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Bioherbicidal Efficacy of a Myrothecium verrucaria-Sector on Several Plant Species

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第16期7卷 2376-2389页

作者： Robert E. Hoagland Clyde d. Boyette kenneth C. Stetina Robin H. Jordan United States department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USdA-ARS) Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville MS USA United States department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USdA-ARS) Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville MS USA

Comparative studies were conducted on mycelial preparations of the bioherbicide, Myrothecium verrucaria (MV) strain IMI 361690 and a recently discovered sector (MV-Sector BSH) of this fungus. The whitish sector was discovered, isolated, grown in pure culture on PdA and found to be a stable, non-spore producing mutant when cultured over several months under conditions that cause circadian sporulation during growth of its MV parent. Application of MV and MV-Sector BSH mycelial preparations to intact plants (hemp sesbania and sicklepod) and leaf discs (kudzu and glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth) showed that the sector efficacy was generally equal to, or slightly lower than MV. Bioassays of MV and this sector on seed germination and early growth of sicklepod and hemp sesbania seeds demonstrated that hemp sesbania seeds were slightly more sensitive to the fungus than sicklepod seeds and that the sector bioherbicidal activity was slightly less than that of MV. SdS-PAGE protein profiles of cellular extracts of MV and the sector and their respective culture supernatants showed several differences with respect to quantity and number of certain protein bands. Overall results showed that the isolate was a non-spore producing mutant with phytotoxicity to several weeds (including weeds tolerant or resistant to glyphosate), and that the phytotoxic effects were generally equivalent to those caused by MV treatment. Results of this first report of a non-sporulating MV mutant that suggest additional studies on protein analysis, and an extended weed host range under greenhouse and field conditions are needed in order to further evaluate its possible bioherbicidal potential.

关键词： Bioherbicide Glyphosate-Resistance Palmer Amaranth Kudzu Hemp Sesbania Sicklepod Myrothecium verrucaria Fungal Sector

Science:研究发现脊髓修复的关键蛋白CTGF

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现代生物医学进展 2017年第6期17卷 I0002-I0003页

作者： Mayssa H Mokalled Chinmoy Patra Amy L dickson Toyokazu Endo didier Y R Stainier kenneth d Poss department of Cell Biology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA. department of developmental Genetics Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research 61231 Bad Nauheim Germany. department of Cell Biology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA. kenneth.poss@duke.edu.

斑马鱼能够做一件神奇的事情：它的脊髓在被切断后能够完全愈合，但是对人类而言，这是一种瘫痪性的经常是致命性的损伤。在一项新的研究中，来自美国杜克大学的研究人员在观察斑马鱼修复它们自身的脊髓损伤时。他们发现一种特定的蛋白... 详细信息

斑马鱼能够做一件神奇的事情：它的脊髓在被切断后能够完全愈合，但是对人类而言，这是一种瘫痪性的经常是致命性的损伤。在一项新的研究中，来自美国杜克大学的研究人员在观察斑马鱼修复它们自身的脊髓损伤时。他们发现一种特定的蛋白在这个过程中发挥着重要作用。这一发现可能导致人体组织修复取得新的进展。相关研究结果发表在Science期刊上。当斑马鱼被切断的脊髓经历再生时，一种桥状结构会形成。首批细胞延伸一段为它们的自己长度的几十倍的距离。并且跨过这种损伤产生的宽宽的切断口将切断的脊髓连接起来。神经细胞随后也这样做。到8周时，新的神经组织填充这个切断口。因而这些斑马鱼完全逆转了它们的严重瘫痪症状。

关键词：脊髓损伤组织修复 CTGF 蛋白神经细胞瘫痪症状斑马鱼研究人员

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三边交会定点简易平差（摘译）

浙江测绘 1984年第2期 70-72页

作者： kenneth d Robertson[美]

由两个已知点到一个未知点的距离，即可确定未知点点位。由三个未知点得三段距离则提供了多余观测、较佳图形强度，并可以发现错误和便于精度估算。由三段距离可得未知点的三个参考位置，并由此计算最终的未知点点位平差值。

关键词：简易平差交会定点多余观测图形强度精度估算距离平差值点位

双标水法:实验室之间的稳定同位素测量对比(英文)

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兽类学报 1993年第2期13卷 142-148页

作者： kenneth A.Nagy 尹观加利福尼亚大学生物系成都地质学院同位素实验室

双标水(doubly labeled water,dLW)法是研究动物野外能量代谢最准确的方法,其中最关键、最困难的环节是同位素的定量分析。为了检验不同同位素实验室测定动物血样氢氧同位素丰度的准确性及其对估算能量代谢的影响程度,成都地质学院(CCG... 详细信息

