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Physical contact, volatiles, and acoustic signals contribute to monogamy in an invasive aggregating bark beetle

Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1285-1297页

作者： Zhu-Dong Liu Guo-Bing Mi kenneth f.raffa Jiang-Hua Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Erdaochuan forest Station of Guandi Mountain forest Bureau WenshuiShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Entomology University of WisconsinMadisonWlUSA University Academy of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The behavioral strategies and mechanisms by which some insects maintain monogamous mating systems are not well *** investigated the mating system of the bark beetle Dendroctonus valens,and identified several contributing *** and laboratory observations suggest the adults commonly form permanent bonds during host ***,it showed mated females that remained paired with males produced more offspring than mated females that were alone in *** bioassays,a second female commonly entered a gallery constructed by a prior *** show she commonly reached the location of the first female,but they did not engage in actual ***,the second female typically departs to form her own *** signaling likewise does not appear to influence female-female encounters,based on controlled muting *** the intruder appears to perceive the residents presence by physical *** acoustic signals and volatiles released by females during gallery constructing were shown to attract *** a male joined a female in a gallery,the male-produced aggressive sounds,which were shown by playback to deter other males from entering the *** female-female interactions,resident males use their head and rear to push intruders out of ***,volatiles released by males during feeding repelled intruding males,discouraging them from entering the *** also construct plugs that block the entrance,which may prevent subsequent males and predators from entering the ***,*** has evolved multifaceted mechanisms contributing to single pairings that confer benefits to both sexes.

关键词： acoustic signals behavioral assay Dendroctonus valens mating system pheromones rivalry

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Behaving

Behaving

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作者： Schaffner kenneth f.

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Laser synthesized nanoparticle alloys of metals with bulk miscibility gaps

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第4期28卷 456-463页

作者： kenneth A.Kane Arthur C.Reber Shiv N.Khanna Massimo f.Bertino Department of Physics Virginia Commonwealth University

The nanoscale alloying of metals with bulk miscibility gaps, Ag-Pt and Ag-Rh, has been investigated using pulsed laser ablation of solids in solution(PLASiS). The procedure was in two steps. In the first step, the suspensions of monometallic nanoparticles were prepared by ablation of a metal rod submerged in water. In the second step,the monometallic suspensions were mixed and alloying was induced by re-irradiation. for the Ag-Pt system, a surface plasmon resonance was observed in the monometallic silver suspension. The surface plasmon resonance vanished in re-irradiated Ag-Pt suspensions, indicating alloying. Selected Area Electron Diffraction(SAED)analysis showed that the nanoparticles had a fcc structure with a lattice constant intermediate between that of monometallic Ag and Pt nanoparticles. first principles theoretical investigations of the mixing energy of Ag-Pt clusters confirm that mixing is favored at around ～1 nm. The same procedure used for Ag-Pt was followed for Ag-Rh. In this system where the two metals present miscibility gaps even in the liquid phase, no evidence of alloying was observed. Correspondingly, theoretical investigations found that the mixing energy of Ag-Rh clusters did not favor alloying.

关键词： Nano alloys Laser ablation Silver-platinum nanoparticles Silver-rhodium nanoparticles

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Differential Expression of Mature MicroRNAs Involved in Muscle Maintenance of Hibernating Little Brown Bats, Myotis lucifugus: A Model of Muscle Atrophy Resistance

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2012年第5期10卷 295-301页

作者： Samantha f.Kornfeld Kyle K.Biggar kenneth B.Storey Institute of Biochemistry&Department of Biology Carleton University

Muscle wasting is common in mammals during extended periods of immobility. However, many small hibernating mammals manage to avoid muscle atrophy despite remaining stationary for long periods during hibernation. Recent research has highlighted roles for short non-coding microRNAs （miRNAs） in the regulation of stress tolerance. We proposed that they could also play an important role in muscle maintenance during hibernation. To explore this possibility, a group of 10 miRNAs known to be normally expressed in skeletal muscle of non-hibernating mammals were analyzed by RT-PCR in hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. We then compared the expression of these miRNAs in euthermic control bats and bats in torpor. Our results showed that compared to euthermic controls, sig- nificant, albeit modest （1.2-1.6 fold）, increases in transcript expression were observed for eight mature miRNAs, including miR-la-1, miR-29b, miR-181b, miR-15a, miR-20a, miR-206 and miR-128-1, in the pectoral muscle of torpid bats. Conversely, expression of miR-21 decreased by 80% during torpor, while expression of miR-107 remained unaffected. Interestingly, these miRNAs have been either validated or predicted to affect multiple muscle-specific factors, including myostatin, foxO3a, HDAC4 and SMADT, and are likely involved in the preservation of pectoral muscle mass and functionality during bat hibernation.

