检索结果-南通市图书馆

Why ecosystem characteristics predicted from remotely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the same time-and how this affects applications

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik J.Persson Magnus Ekstrom Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan Holmgren Eva Lindberg kenneth Nystrom Emanuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson Ronald E.McRoberts Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environmental sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Remotely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and mapping ecosystem characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall information is sometimes proposed as the best possible source of information for ***,wall-to-wall information typically relies on model-based prediction,and several features of model-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that model-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the same time,which has important implications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional model-unbiasedness paradigm that underpins most prediction techniques using remotely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,model-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific domains,identified based on their true values,the same model-based predictors can be considered biased,and sometimes severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional model-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of model-based estimators,defined as the difference between the expected value of a model-based estimator and the true value of the quantity being *** show that model-based estimators(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from overestimating small true values to underestimating large true ***,we give examples of applications where this is important to acknowledge and to potentially make adjustments to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional model-unbiasedness may lead to mistakes in several areas of application that use predictions from remotely sensed data.

关键词： Bias Model-based inference Design-based inference

Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne M. G. Neevel kenneth D. S. Fernald Linda H. M. van de Burgwal Athena Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Diseases Funding Decision Evaluation Criteria Health Research Funding Research Impact

Long-term impact of artificial intelligence on colorectal adenoma detection in high-risk colonoscopy

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第6期16卷 335-342页

作者： kenneth W Chow Matthew T Bell Nicholas Cumpian Maryanne Amour Ryan H Hsu Viktor E Eysselein Neetika Srivastava Michael W Fleischman Sofiya Reicher Department of Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States Department of Bioengineering Jacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093United States Department of Gastroenterology Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States

BACKGROUND Improved adenoma detection rate(ADR)has been demonstrated with artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted ***,data on the real-world appli-cation of AI and its effect on colorectal cancer(CRC)screening outcomes is *** To analyze the long-term impact of AI on a diverse at-risk patient population undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy for positive CRC screening tests or *** AI software(GI Genius,Medtronic)was implemented into the standard proced-ure protocol in November *** was collected on patient demographics,procedure indication,polyp size,location,and *** screening outcomes were evaluated before and at different intervals after AI introduction with one year of *** We evaluated 1008 colonoscopies(278 pre-AI,255 early post-AI,285 established post-AI,and 190 late post-AI).The ADR was 38.1%pre-AI,42.0%early post-AI(P=0.77),40.0%established post-AI(P=0.44),and 39.5%late post-AI(P=0.77).There were no significant differences in polyp detection rate(PDR,baseline 59.7%),advanced ADR(baseline 16.2%),and non-neoplastic PDR(baseline 30.0%)before and after AI *** In patients with an increased pre-test probability of having an abnormal colonoscopy,the current generation of AI did not yield enhanced CRC screening metrics over high-quality *** the potential of AI in colonoscopy is undisputed,current AI technology may not universally elevate screening metrics across all situations and patient *** studies that analyze different AI systems across various patient populations are needed to determine the most effective role of AI in optimizing CRC screening in clinical practice.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Colonoscopy Adenoma detection rate screening Colorectal adenoma

Targeting the core of neurodegeneration:FoxO,mTOR,and SIRT1

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 448-455页

作者： kenneth Maiese Cellular and Molecular Signaling New York New YorkNYUSA

The global increase in lifespan noted not only in developed nations,but also in large developing countries parallels an observed increase in a significant number of noncommunicable diseases,most notable neurodegenerative *** disorders present a number of challenges for treatment options that do not resolve disease ***,it is believed by the year 2030,the services required to treat cognitive disorders in the United States alone will exceed$2 trillion *** forkhead transcription factors,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1(Saccharomyces cerevisiae),the mechanistic target of rapamycin,and the pathways of autophagy and apoptosis offer exciting avenues to address these challenges by focusing upon core cellular mechanisms that may significantly impact nervous system *** pathways are intimately linked such as through cell signaling pathways involving protein kinase B and can foster,sometimes in conjunction with trophic factors,enhanced neuronal survival,reduction in toxic intracellular accumulations,and mitochondrial *** mechanisms among these pathways also exist that can oversee reparative processes in the nervous ***,mammalian forkhead transcription factors,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1,mechanistic target of rapamycin,and autophagy can lead to cellular demise under some scenarios that may be dependent upon the precise cellular environment,warranting future studies to effectively translate these core pathways into successful clinical treatment strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease apoptosis autophagy erythropoietin forkhead FoxO mechanistic target of rapamycin silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

