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Case study approach to modeling historical disinfection by-product exposure in Iowa drinking waters

journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 183-190页

作者： Stuart W.Krasner kenneth P.Cantor Peter j.Weyer Mariana Hildesheim Gary Amy Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Water Quality La Verne CA 91750 USA National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination(CHEEC) University of Iowa Coralville IA 52242 USA Medical Research Solutions LLC Montgomery Village MD 20886 USA College of Engineering Computing and Applied SciencesClemson University Clemson SC 29631 USA

In the 1980 s, a case–control epidemiologic study was conducted in Iowa（USA） to analyze the association between exposure to disinfection by-products（DBPs） and bladder cancer risk. Trihalomethanes（THMs）, the most commonly measured and dominant class of DBPs in drinking water, served as a primary metric and surrogate for the full DBP *** THM exposure was calculated, based on rough estimates of past levels in Iowa. To reduce misclassification, a follow-up study was undertaken to improve estimates of past THM levels and to re-evaluate their association with cancer risk. In addition, the risk associated with haloacetic acids, another class of DBPs, was examined. In the original analysis, surface water treatment plants were assigned one of two possible THM levels depending on the point of chlorination. The re-assessment considered each utility treating surface or groundwater on a case-by-case basis. Multiple treatment/disinfection scenarios and water quality parameters were considered with actual DBP measurements to develop estimates of past levels. The highest annual average THM level in the re-analysis was156 μg/L compared to 74 μg/L for the original analysis. This allowed the analysis of subjects exposed at higher levels（〉 96 μg/L）. The re-analysis established a new approach, based on case studies and an understanding of the water quality and operational parameters that impact DBP formation, for determining historical exposure.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Trihalomethanes Haloacetic acids Exposure assessment Epidemiology Bladder cancer

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Thick Electrode Design for Facile Electron and Ion Transport:Architectures,Advanced Characterization,and Modeling

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第4期3卷 472-483页

作者： David j.Arnot Karthik S.Mayilvahanan Zeyu Hui kenneth j.Takeuchi Amy C.Marschilok David C.Bock Lei Wang Alan C.West Esther S.Takeuchi Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy and Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York 11794United States Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew York 10027United States Interdisciplinary Science Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNew York 11973United States

CONSPECTUS:The demand for lithium ion batteries continues to expand for powering applications such as portable electronics,grid-scale energy storage,and electric *** the application requirements advance,the innovation of lithium ion batteries toward higher energy density and power output is *** with the investigation of new materials,an important strategy for increasing battery energy content is to design electrodes with high areal loading to minimize the fraction of nonactive materials such as current collectors,separators,and packaging components,resulting in significant gains in energy content and the reduction of the system-level ***,the adoption of thick high areal loading electrodes has been impeded by sluggish charge transport and mechanical *** conventional slurry cast electrodes,battery function significantly deteriorates with increases in electrode thickness due to high cell polarization and the incomplete utilization of active ***,a consideration of approaches that facilitate an understanding and eventual adoption of high-loading electrodes is warranted to enable the deliberate advancement of next-generation batteries.

关键词： battery lithium Electron

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Surface-bound myeloperoxidase is a ligand for recognition of late apoptotic neutrophils by human lung surfactant proteins A and D

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Protein & Cell 2010年第6期1卷 563-572页

作者： Anne jäkel Howard Clark kenneth B.M.Reid Robert B.Sim Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK University of Southampton School of MedicineDivision of Infection Inflammation&ImmunitySouthampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUK MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QUUK

Surfactant proteins A(SP-A)and D(SP-D),both members of the collectin family,play a well established role in apoptotic cell recognition and *** in vitro data show that SP-A and SP-D interact with apoptotic neutrophils in a distinct ***-A and SP-D bind in a Ca^(2+)-dependent manner to viable and early apoptotic neutrophils whereas the much greater interaction with late apoptotic neutrophils is Ca^(2+)-*** surface molecules on the apoptotic target cells responsible for these interactions had not been identified and this study was done to find candidate target ***(MPO),a specific intracellular defense molecule of neutrophils that becomes exposed on the outside of the cell upon apoptosis,was identified by affinity purification,mass-spectrometry and western blotting as a novel binding molecule for SP-A and *** confirm its role in recognition,it was shown that purified immobilised MPO binds SP-A and SP-D,and that MPO is surface-exposed on late apoptotic ***-A and SP-D inhibit binding of an anti-MPO monoclonal Ab to late apoptotic *** microscopy confirmed that anti-MPO mAb and SP-A/SP-D colocalise on late apoptotic *** was identified as a further potential ligand for SP-A,and neutrophil defensin as a target for both proteins.

