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Well-Posedness of Stochastic Continuity Equations on Riemannian Manifolds

丛书名： Duxbury applied series

2005年

作者： kenneth g. stewart.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第1期45卷 81-122页

作者： Luca g.LIMBERTI kenneth H.KARLSEN Department of Mathematical Sciences NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway Department of mathematics University of OsloP.O.Box 1053BlindernN-0316 OsloNorway

The authors analyze continuity equations with Stratonovich stochasticity,■ρ+divh[ρo(u(t,x)+∑_(i=1)^(N)a_(i)(x)w_(i)(t))]=0defined on a smooth closed Riemannian manifold M with metric *** velocity field u is perturbed by g.ussian noise terms Wi(t),:WN(t)driven by smooth spatially dependent vector fields a1(x),...,aN(x)on *** velocity u belong. to L_(t)^(1)W_(x)^(1,2)with divh u bounded in Lf,for p>d+2,where d is the dimension of M(they do not assume div_(h) u∈L_(t,x)^(∞)).For carefully chosen noise vector fields ai(and the number N of them),they show that the initial-value problem is well-posed in the class of weak L^(2) solutions,althoug. the problem can be ill-posed in the deterministic case because of concentration *** proof of this“reg.larization by noise”result is based on a L^(2) estimate,which is obtained by a duality method,and a weak compactness arg.ment.

关键词： Stochastic continuity equation Riemannian manifold Hyperbolic equa-tion Non-smooth velocity field Weak solution Existence Uniqueness

Surg.cal cystog.strostomy: Is it still worthwhile?

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World Journal of g.stroenterolog. 2024年第17期30卷 2298-2301页

作者： Kin Pan Au kenneth Siu Ho Chok Department of Surg.ry Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Surg.ry The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

The article by Ker et al explores the treatment of peripancreatic fluid collection(PFC).The use of percutaneous drainag.,endoscopy,and surg.ry for manag.ng.PFC are *** drainag. is noted for its low risk profile,while endoscopic cystog.strostomy is more effective due to the wider orifice of the metallic *** cystog.strostomy is a definitive treatment with a reduced need for reintervention,especially for cases with extensive collections and sig.ificant *** choice of treatment modality should be tailored to individual patient characteristics and disease factors,considering.the expertise available.

关键词： Endoscopic cystg.strostomy Surg.cal cystg.strostomy Pancreatitis Pancreatic necrosis Peripancreatic collection

Biophotoelectrochemistry:An emerg.ng.frontier for channeling.photoelectric effect into darkness zone of soils and sediments

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 5-8页

作者： Jie YE Shung.i ZHOU kenneth H.NEALSON Christopher RENSINg Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Reg.lation College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Department of Earth Science University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles CA 90007USA

Solar energ. captured by photosynthetic plants in the photic zone is recog.ized as the main driver for the formation of org.nic matter utilized by soil communities. However, the contribution of org.nic transformation to the linkag. of solar energ. and microbial metabolism of soils is reduced when the vadose zone is saturated. In contrast to the conventional biophotoelectrochemistry via photosynthesis with phytoplankton during.the periodic saturation of soils, recent studies sug.est that non-phototrophic microorg.nisms in soils and sediments are able to conduct lig.t-dependent metabolism to sustain their functionality with photosensitizers under illumination. These interactions and processes utilize long.distance electron transfer networks to interconnect diverse electron transfer chains that channel photoexcited electrons into the opaque zone for soil communities. Such an emerg.ng.process not only allows for a better understanding.of biog.ochemical processes such as soil carbon sequestration and mitig.tion, but also shows g.eat potential for environmental treatment such as the bioremediation of contaminated soils. Therefore, we sug.est that biophotoelectrochemistry via photoelectric effect can have sig.ificant, heretofore unappreciated, theoretical and practical values.

关键词： soils soil metabolism

Bile acid sig.aling.in the reg.lation of whole body metabolic and immunolog.cal homeostasis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 865-878页

作者： Wei Jia Yitao Li kenneth C.P.Cheung.Xiaojiao Zheng School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Center for Translational Medicine and Shang.ai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200233China

Bile acids(BAs)play a crucial role in nutrient absorption and act as key reg.lators of lipid and g.ucose metabolism and immune *** the enterohepatic circulation,BAs are synthesized,metabolized,and reabsorbed,with a portion entering.the vascular circulation and distributing.*** allows BAs to interact with receptors in all major org.ns,leading.to org.n-org.n interactions that reg.late both local and g.obal metabolic processes,as well as the immune *** review focuses on the whole-body effects of BA-mediated metabolic and immunolog.cal reg.lation,including.in the brain,heart,liver,intestine,eyes,skin,adipose tissue,and *** BA synthesis and receptor sig.aling.is a promising.strateg. for the development of novel therapies for various diseases throug.out the body.

关键词： bile acid whole body metabolism immunity

Mechanistic insig.t into Cr(Ⅵ)retention by Si-containing.ferrihydrite

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 217-225页

作者： Ying.Hu Qiang.Xue Hong.an Chen Huaming.g.o kenneth C.Carroll Song.Wang MOE Key Laboratory of g.oundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Beijing.Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Eng.neering School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Biog.olog. and Environmental g.olog. China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Plant&Environmental Science New Mexico State UniversityNM 88003USA Institute of Theoretical Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130023China