双标水(doubly labeled water,dLW)法是研究动物野外能量代谢最准确的方法,其中最关键、最困难的环节是同位素的定量分析。为了检验不同同位素实验室测定动物血样氢氧同位素丰度的准确性及其对估算能量代谢的影响程度,成都地质学院(CCG)和美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉机分校(UCLA)的同位素实验室于1990年5月开展了合作,以成都附近农村的5只山羊为研究对象进行了双标水法的实验。将采集的动物血样分别在两个实验室进行了d和^(13)O含量测定,取得了成功的结果:两个实验室所测得的^(13)O值近于相同,而UCLA同位素实验室测得的^(13)O值略高于CCG的测定值。由此所计算出的能量代谢值却非常接近,其差值平均为6.6％;水循环平均相差1.2％,差异均不显著(P>0.05)。UCLA实验室的质谱仪已为英国和荷兰的同类实验室所校正,这确认了我们的合作测定成果的可信度和有效性,证明CCG和UCLA实验室的测定结果均可以满足双标法同位素定量测定的需要。测定结果是可信的。本文还就两地实验室所测结果产生误差的原因进行了初步分析,对于进行同类研究的其它实验室也有借鉴意义。

关键词：双标水同位素能量代谢

Ultra-resolution scalable microprinting

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微系统与纳米工程(英文) 2023年第3期9卷 195-207页

作者： Callum Vidler kenneth Crozier david Collins department of Biomedical Engineering University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia School of Physics University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia Australian Research Council(ARC)Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia The Graeme Clark Institute The University of MelbourneParkville 3052 VICAustralia

Projection micro stereolithography(PµSL)is a digital light processing(dLP)based printing technique for producing structured *** this approach there is often a tradeoff between the largest object that can be printed and the minimum feature size,with higher resolution generally reducing the overall extent of the *** ability to produce structures with high spatial resolution and large overall volume,however,is immensely important for the creation of hierarchical materials,microfluidic devices and bioinspired *** this work,we report a low-cost system with 1µm optical resolution,representing the highest resolution system yet developed for the creation of micro-structured parts whose overall dimensions are nevertheless on the order of *** do so,we examine the limits at which PµSL can be applied at scale as a function of energy dosage,resin composition,cure depth and in-plane feature *** doing so we develop a unique exposure composition approach that allows us to greatly improve the resolution of printed *** ability to construct high-resolution scalable microstructures has the potential to accelerate advances in emerging areas,including 3d metamaterials,tissue engineering and bioinspired constructs.

关键词： lithography resolution printing

How United States Agricultural Herbicides Became Military and Environmental Chemical Weapons: Historical and Residual Effects

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第2期12卷 13-81页

作者： kenneth R. Olson Larry Cihacek department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA School of Natural Resource Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo USA

discoveries in Charles darwin’s laboratory led to modern herbicides. darwin discovered the internal mechanism that directed plants to grow toward sunlight and sources of water. Scientists in Europe and America later called this mechanism a plant’s hormone response system. Administrators and scientists, including dr. Ezra J. Kraus, the Head of the Botany department at the University of Chicago and a plant physiologist, suggested on the eve of WWII that weed killers had significant military value as chemical weapons. dr. Kraus obtained access to a synthetic chemical, 2,4-d, and found that when the chemical was absorbed through the leaves of plants, it destroyed a plant’s hormones. After exposure, the plant experienced rapid and uncontrolled growth, and then the leaves shriveled, died and fell off. dr. Kraus obtained funding for his department of Botany research program from department of defense (dOd) during World War II (WWII). Camp detrick (Biological Weapons Laboratory) scientists later obtained samples of newly created 2,4,5-T which contained unknown amounts of the by-product dioxin TCdd. In the 1950s and 1960s, Fort detrick military scientists formulated the herbicide Agent Orange, which was a 50 - 50 mixture of 2,4-d and 2,4,5-T. These dual purpose herbicides were used by dOd and USdA. American and European farmers in the 1940s used 2,4-d and 2,4,5-T to eliminate weeds from pastureland and cropland. After WWII, synthetic herbicides (and pesticides) development continued in tandem with production of synthetic fertilizers and breeding of high-yield plant varieties. These new agricultural products were then shipped worldwide to increase crop yields, as part of the Green Revolution. This new system of agricultural technologies was intended to eliminate global starvation and increase food security by increasing field and farm crop yields. In contrast, the goal of military use of herbicides, as chemical weapons, was to defoliate jungle forests and destroy food crops a

关键词： Agent Orange Agent Blue dioxin TCdd Cacodylic Acid Arsenic Environmental Weapons Chemical Weapons Ecocide TIBA 2 4-d 2 4 5 -T Ezra J. Kraus Arthur W. Galston Green Revolution Agricultural Herbicides

Long-Term Environmental Impacts of Pesticide and Herbicide Use in Panama Canal Zone

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2021年第9期11卷 403-434页

作者： kenneth R. Olson donna Tornoe Professor Emeritus of Soil Science in the department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA director Veterans of Panama Canal Zone Military Veterans Advocacy Slidell USA

