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Investigation of soil Aggressiveness towards Underground Fuel storage Tanks and Water Pipelines in Parts of Bayelsa state, southern Nigeria

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Engineering（科研） 2012年第11期4卷 761-767页

作者： kenneth s. Okiongbo Edirin Akpofure Department of Geology & Physics Niger Delta University Amassoma Nigeria

structural failure of buried cast/ductile iron water mains and tanks due to corrosion attacks manifests in leaks and is common in most cities throughout Nigeria. The appropriate corrective action, which aims to restore pipe/tank integrity is usually based on proper understanding of the degree of corrosiveness of the soil. In an attempt to determine the potential corrosiveness of the soil to buried metallic structures in Bayelsa state, surface geoelectrical sounding was carried out. Twenty-five schlumberger Vertical Electrical soundings (VEs) was carried out in the freshwater and meander belt geomorphic zone and the salt water mangrove swamp and estuary complex of the state using a maximum current electrode separation ranging from 200 - 400 m. The data obtained was interpreted by computer iterative modeling using a 1D inversion technique software (1X1D, Interpex, UsA). The results show a high degree of heterogeneity, both laterally and vertically, which is typical of a complex depositional environment. Generally, the sub-soil condition within the expected depth of installation of water mains and storage tanks (0 - 10 m) is slightly or moderately aggressive (effective aggressivity) in the freshwater and meander belt geomorphic zone but is very strongly aggressive in the salt water mangrove swamp and estuary complex. Corrosion cells which may lead to significant corrosion failures may occur in the vicinities of strongly aggressive stations. This poses a significant corrosion risk to metallic water pipes and storage tanks. Current day design should therefore either mandate the use of a non-metallic piping product (water mains) or cathodic protection system. Prediction of potential corrosiveness of a soil and thus the application of proper corrosion control measures will not only protect the environment from spillages but will also avert cost of repair, clean-up and replacement.

关键词： soil Corrosivity Potential Water Pipelines soil Aggressivity Electrical Resistivity Cathodic Protection

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Determination of Aquifer Properties and Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping Using Geoelectric Method in Yenagoa City and Its Environs in Bayelsa state, south south Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第6期4卷 354-362页

作者： kenneth s. Okiongbo Edirin Akpofure Department of Geology & Physics Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria

Nineteen schlumberger vertical electrical soundings (VEs) were carried out within and around Yenagoa city, south south Nigeria, using a maximum current electrode separation ranging between 300 - 400 m. The objectives of the study were 1) to evaluate the possibility of mapping Quaternary sediments to infer the geological structure from the electrical interpretation and identify formations that may hold fresh water with low concentration of conducting minerals such as iron 2) to evaluate the vulnerability of the aquifer in the study area. The interpretation of the data collected was by computer assisted iterative interpretation using 1-D inversion technique software (1X1D, Interpex, UsA). The results of the interpretation revealed four distinct geoelectric layers. sounding curve types obtained in the area are mostly of the form ρ1 > ρ2 ρ3 ρ4 (where ρ is the density) but fresh water lenses with low concentration of conducting minerals such as iron were obtained only in locations that exhibit ρ1 > ρ2 ρ3 ρ4 curve types. Depth to the aquifer ranges from 4.5 m in the vicinity of VEs 05 to 27.0 m at the vicinity of VEs 14. The resistivity of the aquiferous horizon varies between 60 - 2868 Ωm. high transverse resistance values obtained were associated with zones of high transmissivity which agrees with the geology of the Benin Formation (Coastal Plain sands) consisting of fine-medium-coarse sands. The aquifer vulnerability map illustrates the impermeability of the overburden clay layer. Values of >0.5 mhos indicate good protective capacity, while values hos indicate vulnerable zones with probable risk of contamination.

