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Comparison of acid-detergent lignin,alkaline-peroxide lignin,and acid-detergent insoluble ash as internal markers for predicting fecal output and digestibility by cattle offered bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient composition

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 310-317页

作者： Juvenal Kanani dirk Philipp kenneth P Coffey Elizabeth B Kegley Charles P West Shane Gadberry John Jennings Ashley N Young Robert T Rhein division of Agriculture University of Arkansas department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University

Background： The potential for acid-detergent insoluble ash （AdIA）, alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL）, and acid-detergent lignin （AdL） to predict fecal output （FO） and dry matter digestibility （dMd） by cattle offered bermudagrass [Cynodon doctylon （L） Pers.] hays of different qualities was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 ± 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 hay diets： low （L）, medium low （ML）, medium high （MH）, and high （H） crude protein （CP） concentration （79, 111,131, and 164 g CP/kg on a dM basis, respectively）. diets were offered in 3 periods with 2 diet replicates per period and were rotated across cows between periods. Cows were individually fed 20 g dM/kg of body weight in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation followed by a 5-d total fecal collection. Actual dM intake （dMI）, dMd, and FO were determined based on hay offered, ort, and feces excreted. These components were then analyzed for AdL, APL, and AdIA concentration to determine marker recovery and marker-based estimates of FO and dMd. Results： Forage dMI was affected by diet （P = 0.02）, and dMI from MH and H was greater （P 〈 0.05） than from L. Apparent dMd tended （P = 0.08） to differ among diets while FO （P = 0.20） was not affected by diet treatments. Average AdL recovery （1.16） was greater （P 〈 0.05） than that of AdIA （1.03） and APL （1.06）, but AdIA and APL did not differ （P = 0.42）. Estimates of FO and dMd derived using APL and AdIA were not different （P≥0.05） from total fecal collection while those using AdL differed （P 〈 0.05）. There was no diet by marker interaction （P≥ 0.22） for either FO or dMd. Conclusion： Acid-detergent insoluble ash and APL accurately predicted FO and dMd of cattle fed bermudagrass hay of varying nutrient composition. These internal markers may facilitate studies involving large numbers of animals and forages. Results from such studies may be used to develop improved equations to predict energy values of forages based on the relationship of di

关键词： Acid-detergent insoluble ash Alkaline-peroxide lignin Bermudagrass Cattle digestibility Marker

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Thinking about Noncentrosymmetric Materials

Thinking about Noncentrosymmetric Materials

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第十四届固态化学与无机合成学术会议

作者： kenneth R.Poeppelmeier department of Chemistry Northwestern University

The design of noncentrosymmetric materials-materials that lack an inversion center-with large second-order dielectric responses,χ(2),and which efficiently achieve frequency conversion,has been a long-standing and difficult problem for organic and inorganic ***,nanolithography has sought UV lasers to create increasingly small lithographic *** pursue UV lasers,we seek new SHG active crystals to double the frequency of laser light to higher *** Chen’s "Anionic Group Theory" has established that efficient SHG-active crystals often have anions with aligned polar moments in the solid ***,to synthesize highly-efficient SHG crystals,a promising strategy is to utilize anions that inherently contain polar moments such as the oxide-fluoride KBeBOF(KBBF),discovered in the Chen *** this reason,our group has examined early transition metal cations with mixed oxidefluoride *** polar distortions are observed in metal oxide-fluoride anions containing the cations vanadium(V),niobium(Nb),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo) and tungsten(W).Owing to electronic effects,specifically Second-Order Jahn-Teller(SOJT) distortions,these d early transition metal cations undergo large out-of-center *** oxide phases of these metals,the Second-Order Jahn-Teller distortion is directed towards oxide ligand(s) of corner,edge,or face(s) of the anionic *** use of oxide-fluoride compounds enhances the distortion of the anion as the metal-fluoride bonds contain less valence than would exist for metal-oxide *** additional valence thus creates stronger M=O bonds and thus a stronger *** numerous inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid oxide-fluoride phases,with their distortions and non-spherical electronic environments,help establish principles and guidelines to target more generally SHG-active materials.