关键词： SP-A SP-D myeloperoxidase neutrophils flow cytometry mass spectrometry

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Elevated temperature intensity,timing,and duration of exposure affect soybean internode elongation,mainstem node number,and pod number per plant

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The Crop journal 2018年第2期6卷 148-161页

作者： Leon Hartwell Allen jr. Lingxiao Zhang kenneth j.Boote Bernard A.Hauser U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service GainesvilleFL 32608USA Department of Agronomy University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA

A study was conducted in four compartments of a polycarbonate greenhouse at Gainesville,FL, USA to investigate how a soybean(Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivar, Maverick(maturity group III, indeterminate), responded to three elevated temperatures, ELT,(day/night of 34/26 °C, 38/30 °C, and 42/34 °C) in comparison to a control growth temperature(30/22 °C).Carbon dioxide(CO_2) concentration was maintained at 700 μmol mol^(-1) in each compartment by a processor controlled air-sampling and CO_2-injection system. Three sequential experiments were conducted at different times of year(summer, autumn, and early spring)to investigate the effect of intensity, timing, and duration of ELT on soybean node number,internode elongation, mainstem length, and number of pods set per plant. At the control temperature, the soybean plants grown in the polycarbonate greenhouse were taller than field-grown plants. When plants were grown under continuous ELT applied soon after sowing or at initial flowering, the number of nodes increased with increasing ELT intensity,whereas the length of individual internodes decreased. When ELT treatment was applied during the beginning of flowering stage(R1–R2) or earlier, more nodes were produced and the length of affected internodes was decreased. When the ELT was imposed later at reproductive stage R5+ just before the beginning of seed filling, effects on node numbers and internode lengths were negligible. Short-term(10-day) duration of ELT applied at four stages from V3 to R5+ did not significantly affect final mean numbers of nodes or mean mainstem lengths. Possible mechanisms of elevated temperature effects on soybean internode elongation and node number(internode number) are discussed. Total pod numbers per plant increased linearly with mainstem node numbers and mainstem ***, total pod numbers per plant were greatest at 34/26 °C rather than at the control temperature of 30/22 °C(and remained high at 38/30 °C). Mild increases in temperatu

关键词： Elevated temperature Internode elongation Node number Pod yield Soybean phenology

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Kinematics, dynamics, and design of machinery / 2nd ed.

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2004年

作者： Waldron kenneth j.

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Effects of live yeast on differential genetic and functional attributes of rumen microbiota in beef cattle

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 1101-1107页

作者： Ibukun M.Ogunade jerusha Lay kenneth Andries Christina j.Mc Manus Frederick Bebe College of Agriculture Communities and the Environment Kentucky State University

Several studies have evaluated the effects of live yeast supplementation on rumen microbial population;however,its effect on differential microbial genes and their functional potential has not been described. Thus, this study applied shotgun metagenomic sequencing to evaluate the effects of live yeast supplementation on genetic and functional potential of the rumen microbiota in beef cattle. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were randomly assigned to two treatments in a cross-over design with two 25-day experimental periods and a 10-day wash-out between the two periods. The steers were housed in individual pens and fed 50% concentrate-mix and 50% red clover/orchard hay ad libitum. Treatments were(1) control(CON;basal diet without additive) and(2) yeast(YEA;basal diet plus 15 g/d of live yeast product). Rumen fluid samples were collected at 3, 6, and 9 h after feeding on the last d of each period. Sequencing was done on an Illumina Hi Seq 2500 platform. Dietary yeast supplementation increased the relative abundance of carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria(such as Ruminococcus albus, ***, R. bromii, and R. obeum) and lactate-utilizing bacteria(such as Megasphaera elsdenii, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, and D. vulgaris). A total of 154 differentially abundant genes(DEGs) were obtained(false discovery rate < 0.01). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) annotation analysis of the DEGs revealed that 10 pathways, including amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism,polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis, protein export, ribosome, and bacterial secretory system, were enriched in steers fed YEA. Annotation analysis of the DEGs in the carbohydrate-active enzymes(CAZy) database revealed that the abundance of genes coding for enzymes belonging to glycoside hydrolases, glycosyltransferases, and carbohydrate bindi

关键词： Functional potential Live yeast Rumen

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Applied statistics for public administration 5th ed.