关键词： Geoelectrical soundings Aquifer Properties Transmissivity Transverse Resistance

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A decision framework for identifying models to estimate forest ecosystem services gains from restoration

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 126-137页

作者： Zachary L. Christin kenneth J. Bagstad Michael A. Verdone Earth Economics 107 N Tacoma Ave Tacoma WA 98403 USA. U.s. Geological survey Geosciences & Environmental Change Science Center Box 25046 MS 980 Denver CO 80225 USA. International Union for the Conservation of Nature 1630 Connecticut Ave. NW #300 Washington DC 20009 USA.

Restoring degraded forests and agricultural lands has become a global conservation priority. A growing number of tools can quantify ecosystem service tradeoffs associated with forest restoration. This evolving ＂tools landscape＂ presents a dilemma： more tools are available, but selecting appropriate tools has become more challenging. We present a Restoration Ecosystem service Tool selector （REsTs） framework that describes key characteristics of 13 ecosystem service assessment tools. Analysts enter information about their decision context, services to be analyzed, and desired outputs. Tools are filtered and presented based on five evaluative criteria： scalability, cost, time requirements, handling of uncertainty, and applicability to benefit-cost analysis. REsTs uses a spreadsheet interface but a web-based interface is planned. Given the rapid evolution of ecosystem services science, REsTs provides an adaptable framework to guide forest restoration decision makers toward tools that can help quantify ecosystem services in support of restoration.

关键词： Decision support Ecosystem services Forest restoration Modeling Valuation Comparative toolsassessment

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Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第24期134卷 2911-2921页

作者： Rafael s.Rios kenneth I.Zheng Ming-hua Zheng NAFLD Research Center Department of Hepatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325000China

The emergence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)as the leading chronic liver disease worldwide raises some *** particular,NAFLD is closely tied to sedentary lifestyle habits and associated with other metabolic diseases,such as obesity and *** the end of the disease spectrum,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NAsh)may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(hCC),representing a serious health problem to modern ***,an increasing number of hCC cases originating from this progressive disease spectrum have been identified,with different levels of severity and *** the current guidelines by placing a bigger focus on this emerging cause and highlighting some of its unique features is ***,the drivers of the disease are complex and multifactorial,in order to improve future outcomes,having a better understanding of NAsh progression into hCC may be *** risks that can promote disease progression and currently available management strategies employed to monitor and treat NAsh-related hCC make up the bulk of this review.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Liver disease hepatocellular carcinoma Insulin resistance Oxidative stress Metabolic associated fatty liver disease

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左心耳封堵术之Watchman装置

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中国实用内科杂志 2015年第12期35卷 991-997页

作者：侯东明 Akinapelli A Alex P Nicole G kenneth s Barbara h 于波李健克瑞顿大学医学中心美国奥马哈55311 中国医科大学附属第一医院心内科

心房颤动(简称房颤)是临床疾病诊治过程中最常遇见的一种快速性心律失常。非瓣膜性房颤患者脑卒中的发病风险增加约5倍,随着年龄的增长这一风险呈指数性增长。心源性脑栓塞明显增加患者死亡风险。左心耳是非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓形成的主... 详细信息

心房颤动(简称房颤)是临床疾病诊治过程中最常遇见的一种快速性心律失常。非瓣膜性房颤患者脑卒中的发病风险增加约5倍,随着年龄的增长这一风险呈指数性增长。心源性脑栓塞明显增加患者死亡风险。左心耳是非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓形成的主要部位。Watchman(Boston scientific,MA)是一种经皮左心耳封堵器(LAAC),其疗效已经被多个前瞻性随机研究所验证。对于那些栓塞风险高的非瓣膜性房颤患者,为了寻找长期华法林替代治疗方法以降低新发脑卒中风险的另一选择。基于大量有关Watchman的临床研究项目,包括超过2000个患者及近6000个病人·年随访的众多研究结果,Watchman LAAC成为目前惟一获得美国FDA批准的左心耳封堵器。