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Bilinexin,a snake C-type lectin from Agkistrodon bilineatus venom agglutinates platelets via GPIb and α2β1

Bilinexin,a snake C-type lectin from Agkistrodon bilineatus ...

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中国毒理学会生物毒素毒理专业委员会第4次、中国生物化学与分子生物学会毒素专业组第5次学术研讨会

作者： kenneth J.Clemetson Theodor Kocher Institute University of Beme CH-3012 Beme Switzerland and Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai200031 China.

A new snake protein,named bilinexin,has been purified from Agkistrodon bilineatusvenom by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration *** non-reducingconditions it has a mass of 110 kda protein on *** reduction,it can be separated into fivesubunits with masses in the range of 13-25 *** N-terminal sequences of these subunits are verysimilar to those of convulxin or the alboaggregins,identifying bilinexin as a new member of the snakeC-type lectin family,unusual in having multiple *** collagen-induced aggregation ofplatelets,bilinexin agglutinates fixed platelets,washed platelets and platelet rich plasma（PRP）withoutobvious activation（shape change）,confirmed by light microscope *** inhibitory andbinding studies indicate that antibodies against αβ inhibit not only platelet agglutination induced bybilinexin,but also bilinexin binding to ***16d,a monoclonal anti-GPIbαantibody,completely inhibits platelet agglutination induced by bilinexin,and polyclonal antibody against GPIbαprevents its binding to ***,Neither convulxin,polyclonal anti-GPVI antibody norGPIIb/IIIa inhibitors affect its binding to and agglutination of *** neither activatesGPIIb/IIIa integrin on platelets and nor induces tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet proteins,norincreases intracellular Cain *** alboaggregin B,bilinexin agglutinates platelets,whichmakes it a good tool to investigate the differences in mechanism between snake C-type lectins causingplatelet agglutination and those that induce full activation.

关键词： bilinexin,agglutinating platelets,GPIb,α2β1

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Household Poverty dimensions Influencing Forest dependence at Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda: An Application of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework

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Natural Resources 2014年第16期5卷 1031-1047页

作者： Ian E. Munanura kenneth F. Backman deWayne d. Moore Jeffrey C. Hallo Robert B. Powell department of Parks Recreation and Tourism Management Clemson University Clemson SC USA department of Psychology Clemson University Clemson SC USA

This paper explores the perceived relationship between household poverty and forest dependence among the poorest residents neighboring Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework, this paper examines the influence of household poverty on forest dependence. The findings reveal that food and health security risks are primary drivers of forest dependence. Education security risks however, were found to have an indirect influence. Both food and health security risks were found to have equal influence on forest dependence. The economic security risks traditionally believed to significantly influence forest dependence were not found to have a direct influence.

关键词： Household Poverty Sustainable Livelihoods Forest dependence

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Comparison of nutritional intake in US adolescent swimmers and non-athletes

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Health 2012年第10期4卷 873-880页

作者： Andy C. Collins kenneth d. Ward Bridget Mirza deborah L. Slawson Barbara S. McClanahan Christopher Vukadinovich College of Public Health East Tennessee State University Johnson City USA department of Epidemiology & Cancer Control St Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis USA department of Health and Sport Sciences The University of Memphis Memphis USA division of Social and Behavioral Sciences School of Public Health The University of Memphis Memphis USA Memphis USA

Swimming is a very popular sport among adolescents in the US. Little is known about the diet of competitive adolescent swimmers in the US but data from other countries indicate several inadequacies, including excessive intake of fat and lower than recommended intake of carbohydrate and several micronutrients that may affect athletic performance and bone accrual. We assessed usual diet, using a food frequency questionnaire and calcium checklist, among 191 adolescent males and females [91 swimmers (mean 13.7, s = 2.5 years) and 100 non-athletes (mean 14.4, s = 2.8 years)]. For both males and females, swimmers and non-athletes generally had similar average intakes of macro- and micro-nutrients, including higher than recommended amounts of total fat (36%) and saturated fat (12%), and inadequate amounts of calcium, vitamin d, and daily servings of fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. This first study of nutritional intake among adolescent swimmers in the US suggests that dietary habits of adolescents who swim competitively may jeopardize optimal athletic performance and place them at risk for future chronic diseases, including osteoporosis.