Novel applications of trophic factors,Wnt and WISP for neuronal repair and regeneration in metabolic disease

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第4期10卷 518-528页

作者： kenneth Maiese Cellular and Molecular Signaling

Diabetes mellitus affects almost 350 million individuals throughout the globe resulting in sig-niifcant morbidity and mortality. Of further concern is the growing population of individuals that remain undiagnosed but are susceptible to the detrimental outcomes of this disorder. Dia-betes mellitus leads to multiple complications in the central and peripheral nervous systems that include cognitive impairment, retinal disease, neuropsychiatric disease, cerebral ischemia, and peripheral nerve degeneration. Although multiple strategies are being considered, novel target-ing of trophic factors, Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1, and stem cell tissue regeneration are considered to be exciting prospects to overcome the cellular mechanisms that lead to neuronal injury in diabetes mellitus involving oxidative stress, apoptosis, and au-tophagy. Pathways that involve insulin-like growth factor-1, ifbroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and erythropoietin can govern glucose homeostasis and are intimately tied to Wnt signaling that involves Wnt1 and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 （CCN4） to foster control over stem cell proliferation, wound repair, cognitive decline,β-cell proliferation, vascular regeneration, and programmed cell death. Ultimately, cellular metabolism through Wnt signal-ing is driven by primary metabolic pathways of the mechanistic target of rapamycin and AMP activated protein kinase. These pathways offer precise biological control of cellular metabolism, but are exquisitely sensitive to the different components of Wnt signaling. As a result, unexpected clinical outcomes can ensue and therefore demand careful translation of the mechanisms that govern neural repair and regeneration in diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease AMPK apoptosis autophagy central nervous system CCN4 EGF diabetes mellitus erythropoietin EPO FGF IGF-1 mTOR neuron neuropathy oxidative stress psychiatric stem cells WISP1 Wnt

Novel nervous and multi-system regenerative therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus with mTOR

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第3期11卷 372-385页

作者： kenneth Maiese Cellular and Molecular Signaling Newark NJ USA

Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this *** impacts multiple organs and affects all components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that can range from dementia to diabetic *** mechanistic target of rapamycin（m TOR） is a promising agent for the development of novel regenerative strategies for the treatment of DM.m TOR and its related signaling pathways impact multiple metabolic parameters that include cellular metabolic homeostasis,insulin resistance,insulin secretion,stem cell proliferation and differentiation,pancreatic β-cell function,and programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy.m TOR is central element for the protein complexes m TOR Complex 1（m TORC1） and m TOR Complex 2（m TORC2） and is a critical component for a number of signaling pathways that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI 3-K）,protein kinase B（Akt）,AMP activated protein kinase（AMPK）,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（SIRT1）,Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1（WISP1）,and growth *** a result,m TOR represents an exciting target to offer new clinical avenues for the treatment of DM and the complications of this *** studies directed to elucidate the delicate balance m TOR holds over cellular metabolism and the impact of its broad signaling pathways should foster the translation of these targets into effective clinical regimens for DM.

