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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip j.hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee B Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

Background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** We used World Bank data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(agejuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** injuries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

Scoring microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma:are we meeting the grade?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 184-187页

作者： Derek j.Erstad kenneth K.Tanabe Division of Surgical Oncology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and has rising global incidence(1).A perplexing aspect of this disease is the high rate of recurrence(50-70%)after curative-intent,margin negative surgical resection(2).While de novo HCC arising from baseline chronic liver injury is a driver of late recurrences,most recurrences occur over a short interval and are thought to be spread from the index malignancy.

关键词： Microvascular invasion(MVI) hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) hepatectomy

Individual and geospatial factors associated with receipt of colorectal cancer screening:a state-wide mixed-level analysis

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S2期12卷 18-25页

作者： jennifer E Bayly Mara A Schonberg Marcia C Castro kenneth j Mukamal Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center BostonMassachusettsUSA Harvard Medical School BostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T H Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer death in US adults but can be reduced by *** roles of individual and contextual factors,and especially physician supply,in attaining universal CRC screening remains *** We used data from adults 50-75 years old participating in the 2018 New York(NY)Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System linked to county-level covariates,including primary care physician(PCP)density and gastroenterologist(GI)*** were analysed in *** analyses included(1)ecological and geospatial analyses of county-level CRC screening prevalence and(2)individual-level Poisson regression models of receipt of screening,adjusted for socioeconomic and county-level contextual *** Mean prevalence of up-to-date CRC screening was 71%(95%CI 70%to 73%)across NY’s 62 ***-level CRC screening demonstrated significant spatial patterning(Global Moran’s I=0.14,p=0.04),consistent with the existence of county-level contextual *** both county-level and individual-level analyses,lack of health insurance was associated with lower likelihood of up-to-date screening(?−1.09(95%CI−2.00 to-0.19);adjusted prevalence ratio 0.68(95%CI 0.60 to 0.77)),even accounting for age,race/ethnicity and *** contrast,county-level densities of both PCPs and GIs were completely unassociated with screening at either the county or individual *** expected,other determinants at the individual level included education status and *** In this state-wide representative analysis,physician density was completely unassociated with CRC screening,although health insurance status remains strongly *** similar screening environments,broadened insurance coverage for CRC screening is likely to improve screening far more effectively than increased physician supply.

关键词： state screening county

Long-term impact of artificial intelligence on colorectal adenoma detection in high-risk colonoscopy

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第6期16卷 335-342页

作者： kenneth W Chow Matthew T Bell Nicholas Cumpian Maryanne Amour Ryan H hsu Viktor E Eysselein Neetika Srivastava Michael W Fleischman Sofiya Reicher Department of Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States Department of Bioengineering Jacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093United States Department of Gastroenterology Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States

BACKGROUND Improved adenoma detection rate(ADR)has been demonstrated with artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted ***,data on the real-world appli-cation of AI and its effect on colorectal cancer(CRC)screening outcomes is *** To analyze the long-term impact of AI on a diverse at-risk patient population undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy for positive CRC screening tests or *** AI software(GI Genius,Medtronic)was implemented into the standard proced-ure protocol in November *** was collected on patient demographics,procedure indication,polyp size,location,and *** screening outcomes were evaluated before and at different intervals after AI introduction with one year of *** We evaluated 1008 colonoscopies(278 pre-AI,255 early post-AI,285 established post-AI,and 190 late post-AI).The ADR was 38.1%pre-AI,42.0%early post-AI(P=0.77),40.0%established post-AI(P=0.44),and 39.5%late post-AI(P=0.77).There were no significant differences in polyp detection rate(PDR,baseline 59.7%),advanced ADR(baseline 16.2%),and non-neoplastic PDR(baseline 30.0%)before and after AI *** In patients with an increased pre-test probability of having an abnormal colonoscopy,the current generation of AI did not yield enhanced CRC screening metrics over high-quality *** the potential of AI in colonoscopy is undisputed,current AI technology may not universally elevate screening metrics across all situations and patient *** studies that analyze different AI systems across various patient populations are needed to determine the most effective role of AI in optimizing CRC screening in clinical practice.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Colonoscopy Adenoma detection rate Screening Colorectal adenoma

Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik j.Persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg kenneth Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

Circulating tumor cells shielded with extracellular vesicle-derived CD45 evade T cell attack to enable metastasis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2114-2131页

作者： Chuan Yang Xueping Wang kenneth K.W.To Caimei Cui Min Luo Shaocong Wu Lamei Huang Kai Fu Can Pan Zeyu Liu Teng Fan Caibo Yang Fang Wang Liwu Fu State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060P.R.China School of Pharmacy Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina LABVIV Technology(Shenzhen)Co. LtdShenzhen 518057China

Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are precursors of distant metastasis in a subset of cancer patients.A better understanding of CTCs heterogeneity and how these CTCs survive during hematogenous dissemination could lay the foundation for therapeutic prevention of cancer *** remains elusive how CTCs evade immune surveillance and elimination by immune *** this study,we unequivocally identified a subpopulation of CTCs shielded with extracellular vesicle(EVs)-derived CD45(termed as CD45^(+)CTCs)that resisted T cell attack.A higher percentage of CD45^(+)CTCs was found to be closely correlated with higher incidence of metastasis and worse prognosis in cancer ***,CD45^(+)tumor cells orchestrated an immunosuppressive milieu and CD45^(+)CTCs exhibited remarkably stronger metastatic potential than CD45−CTCs in ***,CD45 expressing on tumor surfaces was shown to form intercellular CD45-CD45 homophilic interactions with CD45 on T cells,thereby preventing CD45 exclusion from TCR-pMHC synapse and leading to diminished TCR signaling transduction and suppressed immune ***,these results pointed to an underappreciated capability of EVs-derived CD45-dressed CTCs in immune evasion and metastasis,providing a rationale for targeting EVs-derived CD45 internalization by CTCs to prevent cancer metastasis.

关键词： CD45 metastasis prevention

Salivary Gland Branching Morphogenesis——Recent Progress and Future Opportunities

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International journal of Oral Science 2010年第3期2卷 117-126页

作者： jeff Chi-feng hsu kenneth M.Yamada Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of Health

Salivary glands provide saliva to maintain oral health, and a loss of salivary gland function substantially decreases quality-of-life. Understanding the biological mechanisms that generate salivary glands during embryonic development may identify novel ways to regenerate function or design artificial salivary glands. This review article summarizes current research on the process of branchingmorphogenesis of salivary glands, which creates gland structure during development. We highlight exciting new advances and opportunities in studies of cell-cell interactions, mechanical forces, growth factors, and gene expression patterns to improve our understanding of this important process.

关键词： salivary gland epithelium branching morpho-genesis fibronectin E-cadherin growth factor

Small-molecule agents for cancer immunotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 905-952页

作者： Fang Wang Kai Fu Yujue Wang Can Pan Xueping Wang Zeyu Liu Chuan Yang Ying Zheng Xiaopeng Li Yu Lu kenneth Kin Wah To Chenglai Xia jianye Zhang Zhi Shi Zeping Hu Min Huang Liwu Fu State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China Department of Cell Biology&Institute of Biomedicine National Engineering Research Center of Genetic MedicineMOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering MedicineCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target&Clinical Pharmacology NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511436China School of Pharmacy The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital Southern Medical UniversityFoshan 528000China

Cancer immunotherapy,exemplified by the remarkable clinical benefits of the immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy,is revolutionizing cancer *** induce long-term tumor regression and overall survival benefit in many types of *** the advances in our knowledge about the tumor immune microenvironment,remarkable progress has been made in the development of small-molecule drugs for *** molecules targeting PRR-associated pathways,immune checkpoints,oncogenic signaling,metabolic pathways,cytokine/chemokine signaling,and immune-related kinases have been extensively *** of smallmolecule immunotherapeutic drugs and their combinations with other antitumor modalities are under active clinical investigations to overcome immune tolerance and circumvent immune checkpoint inhibitor ***,we review the latest development of small-molecule agents for cancer immunotherapy by targeting defined pathways and highlighting their progress in recent clinical investigations.

关键词： Cancer immunotherapy Small-molecule agents Immune checkpoints Oncogenic signaling Metabolic pathways Cytokine/chemokine signaling Antitumor immunity Tumor immune microenvironment

PRELIMINARY PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE FOR EARLY TRIASSIC SEPARATION OF THE HUANAN AND YANGTZE BLOCKS, SOUTH CHINA

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1992年第15期37卷 1297-1301页

作者：陈海泓孙枢李继亮 kenneth j. hsu FRIEDRICH HELLER jON DOBSON Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution Institute of Geology Academia Sinica Beijing 100029 PRC Swiss Federal Institute of Technology CH-8092 Zurich

South China comprises three distinct lithospheric blocks, namely the Yangtze, Huanan and Dongnanya (Southeast Asia) blocks according to the hypothesis of 'Mesozoic collisional orogenies of South China' . The Yangtze a... 详细信息

关键词： paleomagnetism early Triassic Huanan Block Yangtze Block.