4期7卷 271-273页

作者： kenneth E.lee Eugene A.Fitzgerald Lionel c.kimerling Jurgen Michel Department of Materials Science and Engineering Microphotonics CenterMassachusetts Institute of Technology

We report an above-band-gap radiative transition in the photoluminescence spectra of single crystalline Ge in the temperature range of 20-296 k. The temperature-independence of the peak position at -0.74 eV is remarkably different from the behavior of direct and indirect gap transitions in Ge. This transition is observed in n-type, p-type, and intrinsic single crystal Ge alike, and its intensity decreases with the increase of temperature with a small activation energy of 56 meV. Some aspects of the transition are analogous to III-V semiconductors with dilute nitrogen doping, which suggests that the origin could be related to an isoelectronic defect.

关键词： Activation energy Germanium Photoluminescence Semiconductor doping Single crystals

Treatment responses in Asians and caucasians with chronic hepatitis c infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第21期14卷 3416-3420页

作者： kenneth k Yan Marianne Guirgis Amany Zekry Thuy Dinh Anouk Dev Jacob George Alice lee Department of Hepatology St George HospitalKogarahSydney 2217NSWAustralia Department of Gastroenterology Monash Medical CentreMelbourne 3168VictoriaAustralia Storr Liver Unit Westmead Millennium InstituteUniversity of Sydney and Westmead HospitalSydney 2217NSWAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Concord Repatriation HospitalConcordSydney 2217NSWAustralia

AIM：To conduct a multicentre retrospective review of virological response rates in Asians infected with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis c（cHc） treated with combination interferon and ribavirin and then to compare their responses to that among caucasians.METHODS：Asian patients infected with genotype 1 cHc treated at 4 Australian centres between 2001 to 2005 were identified through hospital *** demographic characteristics,biochemical,virological and histological data and details of treatment were *** virological responses（SVR） in this cohort were then compared to that in caucasian subjects,matched by genotype,age,gender and the stage of hepatic fibrosis.RESULTS：A total of 108 Asians with genotype 1 cHc were *** end of treatment response（ETR） for the cohort was 79% while the SVR was 67%.Due to the relatively advanced age of the Asian cohort,only sixty-four subjects could be matched with *** ETR among matched Asians and caucasians was 81% and 56% respectively（P=0.003）,while the SVR rates were 73% and 36%（P 〈0.001） *** difference remained significant after adjusting for other predictive variables. cONcLUSION： Genotype 1 cHc in Asian subjects is associated with higher rates of virological response compared to that in caucasians.

关键词： Hepatitis c Treatment Asians Retro-spective studies comparative study Interferon Ribavirin Statistical data analysis

Predicting the mode of flow in pneumatic conveying systems—A review

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Particuology 2008年第5期6卷 289-300页

作者： Mark G.Jones kenneth c.Williams centre for Bulk Solids and Particulate Technologies School of EngineeringUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle 2308Australia

An initial prediction of the particulate mode of flow in pneumatic conveying systems is beneficial as this knowledge can provide clearer direction to the pneumatic conveying design process. There are three general categories of modes of flow, two dense flows： fluidised dense phase and plug flow, and dilute phase oniy. Detailed in this paper is a review of the commonly used and available techniques for predicting mode of flow. Two types of predictive charts were defined： basic particle parameter based （e.g. particle size and density） and air-particle parameter based （e.g. permeability and de-aeration）. The basic particle techniques were found to have strong and weak areas of predictive ability, on the basis of a comparison with data from materials with known mode of flow capability. It was found that there was only slight improvement in predictive ability when the particle density was replaced by loose-poured bulk density in the basic parameter techniques. The air-particle-parameter-based techniques also showed well-defined regions for mode of flow prediction though the data set used was smaller than that for the basic techniques. Also, it was found to be difficult to utilise de-aeration values from different researchers and subsequently, an air-particle-based technique was developed which does not require any de-aeration parameter in its assessment.

关键词： Pneumatic conveying Mode of flow Dense phase Permeability De-aeration

Exosome secretion from hypoxic cancer cells reshapes the tumor microenvironment and mediates drug resistance

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cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 577-594页

作者： kenneth k.W.To William c.S.cho School of Pharmacy Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth HospitalHong Kong SARChina

Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors as the poorly organized tumor vasculature cannot fulfill the increasing oxygen demand of rapidly expanding *** hypoxia,tumor cells reshape their microenvironment to sustain survival,promote metastasis,and develop resistance to *** are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells,including tumor *** are enriched with a selective collection of nucleic acids and proteins from the originating cells to mediate cell-to-cell *** evidence suggests that exosomes derived from tumor cells play critical roles in modulating the tumor microenvironment(TME).Hypoxia is known to stimulate the secretion of exosomes from tumor cells,thereby promoting intercellular communication of hypoxic tumors with the surrounding stromal ***-mediated signaling pathways under hypoxic conditions have been reported to cause angiogenesis,invasion,metastasis,drug resistance,and immune ***,the programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1)has been reported to reside as a transmembrane protein in tumor *** PD-L1 was shown to suppress T cell effector function in the TME and cause drug resistance to immune checkpoint *** review provides an update about the pivotal role of tumor-derived exosomes in drug resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy,particularly under hypoxic *** strategies that target the exosomes in the hypoxic TME to enhance the antitumor efficacy are discussed.

关键词： Hypoxia drug resistance exosome tumor microenvironment immunotherapy non-coding RNA