关键词： MlicroRNA Hibernation Metabolic rate depression Atrophy Dicer Myostatin

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Indications and contraindications for shock wave lithotripsy and how to improve outcomes

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Asian Journal of Urology 2018年第4期5卷 256-263页

作者： Luke f.Reynolds Tad Kroczak kenneth T.Pace Division of Urology St.Michael’s HospitalTorontoCanada

for over 35 years shock wave lithotripsy has proven to be an effective,safe and truly minimally invasive option for the treatment of *** technical factors as well as patient selection can impact the success of the *** used published work focusing on outcomes of shock wave lithotripsy,risk of complications,and strategies for improving stone fragmentation to create this *** patient and technical factors have been found to impact success of *** to stone distance,stone density and composition,size and location of the stone within the urinary system all influence stone free rates.A slower rate with a gradual increasing voltage,precise targeting,proper coupling will improve stone fragmentation and decrease risk of *** selection of appropriate patients through a shared decision making process and attention to the technical factors that improve stone free rates is key to providing an effective treatment and patient satisfaction.

关键词： Kidney calculi Nephrolithiasis Urolithiasis Extracorporeal shock wave therapy Lithotripsy

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Short Review of Ischemia- and Hypoxia-Protective Roles of “Big Potassium” (BK) Channels

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第6期9卷 150-160页

作者： John f. Peppin Joseph V. Pergolizzi Alexander Kraus Robert B. raffa Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine Indianapolis USA Pikeville University College of Osteopathic Medicine Pikeville Kentucky USA Enalare Therapeutics Inc. Princeton USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples USA Neumentum Inc. Morristown USA University of Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson USA Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia USA

There is accumulating evidence that the subfamily of large-conductance potassium (“big”, “BK”) channels are involved in diverse, and perhaps coordinated, protective or counteractive responses to local or generalized ischemia and hypoxia. Although widely distributed, the physiological differences among BK channels which results from posttranslational modification (alternative splicing) and co-assembly with auxiliary modulatory subunits (β1-4 and γ1-4), bestows localized differences in subunit composition, distribution, 2nd-messenger coupling, and pharmacologic properties. Due to the ubiquitous nature of BK channels and the multiplicity of subtypes, they have many potential therapeutic applications in the maintenance of oxygen homeostasis, cerebro- and cardio-protection, and stimulation of respiration in response to drug-induced respiratory depression. BK channels may also offer other potentially broad and underrecognized promising targets for novel pharmaceutical development.

关键词： Big potassium Channels BKCa Ischemia Hypoxia Respiratory Stimulation ENA-001

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MicroRNA Regulation in Extreme Environments: Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in the Intertidal Snail Littorina littorea During Extended Periods of freezing and Anoxia

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2012年第5期10卷 302-309页

作者： Kyle K.Biggar Samantha f.Kornfeld Yulia Maistrovski kenneth B.Storey Institute of Biochemistry&Department of Biology Carleton University

Several recent studies of vertebrate adaptation to environmental stress have suggested roles for microRNAs （miRNAs） in regulating glo- bal suppression of protein synthesis and/or restructuring protein expression patterns. The present study is the first to characterize stress- responsive alterations in the expression of miRNAs during natural freezing or anoxia exposures in an invertebrate species, the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea. These snails are exposed to anoxia and freezing conditions as their environment constantly fluctuates on both a tidal and seasonal basis. The expression of selected miRNAs that are known to influence the cell cycle, cellular signaling pathways, carbohydrate metabolism and apoptosis was evaluated using RT-PCR. Compared to controls, significant changes in expression were observed for miR-la-1, miR-34a and miR-29b in hepatopancreas and for miR-la-1, miR-34a, miR-133a, miR-125b, miR-29b and miR-2a in foot muscle after freezing exposure at -6 ~C for 24 h （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, in response to anoxia stress for 24 h, significant changes in expression were also observed for miR-la-1, miR-210 and miR-29b in hepatopancreas and for miR-1 a-1, miR-34a, miR-133a, miR-29b and miR-2a in foot muscle （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, protein expression of Dicer, an enzyme responsible for mature microRNA processing, was increased in foot muscle during freezing and anoxia and in hepatopancreas during freezing. Alterations in expression of these miRNAs in L. littorea tissues may contribute to organismal survival under freezing and anoxia.

