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Behaving

Behaving

Physical contact, volatiles, and acoustic signals contribute to monogamy in an invasive aggregating bark beetle

作者： Schaf.ner kenneth f.

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1285-1297页

作者： Zhu-Dong Liu Guo-Bing Mi kenneth f.Raf.a Jiang-Hua Sun State Key Laboratory of.Integrated Management of.Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Erdaochuan f.rest Station of.Guandi Mountain f.rest Bureau WenshuiShanxi ProvinceChina Department of.Entomology University of WisconsinMadisonWlUSA University Academy of.Chinese Academy of.Sciences BeijingChina Center f.r Excellence in Biotic Interactions Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The behavioral strategies and mechanisms by which some insects maintain monogamous mating systems are not well *** investigated the mating system of.the bark beetle Dendroctonus valens,and identif.ed several contributing *** and laboratory observations suggest the adults commonly f.rm permanent bonds during host ***,it showed mated f.males that remained paired with males produced more of.spring than mated f.males that were alone in *** bioassays,a second f.male commonly entered a gallery constructed by a prior *** show she commonly reached the location of.the f.rst f.male,but they did not engage in actual ***,the second f.male typically departs to f.rm her own *** signaling likewise does not appear to inf.uence f.male-f.male encounters,based on controlled muting *** the intruder appears to perceive the residents presence by physical *** acoustic signals and volatiles released by f.males during gallery constructing were shown to attract *** a male joined a f.male in a gallery,the male-produced aggressive sounds,which were shown by playback to deter other males f.om entering the *** f.male-f.male interactions,resident males use their head and rear to push intruders out of.***,volatiles released by males during f.eding repelled intruding males,discouraging them f.om entering the *** also construct plugs that block the entrance,which may prevent subsequent males and predators f.om entering the ***,*** has evolved multif.ceted mechanisms contributing to single pairings that conf.r benef.ts to both sexes.

关键词： acoustic signals behavioral assay Dendroctonus valens mating system pheromones rivalry

基于人群的降低STIs和HIV感染的干预措施

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生殖与避孕 2008年第1期28卷 46-49页

作者： kenneth f.Schulz 单位不详

在HIV流行地区,性传播感染的医疗服务质量很差,且性传播感染高度流行,改善医疗服务质量可使HIV传播下降高达40%。坦桑尼亚的经验表明这样的干预在发展中国家是可行的。

关键词： HIV感染干预措施 STIs 医疗服务质量性传播感染人群 HIV传播发展中国家

Laser synthesized nanoparticle alloys of.metals with bulk miscibility gaps

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第4期28卷 456-463页

作者： kenneth A.Kane Arthur C.Reber Shiv N.Khanna Massimo f.Bertino Department of.Physics Virginia Commonwealth University

The nanoscale alloying of.metals with bulk miscibility gaps, Ag-Pt and Ag-Rh, has been investigated using pulsed laser ablation of.solids in solution(PLASiS). The procedure was in two steps. In the f.rst step, the suspensions of.monometallic nanoparticles were prepared by ablation of.a metal rod submerged in water. In the second step,the monometallic suspensions were mixed and alloying was induced by re-irradiation. f.r the Ag-Pt system, a surf.ce plasmon resonance was observed in the monometallic silver suspension. The surf.ce plasmon resonance vanished in re-irradiated Ag-Pt suspensions, indicating alloying. Selected Area Electron Dif.raction(SAED)analysis showed that the nanoparticles had a f.c structure with a lattice constant intermediate between that of.monometallic Ag and Pt nanoparticles. f.rst principles theoretical investigations of.the mixing energy of.Ag-Pt clusters conf.rm that mixing is f.vored at around ～1 nm. The same procedure used f.r Ag-Pt was f.llowed f.r Ag-Rh. In this system where the two metals present miscibility gaps even in the liquid phase, no evidence of.alloying was observed. Correspondingly, theoretical investigations f.und that the mixing energy of.Ag-Rh clusters did not f.vor alloying.