关键词： Akt AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK) apoptosis Alzheimer’s disease autophagy β-cell cancer cardiovascular disease caspase CCN family diabetes mellitus epidermal growth factor erythropoietin fibroblast growth factor forkhead transcription factors Fox O FRAP1 hamartin(tuberous sclerosis 1)/tuberin(tuberous sclerosis 2)(Tsc1/Tsc2) insulin mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR) m TOR Complex 1(m T ORC1) m TOR Complex 2(m TORC2) nicotinamide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+) non-communicable diseases oxidative stress phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI 3-K) programmed cell death silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)(SIRT1) sirtuin stem cells wingless Wnt Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1(WISP1)

Tribological Performance of Coated Surfaces

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 20-27页

作者： kenneth Holmberg Anssi Laukkanen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Espoo FinlandVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Espoo Finland

The fundamentals of coating tribology is presented in a generalised holistic approach to friction and wear mechanisms of coated surfaces in dry sliding contacts. It is based on a classification of the tribological contact process into macromechanical, micromechanical, tribochemical contact mechanisms and material transfer. The tribological contact process is dominated by the macromechanical mechanisms, which have been systematically analysed by using four main parameters: the coating-to-substrate hardness relationship, the film thickness, the surface roughness and the debris in the contact. In this paper special attention is given to the microlevel mechanisms, and in particular new techniques for modelling the elastic, plastic and brittle behaviour of the surface by finite element (FEM) computer simulations. The contact condition with a sphere sliding over a plate coated with a very thin hard coating is analysed. A three dimensional FEM model has been developed for calculating the first principal stress distribution in the scratch tester contact of a diamond spherical tip moving with increased load on a 2 thick titanium nitride (TiN) coated steel surface. The model is comprehensive in that sense that it considers elastic, plastic and fracture behaviour of the contact surfaces. By identifying from a scratch experiment the location of the first crack and using this as input data can the fracture toughness of the coating be determined.

关键词：硬敷层 FEM 应力模拟断口摩擦性能贴合表面

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Texas Helimak

Plasma science and Technology 2008年第3期10卷 284-289页

作者： kenneth W.GENTLE Fusion Research Center University of Texas at Austin Texas USA

Helimak is an experimental approximation to the ideal cylindrical slab, a onedimensional magnetized plasma with magnetic curvature and shear. The Texas Helimak realizes this approximation to a large degree; the finite size of the device can be neglected for many phenomena. Specifically, the drift-wave turbulence characteristic of a slab is observed with scale lengths small compared with the device size. The device and the general features of its behavior are described here. The device is capable of studying drift-wave turbulence, scrape-off layer （SOL） turbulence, and the stabilization of turbulence by imposing velocity shear.

关键词： plasma turbulence drift waves particle transport turbulence suppression

Driving neural regeneration through the mammalian target of rapamycin

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第15期9卷 1413-1417页

作者： kenneth Maiese Cellular and Molecular Signaling Newark NJUSA

Neurodegenerative disorders affect more than 30 million individuals throughout the world and lead to significant disability as well as death. These statistics will increase almost exponentially as the lifespan and age of individuals increase globally and individuals become more susceptible to acute disorders such as stroke as well as chronic diseases that involve cognitive loss, Alzheimer＇s disease, and Parkinson＇s disease. Current therapies for such disorders are effective only for a small subset of individuals or provide symptomatic relief but do not alter disease progression. One exciting therapeutic approach that may turn the tide for addressing neurodegenerative disorders involves the mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）. mTOR is a component of the protein complexes roTOR Complex 1 （mTORC1） and mTOR Complex 2 （mTORC2） that are ubiquitous throughout the body and control multiple functions such as gene transcription, metabolism, cell survival, and cell senescence, roTOR through its relationship with phosphoinositide 3-kinas e （PI 3-K） and protein kinase B （Akt） and multiple downstream signaling pathways such as p70 ribosomal $6 kinase （p70S6K） and proline rich Akt substrate 40 kDa （PRAS40） promotes neuro- nal cell regeneration through stem cell renewal and oversees critical pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis to foster protection against neurodegenerative disorders. Targeting by mTOR of specific pathways that drive long-term potentiation, synaptic plasticity, and [3-amyl old toxicity may offer new strategies for disorders such as stroke and Alzheimer＇s disease. Overall, mTOR is an essential neuroprotective pathway but must be carefully targeted to maximize clini- cal efficacy and eliminate any clinical toxic side effects.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease apoptosis autophagy mTOR necroptosis rapamycin stem cells stroke