关键词：房颤左心耳封堵 Watchman

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serum Concentrations of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and its soluble Receptors in soldiers with and Without Combat-related Posttraumatic stress Disorder： Influence of Age and Body Mass Index

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第6期129卷 751-752页

作者： hubertus himmerich Jorg-Egbert Wolf Peter Zimmermann Antje h Biihler Lesca M holdt Daniel Teupser kenneth C Kirkby Gerd D Willmund Ulrich Wesemann Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin Germany Department of Psychological Medicine King's College London London UK Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Leipzig Leipzig Germany Department of Laboratory Medicine Ludw g-Max m ans-University Munich Germany Department of Psychiatry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia

To the Editor： With great interest we read the original article of Chert et al published in the Chinese Medical Journal comparing serum concentrations of cytokines in patients of han and Li ethnicity with posttraumatic stress disorder （PTsD）. The authors found significantly higher serum concentrations of the cytokines interleukin （IL）-2, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α in PTsD patients compared to normal controls, and differences in cytokine concentrations according to ethnicity.

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Reactive stream stabilization for Minimizing Transport of Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Agricultural Landscapes

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第7期3卷 504-512页

作者： Ji-hee son Chester C. Watson David s. Biedenharn kenneth h. Carlson 不详

A reactive stream stabilization (Rs2) system based on aluminum as the adsorbent and garden mulch as the organic matter source was designed to minimize release of agricultural nonpoint source pollutants and installed along the bank of the Little Bogue Creek, Ms in 2008. The scope of this research was to design, install and assess the performance of a field scale Rs2 structure based on results from previous lab scale studies. Concentrations of alum and total organic carbon (TOC) in the Rs2 test barrier and surrounding area were measured to evaluate design parameters of Rs2 and the removal effectiveness was examined from soils and monitoring wells that were sampled in 2009. The mean concentration of Al from the reactive barrier was 2.1 mg/g and organic matter from the monitoring wells was 4.7 mg/L, values significantly greater than the surrounding area (p soil Mehlich-3 P and total phosphorus (TP) were decreased by 55% and 30%, and 40% of the TN and 51% of the nitrate in the ground water were removed through the Rs2. The design objectives have been satisfied with the installed Rs2 system and the initial sampling data shows effective nutrient removal.

关键词： Phosphorus Non-Point source Pollutant Best Management Practice Aluminum

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Novel applications of trophic factors,Wnt and WIsP for neuronal repair and regeneration in metabolic disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第4期10卷 518-528页

作者： kenneth Maiese Cellular and Molecular signaling

Diabetes mellitus affects almost 350 million individuals throughout the globe resulting in sig-niifcant morbidity and mortality. Of further concern is the growing population of individuals that remain undiagnosed but are susceptible to the detrimental outcomes of this disorder. Dia-betes mellitus leads to multiple complications in the central and peripheral nervous systems that include cognitive impairment, retinal disease, neuropsychiatric disease, cerebral ischemia, and peripheral nerve degeneration. Although multiple strategies are being considered, novel target-ing of trophic factors, Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1, and stem cell tissue regeneration are considered to be exciting prospects to overcome the cellular mechanisms that lead to neuronal injury in diabetes mellitus involving oxidative stress, apoptosis, and au-tophagy. Pathways that involve insulin-like growth factor-1, ifbroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and erythropoietin can govern glucose homeostasis and are intimately tied to Wnt signaling that involves Wnt1 and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 （CCN4） to foster control over stem cell proliferation, wound repair, cognitive decline,β-cell proliferation, vascular regeneration, and programmed cell death. Ultimately, cellular metabolism through Wnt signal-ing is driven by primary metabolic pathways of the mechanistic target of rapamycin and AMP activated protein kinase. These pathways offer precise biological control of cellular metabolism, but are exquisitely sensitive to the different components of Wnt signaling. As a result, unexpected clinical outcomes can ensue and therefore demand careful translation of the mechanisms that govern neural repair and regeneration in diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease AMPK apoptosis autophagy central nervous system CCN4 EGF diabetes mellitus erythropoietin EPO FGF IGF-1 mTOR neuron neuropathy oxidative stress psychiatric stem cells WIsP1 Wnt