关键词： Nano alloys Laser ablation Silver-platinum nanoparticles Silver-rhodium nanoparticles

Dif.erential Expression of.Mature MicroRNAs Involved in Muscle Maintenance of.Hibernating Little Brown Bats, Myotis lucif.gus: A Model of.Muscle Atrophy Resistance

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinf.rmatics 2012年第5期10卷 295-301页

作者： Samantha f.Kornf.ld Kyle K.Biggar kenneth B.Storey Institute of.Biochemistry&Department of.Biology Carleton University

Muscle wasting is common in mammals during extended periods of.immobility. However, many small hibernating mammals manage to avoid muscle atrophy despite remaining stationary f.r long periods during hibernation. Recent research has highlighted roles f.r short non-coding microRNAs （miRNAs） in the regulation of.stress tolerance. We proposed that they could also play an important role in muscle maintenance during hibernation. To explore this possibility, a group of.10 miRNAs known to be normally expressed in skeletal muscle of.non-hibernating mammals were analyzed by RT-PCR in hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucif.gus. We then compared the expression of.these miRNAs in euthermic control bats and bats in torpor. Our results showed that compared to euthermic controls, sig- nif.cant, albeit modest （1.2-1.6 f.ld）, increases in transcript expression were observed f.r eight mature miRNAs, including miR-la-1, miR-29b, miR-181b, miR-15a, miR-20a, miR-206 and miR-128-1, in the pectoral muscle of.torpid bats. Conversely, expression of.miR-21 decreased by 80% during torpor, while expression of.miR-107 remained unaf.ected. Interestingly, these miRNAs have been either validated or predicted to af.ect multiple muscle-specif.c f.ctors, including myostatin, f.xO3a, HDAC4 and SMADT, and are likely involved in the preservation of.pectoral muscle mass and f.nctionality during bat hibernation.

关键词： MlicroRNA Hibernation Metabolic rate depression Atrophy Dicer Myostatin

Indications and contraindications f.r shock wave lithotripsy and how to improve outcomes

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Asian Journal of.Urology 2018年第4期5卷 256-263页

作者： Luke f.Reynolds Tad Kroczak kenneth T.Pace Division of.Urology St.Michael’s HospitalTorontoCanada

f.r over 35 years shock wave lithotripsy has proven to be an ef.ective,saf. and truly minimally invasive option f.r the treatment of.*** technical f.ctors as well as patient selection can impact the success of.the *** used published work f.cusing on outcomes of.shock wave lithotripsy,risk of.complications,and strategies f.r improving stone f.agmentation to create this *** patient and technical f.ctors have been f.und to impact success of.*** to stone distance,stone density and composition,size and location of.the stone within the urinary system all inf.uence stone f.ee rates.A slower rate with a gradual increasing voltage,precise targeting,proper coupling will improve stone f.agmentation and decrease risk of.*** selection of.appropriate patients through a shared decision making process and attention to the technical f.ctors that improve stone f.ee rates is key to providing an ef.ective treatment and patient satisf.ction.

关键词： Kidney calculi Nephrolithiasis Urolithiasis Extracorporeal shock wave therapy Lithotripsy

MicroRNA Regulation in Extreme Environments: Dif.erential Expression of.MicroRNAs in the Intertidal Snail Littorina littorea During Extended Periods of.f.eezing and Anoxia

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinf.rmatics 2012年第5期10卷 302-309页

作者： Kyle K.Biggar Samantha f.Kornf.ld Yulia Maistrovski kenneth B.Storey Institute of.Biochemistry&Department of.Biology Carleton University

Several recent studies of.vertebrate adaptation to environmental stress have suggested roles f.r microRNAs （miRNAs） in regulating glo- bal suppression of.protein synthesis and/or restructuring protein expression patterns. The present study is the f.rst to characterize stress- responsive alterations in the expression of.miRNAs during natural f.eezing or anoxia exposures in an invertebrate species, the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea. These snails are exposed to anoxia and f.eezing conditions as their environment constantly f.uctuates on both a tidal and seasonal basis. The expression of.selected miRNAs that are known to inf.uence the cell cycle, cellular signaling pathways, carbohydrate metabolism and apoptosis was evaluated using RT-PCR. Compared to controls, signif.cant changes in expression were observed f.r miR-la-1, miR-34a and miR-29b in hepatopancreas and f.r miR-la-1, miR-34a, miR-133a, miR-125b, miR-29b and miR-2a in f.ot muscle af.er f.eezing exposure at -6 ~C f.r 24 h （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, in response to anoxia stress f.r 24 h, signif.cant changes in expression were also observed f.r miR-la-1, miR-210 and miR-29b in hepatopancreas and f.r miR-1 a-1, miR-34a, miR-133a, miR-29b and miR-2a in f.ot muscle （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, protein expression of.Dicer, an enzyme responsible f.r mature microRNA processing, was increased in f.ot muscle during f.eezing and anoxia and in hepatopancreas during f.eezing. Alterations in expression of.these miRNAs in L. littorea tissues may contribute to organismal survival under f.eezing and anoxia.