关键词： freeze tolerance Anaerobiosis Metabolic rate depression Periwinkle Marine mollusk

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Disappearance and appearance of an indigestible marker in feces from growing pigs as affected by previous-and currentdiet composition

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 643-651页

作者： Brandy M.Jacobs John f.Patience Merlin D.Lindemann kenneth J.Stalder Brian J.Kerr Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmes 50010USA Department of Animal and food Sciences University of KentuckyLexington 40546KYUSA USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agricultural and the Environment Ames 50010IAUSA

Background： Indigestible markers are commonly utilized in digestion studies, but the complete disappearance or maximum appearance of a marker in feces can be affected by diet composition, feed intake, or an animal＇s *** objectives of this study were to determine the impact of previous（Phase 1, P1） and current-（Phase 2, P2）diet composition on marker disappearance（Cr） and appearance（Ti） in pigs fed 3 diets differing in NDf ***： When pigs were maintained on the 25.1, 72.5, and 125.0 g/kg NDf diets, it took 5.1, 4.1, and 2.5 d, respectively,for Cr levels to decrease below the limit of quantitation; or 4.6, 3.7, or 2.8 d, respectively, for Ti to be maximized. These effects were not, however, independent of the previous diet as indicated by the interaction between P1 and P2 diets on fecal marker concentrations（P 〈 0.01）. When dietary NDf increased from P1 to P2, it took less time for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized（an average of 2.5 d）, than if NDf decreased from P1 to P2 where it took longer for fecal Cr to decrease or fecal Ti to be maximized（an average of 3.4 d）.Conclusions： Because of the wide range in excretion times reported in the literature and improved laboratory methods for elemental detection, the data suggests that caution must be taken in considering dietary fiber concentrations of the past and currently fed diets so that no previous dietary marker addition remains in the digestive tract or feces such that a smal amount of maker is present to confound subsequent experimental results, and that marker concentration have stabilized when these samples are col ected.

关键词： Adaptation Digestibility fiber Indigestible marker Pig

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Commentary: New Complications Make Treatment of “Opioid” Overdose Challenging

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2020年第12期11卷 362-372页

作者： John f. Peppin Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. Albert Dahan Robert B. raffa Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine (Clinical Adjunct Professor) Indianapolis IN USA Pikeville University College of Osteopathic Medicine (Clinical Professor) Pikeville KY USA Enalare Therapeutics Inc. Princeton NJ USA Neumentum Inc. Summit NJ USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples FL USA Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands University of Arizona College of Pharmacy (Adjunct Professor) Tucson AZ USA Temple University School of Pharmacy (Professor Emeritus) Philadelphia PA USA

The “opioid crisis” has had a tremendous impact not only on its victims, but also on the practice of medicine, pain patients, and society in general. Unfortunately, efforts to “stem the tide” have not been successful at reducing overdose deaths. Counterbalancing the many ardent efforts to eliminate overdose deaths (such as the current widespread availability and use of opioid-receptor antagonists such as naloxone) is influx of the illicit fentanoids (i.e., fentanyl and analogs). In addition to their high-potency, the fentanoids differ in surprising ways from more “traditional” opioids such as morphine and heroin. This uniqueness contributes to a reduced effectiveness of opioid receptor antagonists in the treatment of opioid overdose. Further greatly complicating overdose treatment is polysubstance abuse (e.g., an opioid plus a benzodiazepine). The non-opioid in the combination is not responsive to an opioid-recep- tor antagonist, which imparts additional challenges. Thus, the new reality introduces complications that negatively impact efforts to reverse “opioid” overdose. New approaches to improve outcomes in individuals who experience font-family:Verdana;">respiratory depression due to fent

关键词： Opioid Overdose fentanoid Naloxone Polysubstance Abuse Respiratory Stimulant

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OTX2 signaling in retinal dysfunction,degeneration and regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 2002-2003页

作者： kenneth.L.Moya Raoul Torero Ibad Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology(CIRB) Collège de FranceCNRS UMR 7241INSERM U1050Labex MemoLifePSL Research UniversityParisFrance(Moya KLIbad RT)Univ.LilleCNRSUMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et MoléculesF-59000 LilleFrance(Ibad RT)

The protein OTX2 in the retina is necessary for the maintenance of normal physiologic processes,and may be a promising therapeutic agent for some ophthalmic *** this Perspective,we first shortly introduce the organization of the retina and the importance of OTX2 *** then present an example of reduced OTX2 activity in the developed retina associated with structural and functional *** next show that homeoproteins can have neuroprotective *** finally review several clear examples of OTX2 non-cell autonomous activity in the retina and the effects of diminishing or providing extracellular OTX2.

关键词： expression. functions. agent

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