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The reproductive biology of a Central American cichlid Neetroplus nematopus in Lake Xiloá ,Nicaragua

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 43-51页

作者： kenneth R.McKAYE Jeremy hALE Eric P.van den BERGhE World Wide Fund for Nature Finland Universidad de Centroamericana Department of Mathematics Science and Technology Ave Maria University Latin American Campus

This study was conducted to provide a five-year database on the breeding seasonality and breeding biology of a Central American cichlid fish Neetroplus nematopus, a biparental substratum-spawning cichlid that cares for its eggs, wrigglers, and fry for up to six weeks. A total of 503 breeding pairs were monitored for breeding success. Breeding pairs of N. nematopus are sexually dimorphic in size, with females averaging 39% of male body mass. Fry emerged from 85% of nesting cavities. After three weeks, only 30% of the broods were present in the nesting cavity; these broods had a 30% survival rate, giving a 9% overall survival rate. Nineteen percent of the successful parents with three-week-old broods adopted foreign fry. A consistent unimodal breeding peak in December was observed for five years. This breeding peak differed dramatically from the bimodal breeding season 20 years found in the 1970s. The effects of extensive grenade fishing practices during the 1980s might have played a substantial role in the observed change. Grenade fishing stopped in 1991, and the number ofN. nematopus pairs increased by 136% from 1990 to 1995. With increased density of breeding fish, the breeding season for this species also expanded. The balance between divergent selection due to competition for breeding sites and stabilizing selection due to predation pressure on offspring is likely to mold the breeding season for N. nematopus and other cichlids of Lake Xilofi. We suggest that brood adoption and synchrony of breeding is a strategy to reduce predation on the parent＇s own young [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 43-51 2010].

关键词： Nicaragua Cichlids Breeding Reproduction synchrony seasonality

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Novel nervous and multi-system regenerative therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus with mTOR

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第3期11卷 372-385页

作者： kenneth Maiese Cellular and Molecular signaling Newark NJ USA

Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this *** impacts multiple organs and affects all components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that can range from dementia to diabetic *** mechanistic target of rapamycin（m TOR） is a promising agent for the development of novel regenerative strategies for the treatment of DM.m TOR and its related signaling pathways impact multiple metabolic parameters that include cellular metabolic homeostasis,insulin resistance,insulin secretion,stem cell proliferation and differentiation,pancreatic β-cell function,and programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy.m TOR is central element for the protein complexes m TOR Complex 1（m TORC1） and m TOR Complex 2（m TORC2） and is a critical component for a number of signaling pathways that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI 3-K）,protein kinase B（Akt）,AMP activated protein kinase（AMPK）,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1（saccharomyces cerevisiae）（sIRT1）,Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1（WIsP1）,and growth *** a result,m TOR represents an exciting target to offer new clinical avenues for the treatment of DM and the complications of this *** studies directed to elucidate the delicate balance m TOR holds over cellular metabolism and the impact of its broad signaling pathways should foster the translation of these targets into effective clinical regimens for DM.

关键词： Akt AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK) apoptosis Alzheimer’s disease autophagy β-cell cancer cardiovascular disease caspase CCN family diabetes mellitus epidermal growth factor erythropoietin fibroblast growth factor forkhead transcription factors Fox O FRAP1 hamartin(tuberous sclerosis 1)/tuberin(tuberous sclerosis 2)(TsC1/TsC2) insulin mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR) m TOR Complex 1(m T ORC1) m TOR Complex 2(m TORC2) nicotinamide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+) non-communicable diseases oxidative stress phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI 3-K) programmed cell death silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1(saccharomyces cerevisiae)(sIRT1) sirtuin stem cells wingless Wnt Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1(WIsP1)

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