关键词： f.eeze tolerance Anaerobiosis Metabolic rate depression Periwinkle Marine mollusk

Disappearance and appearance of.an indigestible marker in f.ces f.om growing pigs as af.ected by previous-and currentdiet composition

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Journal of.Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 643-651页

作者： Brandy M.Jacobs John f.Patience Merlin D.Lindemann kenneth J.Stalder Brian J.Kerr Department of.Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmes 50010USA Department of.Animal and f.od Sciences University of KentuckyLexington 40546KYUSA USDA-ARS-National Laboratory f.r Agricultural and the Environment Ames 50010IAUSA

Background： Indigestible markers are commonly utilized in digestion studies, but the complete disappearance or maximum appearance of.a marker in f.ces can be af.ected by diet composition, f.ed intake, or an animal＇s *** objectives of.this study were to determine the impact of.previous（Phase 1, P1） and current-（Phase 2, P2）diet composition on marker disappearance（Cr） and appearance（Ti） in pigs f.d 3 diets dif.ering in NDf.***： When pigs were maintained on the 25.1, 72.5, and 125.0 g/kg NDf.diets, it took 5.1, 4.1, and 2.5 d, respectively,f.r Cr levels to decrease below the limit of.quantitation; or 4.6, 3.7, or 2.8 d, respectively, f.r Ti to be maximized. These ef.ects were not, however, independent of.the previous diet as indicated by the interaction between P1 and P2 diets on f.cal marker concentrations（P 〈 0.01）. When dietary NDf.increased f.om P1 to P2, it took less time f.r f.cal Cr to decrease or f.cal Ti to be maximized（an average of.2.5 d）, than if.NDf.decreased f.om P1 to P2 where it took longer f.r f.cal Cr to decrease or f.cal Ti to be maximized（an average of.3.4 d）.Conclusions： Because of.the wide range in excretion times reported in the literature and improved laboratory methods f.r elemental detection, the data suggests that caution must be taken in considering dietary f.ber concentrations of.the past and currently f.d diets so that no previous dietary marker addition remains in the digestive tract or f.ces such that a smal amount of.maker is present to conf.und subsequent experimental results, and that marker concentration have stabilized when these samples are col ected.

关键词： Adaptation Digestibility f.ber Indigestible marker Pig

Phylogenetic Relationships of.<i>Termitomyces aurantiacus</i>Inf.rred f.om Internal Transcribed Spacers DNA Sequences

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2015年第5期6卷 358-367页

作者： Shaf.quzzaman Siddiquee Kobun Rovina Laila Naher kenneth f. Rodrigues Md Akhter Uzzaman Biotechnology Research Institute Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia f.culty of.Agro-Based Industry Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus-17600 Kelantan Malaysia Planning and Development Division Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Dhaka Bangladesh

f.ngus-growing termites cultivate species of.the mutualistic basidiomycete genus Termitomyces on a substrate called the f.ngal comb. Identif.cation of.f.ngal species based on morphological f.atures is complicated, tedious, and prone to errors. As an alternative, nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences consisting of.the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S rDNA were used to identif. Malaysian isolates of.Termitomyces sp. The morphological characteristics and molecular data indicate that Malaysian Termitomyces isolated is clearly monophyletic and belongs to the Tricholomataceae f.mily. The Malaysian isolates analyzed in this study represent the termite f.ngus species called T. aurantiacus.

关键词： f.ngal Comb Internal Transcribed Spacers Morphological f.ature Phylogenetic Relationship