Applied statistics for public administration

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2002年

作者： Meier kenneth j.

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Disappearance and appearance of an indigestible marker in feces from growing pigs as affected by previous-and currentdiet composition

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 643-651页

作者： Brandy M.jacobs john F.Patience Merlin D.Lindemann kenneth j.Stalder Brian j.Kerr Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmes 50010USA Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of KentuckyLexington 40546KYUSA USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agricultural and the Environment Ames 50010IAUSA

Background： Indigestible markers are commonly utilized in digestion studies, but the complete disappearance or maximum appearance of a marker in feces can be affected by diet composition, feed intake, or an animal＇s *** objectives of this study were to determine the impact of previous（Phase 1, P1） and current-（Phase 2, P2）diet composition on marker disappearance（Cr） and appearance（Ti） in pigs fed 3 diets differing in NDF ***： When pigs were maintained on the 25.1, 72.5, and 125.0 g/kg NDF diets, it took 5.1, 4.1, and 2.5 d, respectively,for Cr levels to decrease below the limit of quantitation; or 4.6, 3.7, or 2.8 d, respectively, for Ti to be maximized. These effects were not, however, independent of the previous diet as indicated by the interaction between P1 and P2 diets on fecal marker concentrations（P 〈 0.01）. When dietary NDF increased from P1 to P2, it took less time for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized（an average of 2.5 d）, than if NDF decreased from P1 to P2 where it took longer for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized（an average of 3.4 d）.Conclusions： Because of the wide range in excretion times reported in the literature and improved laboratory methods for elemental detection, the data suggests that caution must be taken in considering dietary fiber concentrations of the past and currently fed diets so that no previous dietary marker addition remains in the digestive tract or feces such that a smal amount of maker is present to confound subsequent experimental results, and that marker concentration have stabilized when these samples are col ected.

关键词： Adaptation Digestibility Fiber Indigestible marker Pig

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Kinematics, dynamics, and design of machinery

Kinematics, dynamics, and design of machinery

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1999年

作者： Waldron kenneth j.

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Neurochemistry as a bridge between morphology and behavior： Perspectives on aggression in insects

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 778-790页

作者： Andrew N. BUBAK jaime L. GRACE Michael j. WATT kenneth j. RENNER john G. SWALLOW Neuroscience Program University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 80045 USA Department of Integrative Biology University of Colorado-Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA Center for Brain and Behavior Research Basic Biomedical Sciences University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA Department of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA

Aggression is a common behavioral trait shared in many animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the type and intensity of agonistic encounters and displays can vary widely both across and within species, resulting in complicated or subjective interpretations that create difficulties in developing theoretical models that can be widely applied. The need to easily and objectively identify quantifiable behaviors and their associated morphologies becomes especially important when attempting to decipher the neurological mechanisms underlying this complex behavior. Monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones have been implicated as important neuromodulators for agonistic displays in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Additionally, recent breakthroughs in insect research have revealed exciting proximate mechanisms important in aggression that may be broadly relevant, due to the relatively high conservation of these neurochemical systems across animal taxa. In this review, we present the latest research demonstrating the importance of monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones as neuromodulators for aggression across a variety of insect species. Additionally, we describe the stalk-eyed fly as a model system for studying aggression, which integrates physiological, morphological, and neurochemical approaches in exploring detailed mechanisms responsible for this common yet complex behavior. We conclude with our perspective on the most promising lines of future research aimed at understanding the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying aggressive behaviors.

关键词：神经化学行为特征昆虫形态无脊椎动物神经机制展望桥梁

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