关键词： Nutrition dietary Intake Swimming Bone Health

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Population Pharmacokinetics of UCN-01

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第10期4卷 1513-1519页

作者： Charlene A. Baksh Martin J. Edelman Edward A. Sausville William d. Figg Hao Zhu kenneth S. Bauer Clinical Pharmacology Research Core National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda USA department of Pharmacy Practice and Science University of Maryland Baltimore School of Pharmacy Baltimore USA Office of Clinical Pharmacology Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring USA University of Maryland Greenbaum Cancer Center Baltimore USA

UCN-01 (7-Hydroxystaurosporine) is an investigational anticancer agent that is currently being evaluated as targeted therapy in phase II clinical studies. The aims of this work were to describe the population pharmacokinetics of UCN-01 in patients with advanced solid tumors, and to identify covariates in patients with advanced solid tumors that affected the pharmacokinetic parameters of UCN-01. The utility of performing this research is to provide optimization of treatment and individualized dose therapy for minimization of toxicity. So, in addition to elucidating the population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates from a Phase I trial where UCN-01 was given in combination with carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors, and a trial where the drug was given alone as a 72-hour infusion in the same type of population, a covariate analysis was performed in order to identify pharmacokinetic determinants of UCN-01. Using NONMEM to perform nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, a linear two-compartment model was found to provide the best fit for UCN-01 data. A meta-analysis was performed, which included pooled 3-hour and 72-hour infusion data, and provided population pharmacokinetic estimates for CL (0.0157 L/hr [6.1%RSE]), V1 (2.51 L [10.0% RSE]), Q (4.05 L/hr [14.3% RSE]), and V2 (8.39 L [6.6% RSE]). Inter-individual variability was found for each of the main pharmacokinetic parameters to be ETACL (44.9% [20.8% RSE]), ETAV1 (43.9% [39.8% RSE]), ETAQ (6.09% [62.5% RSE]), and ETAV2 (4.17% [30.0% RSE]). Body surface area was found to be a statistically-significant variable from one of the individual study analyses (3-hour infusion). Population PK modeling has contributed to a better understanding of the clinical pharmacology of UCN-01. dose individualization may improve treatment with UCN-01. Further clinical development may be supported by optimization of combination chemotherapy.

关键词： Pharmacokinetics UCN-01 7-Hydroxystaurosporine Pharmacometrics Population Modeling Phase I Clinical Pharmacology

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development comprehensive prognosis models for malignant gliomas

Development comprehensive prognosis models for malignant gli...

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中国抗癌协会神经肿瘤专业委员会第八届学术会议

作者： kenneth R.Hess departments of Biostatistics University of Texas M.D.AndersonHoustonTXUSA Cancer Center

＜正＞Malignant gliomas represent a heterogeneous spectrum of tumor types with diverse patient survival ***-surgical therapies showed very little *** of prognosis models based on histology or tumor origin（astrocytic ...

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STOKER GAS MATRIX BURNER Low Cost Gas Conversion for Stoker Boilers

STOKER GAS MATRIX BURNER Low Cost Gas Conversion for Stoker ...

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中美工业锅炉先进技术研讨会

作者： kenneth L.Maloney Ph.d.Calpenn Associates Inc.