The opening of the Panama Canal in 1913 transformed ocean-shipping and the availability of internationally-traded goods, shortened travel time between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, increased ship tonnage, and sparked the growth of port authorities on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the Panama Canal. Historically, the United States was number one and China was number two in tons of cargo that pass through the canal annually in the high stakes game of import and export markets. Prior to the construction of the Panama Canal, the most efficient way to cross the 82-kilometer isthmus, between the Port of Panama City on the Pacific and the Port of Colon on the Atlantic, was by mule trails through tropical forests and river transportation. Since the construction of the Panama Canal through tropical forests in the 1910s, pesticides have been essential for managing mosquitoes as well as controlling wetland vegetation that blocked lakes, rivers and the canal. The primary objective of this research study is to document the long-term environmental impacts of pesticide and herbicide use in the Panama Canal Zone. Many of these chemicals, including 2, 4,-D, 2, 4, 5-T and DDT, have a long half-life under water and some, like arsenic (As), have no half-life. Pesticides and chemicals flowed into Lake Gatun via surface runoff either in solution or attached to the sediment during the rainy season. The by-product 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCdd) is an unanticipated contaminant created during the manufacture of the herbicide 2,4,5-T. TCdd can bio-accumulate in fish and birds and enter into the human food supply. The extent of the current chemical and pesticide contamination on former U.S. military base grounds and in Lake Gatun is unknown. Systematic soil sampling of current and former military bases, chemical disposal sites and Lake Gatun or the Panama Canal sediments is needed to determine if mitigation is necessary.

关键词： Arsenic dams ddT dioxin TCdd 2 4-d 2 4 5-T Howard Air Force Base Hyacinths Lake Gatun Locks Mosquitoes Pesticides Termites

Likelihood of hospitalization for a chronic respiratory condition following pediatric infection with enterovirus and rhinovirus strains

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Infectious Medicine 2022年第4期1卷 245-252页

作者： Charlotte Switzer Chris PVerschoor kenneth Gavina dominik Mertz Kathy Luinstra Jeffrey MPernica Marek Smieja dept.of Health Methods Evaluation and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA dept.of Medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA dept.of Pediatrics McMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA dept.of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA Research Institute of St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton HamiltonON CANADA Health Sciences North Research Institute SudburyON CANADA

Background:Rhino-enteroviruses,particularly enterovirus strain d68(EV-d68),have been associated with severe respiratory distress in *** goal of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of children with EV-d68 infection to that of children with other enterovirus/***:Nasopharyngeal swabs from 174 children presenting with respiratory distress were tested by PCR for respiratory *** primary outcome was diagnosis of a chronic respiratory condition within the followup *** to intensive care,and length of stay were *** ratios were determined using multinomial logistic ***:during 5 years of follow-up,the crude odds of diagnosis with a chronic respiratory condition were significantly more likely in EV-d68 cases(OR:1.95,95%CI:1.02,3.82),but failed to remain significant after adjusting for a past history of *** admission for a primary concern of asthma,length of stay both in hospital and intensive care were significantly longer in EV-d68 cases(OR:2.10[95%CI:1.56,2.82,pd(OR:5.18[95%CI:1.90,6.28,pdjustment for a history of asthma,EV-d68 cases had significantly longer length of stay in hospital,admitted for 1.94 days for each day that controls were admitted(95%CI:1.40,2.68).In admissions to intensive care,EV-d68 cases spent 2.74 days for each day of admission in controls(95%CI:1.62,4.97,pdy to assess prognostic respiratory outcomes of patients infected with EV-d68 in *** study finds that EV-d68 cases were significantly more likely be hospitalized for longer than other enterovirus/rhinovirus controls in subsequent admissions for respiratory *** for intensive care was significantly longer in EV-d68 *** next steps will be validation in a larger sample size.

关键词： Enterovirus-d68 Pediatric infectious disease Respiratory infection Asthma

Response of Asiatic ibex(Capra sibirica) under Climate Change Scenarios

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020年第1期11卷 27-37页

作者： Eric Ariel L.SALAS Raul VALdEZ Stefan MICHEL kenneth G.BOYKIN Agricultural Research and development Program College of Science and EngineeringCentral State UniversityWilberforceOH 45384USA department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation EcologyNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA IUCN Species Survival Commission Caprinae Specialist GroupKannawurf D-06578Germany

We investigated the effects of climate change on the distribution of the Asiatic ibex(Capra sibirica)in eastern *** existing climate change studies have been conducted on the habitat of a wild goat species in *** conducted ecological niche modelling to compare potential present and future distributions of suitable environmental conditions for *** to 2070,18%(2689 km^2)of the current suitable areas would be lost,mostly located in the southeastern and northwestern regions of the study ***,new suitable habitats could expand outside the current ibex range—about 30%(4595 km^2)expansion until *** found that the elevation,terrain roughness,seasonal temperature,and precipitation of warmest quarter were the most important factors in the models and had strong correlations to ibex *** losses in the southeastern portion overlapped most of the current locations of ibex in that *** losses were observed in the much lower elevations of the study area(3500 m to 4000 m).When considering both loss and gain,the ibex could see a net expansion to new suitable *** 30%(1379 km^2)of the average habitat gains for the Asiatic ibex in 2070 showed a shift to northern lower temperature *** results are beneficial in planning for the potential effects on biodiversity conservation in the eastern mountain region of Tajikistan under climate change *** attention should be given to the ibex populations in the southeastern region,where habitats could become unsuitable for the species as a result of the climate-induced effects on the mountain ecosystem.

关键词： ensemble forecasting models global climate change species distribution modeling mountain ungulates