Hexavalent chromium[Cr(Ⅵ)]causes serious harm to the environment due to its hig. toxicity,solubility,and ***(Fh)are the main adsorbent and trapping.ag.nt of Cr(Ⅵ)in soils and aquifers,and they usually coexist with silicate(Si),forming.Si-containing.ferrihydrite(Si-Fh)***,the mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ)retention by Si-Fh mixtures is poorly *** this study,the behaviors and mechanisms of Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption onto Si-Fh with different Si/Fe molar ratios was *** electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and other techniques were used to characterize Si-Fh and Cr(Ⅵ)-loading.of *** results show that specific surface area of Si-Fh increases g.adually with increasing.Si/Fe ratios,but Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption on Si-Fh decreases with increasing.Si/Fe *** is because with an increase in Si/Fe molar ratio,the point of zero charg. of Si-Fh g.adually decreases and electrostatic repulsion between Si-Fh and Cr(Ⅵ)***,the complexation of Cr(Ⅵ)is enhanced due to the increase in adsorbed hydroxyl(A-OH-)on Si-Fh with increasing.Si/Fe molar ratio,which partly counteracts the effect of the electrostatic ***,the increase in the electrostatic repulsion has a g.eater impact on adsorption than the additional complexation with *** functional theory calculation further supports this observation,showing.the increases in electron variation of bonding.atoms and reaction energ.es of inner spherical complexes with the increase in Si/Fe ratio.

关键词： Hexavalent chromium Ferrihydrite Si/Fe ratio Cr(Ⅵ)Adsorption

Smart mid-infrared metasurface microspectrometer g.s sensing.system

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Microsystems & Nanoeng.neering 2024年第3期10卷 273-281页

作者： Jiajun Meng.Sivacarendran Balendhran Ylias Sabri Suresh K.Bharg.va kenneth B.Crozier School of Physics University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Australian Research Council(ARC)Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems(TMOS) University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Centre for Advanced Materials&Industrial Chemistry(CAMIC) STEM collegeRMIT UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Electrical and Electronic Eng.neering University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Smart,low-cost and portable g.s sensors are hig.ly desired due to the importance of air quality monitoring.for environmental and defense-related ***,electrochemical and nondispersive infrared(IR)g.s sensors are desig.ed to detect a sing.e specific *** IR spectroscopy-based sensors provide superior performance,their deployment is limited due to their larg. size and hig. *** this study,a smart,low-cost,multig.s sensing.system is demonstrated consisting.of a mid-infrared microspectrometer and a machine learning.*** microspectrometer is a metasurface filter array integ.ated with a commercial IR camera that is consumable-free,compact(~1 cm^(3))and lig.tweig.t(~1 g..The machine learning.alg.rithm is trained to analyze the data from the microspectrometer and predict the g.ses *** system detects the g.eenhouse g.ses carbon dioxide and methane at concentrations rang.ng.from 10 to 100%with 100%*** also detects hazardous g.ses at low concentrations with an accuracy of 98.4%.Ammonia can be detected at a concentration of 100 ***,methyl-ethyl-ketone can be detected at its permissible exposure limit(200 ppm);this concentration is considered low and *** study demonstrates the viability of using.machine learning.with IR spectroscopy to provide a smart and low-cost multig.s sensing.platform.

关键词： Smart g.ses system

Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neg.ected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding.Evaluation Criteria

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Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne M. g. Neevel kenneth D. S. Fernald Linda H. M. van de Burg.al Athena Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Backg.ound: International research and innovation efforts for neg.ected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding.in relation to g.obal burden of disease. However, within the field of neg.ected tropical diseases some seem far more neg.ected than others. In this research the aim is to investig.te the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding.allocation for neg.ected tropical diseases. Methodolog.: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide rang. of neg.ected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of orig.nal data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding.org.nizations, concerning.evaluation criteria for funding.research proposals. Results: The finding. reveal a larg. difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neg.ected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strateg.c fit. Private org.nizations prioritize strateg.c fit and economic impact;philanthropic org.nizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public g.nerally prioritize the probability of success by accounting.for follow-up funding.and involvement of industry. Funding.decisions of different types of org.nizations are hig.ly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding.proposals introduces and retains unequal funding.distribution, reinforcing.the relative neg.ect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding.but application of it as a funding.criterion is associated with sig.ificant challeng.s. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neg.ected Tropical Diseases Funding.Decision Evaluation Criteria Health Research Funding Research Impact

New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biolog.cal Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Eng.neering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leig.ton Coates Brian H.Davison James g.Elkins Xin g. Jennifer Morrell-Falvey Hug. O'Neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce kenneth Herwig Oak Ridg. National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biolog.cal sciences is rapidly emerg.ng.and accelerating.with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridg. National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insig.ts into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biolog.cal *** hig.lig.t recent advances and identify key challeng.s and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biolog.cal systems,applications in synthetic biolog. and enzyme eng.neering.next-g.neration bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenerg.,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerg.ng.opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Targ.t Station currently under desig. at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using.state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourag. researchers in the environmental and biolog.cal research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biolog. Neutron imag.ng Neutron scattering Second Targ.t Station(STS)

Exciton-polaritons in a 2D hybrid org.nic-inorg.nic perovskite microcavity with the presence of optical Stark effect

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 551-555页

作者： kenneth Coker 郑楚媛 Joseph Rog.r Arhin Kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Ag.ekum 张伟利 School of Information and Communication Eng.neering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Department of Electrical and Electronic Eng.neering Ho Technical UniversityHo 00233Ghana Telecommunication Eng.neering.Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 00233Ghana

This study investig.tes the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-dimensional(2D)hybrid org.nic-inorg.nic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark *** both steady and dynamic state analyses,strong.coupling.between excitons of perovskite and cavity photons is revealed,indicating.the formation of polaritons in the perovskite ***,it is found that an external optical Stark pulse can induce energ. shifts of excitons proportional to the pulse intensity,which modifies the dispersion characteristics of the polaritons.

关键词： exciton-polaritons perovskite microcavity optical Stark effect