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Forage and breed effects on behavior and temperament of pregnant beef heifers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 165-169页

作者： Angela R Mays Michael L Looper Benjamin C Williamson kenneth P Coffey Wayne K Coblentz Glen E Aiken Charles F Rosenkrans Jr department of Animal Science University of ArkansasFayetteville AR 72701 USA department of Agricultural Sciences Morehead StateUniversity327 Reed Hall Morehead KY 40351 USA USdA-ARS US Dairy Forage Research CenterMarshfield WI 54449 USA USdA-ARS Forage Animal Production Research UnitLexingtonKY 40546 USA

Background： Integration of behavioral observations with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production ***-influenced（BR;n = 64） and Gelbvieh × Angus（GA;n = 64） heifers consumed either toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（E＋） or one of two nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（NT） cultivars during two *** were weighed at midpoint and termination of *** behavior（grazing,resting in the shade,lying,or standing without grazing） was recorded（n = 13 visual observations per yr in June and July） for each *** yr 2,exit velocity（EV） and serum prolactin（PRL） were ***： Grazing behavior was influenced（P 0.05） by an interaction between fescue cultivar and breed *** × Angus heifers assigned to E＋ pastures had the lowest percentage of animals grazing and the largest percentage of animals resting in the ***-influenced heifers had faster EV（P 0.001） than GA heifers（0.52 vs.0.74 ± 0.04 s/m,respectively）.Body weight（BW） was affected（P 0.01） by an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and d,and an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and breed *** grazing NT pastures were heavier（P 0.01） than heifers grazing E＋ pastures at midpoint and *** × Angus heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier（P 0.01） than GA and BR heifers grazing E＋ and BR heifers grazing NT *** interaction of forage cultivar and breed type occurred on serum PRL（P 0.01）.Conclusion： Collectively fescue cultivar,EV,and concentrations of serum PRL were associated with grazing *** grazing NT pastures were observed to be grazing more than heifers assigned to E＋ pastures,regardless of breed type,which may have contributed to changes in BW and average daily gain（AdG） in *** of behavioral observations along with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle prod

关键词： Cattle Endophyte-infected tall fescue Grazing behavior Prolactin Temperament

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Outcomes of combination MRI-targeted and transperineal template biopsy in restaging low-risk prostate cancer for active surveillance

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Asian Journal of Urology 2018年第3期5卷 184-193页

作者： kenneth Chen Kae Jack Tay Yan Mee Law Hakan Aydin Henry Ho Christopher Cheng John Shyi Peng Yuen department of Urology Singapore General HospitalSingapore department of diagnostic Radiology Singapore General HospitalSingapore department of Pathology Singapore General HospitalSingapore

Objective:Active surveillance(AS)offers a strategy to reduce overtreatment and now is a widely accepted treatment option for low-risk prostate *** ideal tool for risk-stratification would detect aggressive cancers and exclude such men from taking up AS in the first *** evaluate if a combination of transperineal template biopsy with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-targeted biopsy identifies significant prostate cancer amongst men initially diagnosed with low-risk prostate ***:This prospective,single-blinded study included men with low-risk prostate cancer(d’Amico’s Criteria)diagnosed on conventional transrectal ultrasound-guided *** first underwent multiparametric MRI of the prostate6 weeks after initial *** suspicious lesion is mapped and assigned a Prostate Imaging Reporting and data System(PIRAdS)*** biopsy is first performed with the surgeon blinded to MRI findings followed by MRI-targeted biopsy using a robotic transperineal biopsy ***:The age of the 19 men included is 65.4±4.9 years(mean±Sd).Prostate specific antigen(PSA)at diagnosis and at the time of transperineal biopsy were comparable(7.3±1.7 ng/mL and 7.0±1.8 ng/mL,p Z 0.67),so were prostate volumes(34.2±8.9 mL and 32.1±13.4 mL,p Z 0.28).MRI-targeted biopsy had a higher percentage of cancer detection per core compared to template biopsy(11.7%vs.6.5%,p Z 0.02),this was more than 3 times superior for Gleason 7 disease(5.9%vs.1.6%,pd significant disease with MRI-targeted biopsy *** of 19 patients(15.8%)had significant disease with template biopsy *** combination,both techniques upclassified five patients(26.3%),all of whom underwent radical *** mount histology confirmed tumour location and *** six patients with PIRAdS 5 lesions had cancer detected(66.6%significant disease).Conclusion:A combination of MRI-targeted and template biopsy may optimally risk-classi

关键词： Active surveillance Magnetic resonance imaging Targeted biopsy Transperineal prostate biopsy Robotic biopsy Low-risk prostate cancer

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