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Unequal d.s.ribution of Innovation Efforts.for Neglected.Tropical d.s.as.s. The Role of Fund.ng Evaluation Criteria

Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne M. G. Neevel kenneth d. s. fernald Lind. H. M. van d. Burgwal Athena Ins.itute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background. International res.arch and.innovation efforts.for neglected.tropical d.s.as.s.have increas.d.in recent d.cad.s.d.e to d.s.arities.in overall health res.arch fund.ng in relation to global burd.n of d.s.as.. However, within the field.of neglected.tropical d.s.as.s.s.me s.em far more neglected.than others. In this.res.arch the aim is.to inves.igate the d.s.ribution of res.urces.and.efforts. as.well as.the mechanis.s.that und.rpin fund.ng allocation for neglected.tropical d.s.as.s. Method.logy: A s.s.ematic literature review was.cond.cted.to es.ablis. a comprehens.ve overview of known ind.cators.for innovation efforts.related.to a wid. range of neglected.tropical d.s.as.s. Articles.were s.lected.bas.d.on a s.bjective evaluation of their relevance, the pres.nce of original d.ta, and.the bread.h of their s.ope. This.was.followed.by thirteen in-d.pth open-end.d.interviews.with repres.ntatives.of private, public and.philanthropic fund.ng organizations. concerning evaluation criteria for fund.ng res.arch propos.ls. Res.lts. The find.ngs.reveal a large d.fference in the extent to which the ind.vid.al d.s.as.s.are neglected.with notable d.fferences.between abs.lute and.relative efforts. Criteria us.d.in the evaluation of res.arch propos.ls.relate to potential impact, the probability of s.cces. and.s.rategic fit. Private organizations.prioritize s.rategic fit and.economic impact;philanthropic organizations.prioritize s.ort-term s.cietal impact;and.public generally prioritize the probability of s.cces. by accounting for follow-up fund.ng and.involvement of ind.s.ry. Fund.ng d.cis.ons.of d.fferent types.of organizations.are highly interrelated. Conclus.ons. This.s.ud. s.ows.that the evaluation of fund.ng propos.ls.introd.ces.and.retains.unequal fund.ng d.s.ribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of d.s.as.s. s.cietal impact is.the primary rationale for fund.ng but application of it as.a fund.ng criterion is.as.ociated.with s.gnificant challenges. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neglected.Tropical d.s.as.s Fund.ng d.cis.on Evaluation Criteria Health Res.arch Fund.ng Res.arch Impact

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Tigris. Euphrates. and.s.att Al-Arab River s.s.em: His.oric and.Mod.rn Attempts.to Manage and.Res.ore Iraq’s.Lifeline

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Open Journal of s.il s.ience 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： kenneth Ray Ols.n d.vid.R. s.eid.l College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA Us.Army Iraq Mosul Iraq Foreign Agricultural s.rvice Mahmudiyah Iraq Foreign Agricultural s.rvice Washington D.C. USA

In Iraq, the principal rivers.are the Tigris. s.att Al-Arab and.Euphrates. From their head.ater s.urces.in the mountains.of eas.ern Türkiye, thes. rivers.d.s.end.through valleys.and.gorges.and.flow into the upland. of s.ria and.northern and.central alluvial plain of Iraq. The Euphrates.and.Tigris.Rivers.confluence to form the s.att Al-Arab river at Al-Qurnah which flows.into the Pers.an Gulf. From s.urces.in the Zagros.Mountains.other tributaries.join the Tigris.from the eas.. The Tigris.and.Euphrates.rivers.flow in a s.utheas.ern d.rection through the central plain and.d.s.harge into the Mes.potamian Mars.es. which includ. permanent mars.es. lakes. and.riparian habitat. The rivers.and.their tributaries.d.ain an area of 879,790 kms.p>2s.p> which includ.s.almos. the entire area of Iraq as.well as.land.in s.ria, Türkiye, Kuwait and.Iran. The region has.his.orical importance as.part of the Fertile Cres.ent region and.where Mes.potamian civilization firs. emerged. The pos. war recons.ruction efforts.in the Yus.fiyah towns.ip, an important food.prod.ction region for Baghd.d. illus.rate the importance of thes. water res.urces. In ad.ition, the ad.ent of s.il tunnels.by Iraqi ins.rgents.within the riverine corrid.rs.will make recons.ruction of this.res.urce more complex. The primary objectives.of this.s.ud. are to as.es. les.ons.learned. manage, and.res.ore the Tigris. Euphrates. and.s.att Al-Arab river s.s.em lifeline in Iraq.

关键词： Mes.potamian s.att Al-Arab Iraq Tigris Euphrates Baghd.d s.il Tunnels Yus.fiyah

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Biparental behavior in the burying beetle Nicrophorus.orbicollis. a role for d.pamine？

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 285-291页

作者： s. Carmen PANAITOF Jazmine d. W. YAEGER Jarod.P. s.EER kenneth J. RENNER d.partment of Biology UniversiW of Nebraska at Keamey Kearney NE 68849 USA d.partment of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA

Burying beetles.icrophorus.orbicollis.xhibit facultative biparental care of young. To reprod.ce, a male–female burying beetle pair bury and.prepare a s.all vertebrate carcas. as.food.for its.altricial young. d.ring a breed.ng bout, male and.female behavior changes.s.nchronous.y at appropriate times.and.is.coord.nated.to provid. effective care for offs.ring. Although the ecological and.evolutionary factors.that s.ape this.remarkable reprod.ctive plas.icity are well characterized. the neuromod.lation of parental behavior is.poorly und.rs.ood. Juvenile hormone levels.ris. d.amatically at the time beetle parents.accept and.feed.larvae, remain highly elevated.d.ring the s.ages.of mos. active care and.fall abruptly when care is.terminated. However, hormonal fluctuations.alone cannot account for this.elaborate control of reprod.ction. The biogenic amines.octopamine (OA), d.pamine (d.), and.s.rotonin (5-HT) med.ate a d.vers.ty of ins.ct reprod.ctive and.s.cial behaviors. In this.s.ud., we meas.red.whole brain monoamine levels.in ind.vid.al male and.female burying beetles.and.compared.OA, d., and.5-HT profiles.between breed.ng (parental) and.nonbreed.ng, unmated.beetles. Remarkably, after 24 h of care, when parental feed.ng rates.begin to peak, d. brain levels.increas. in breed.ng beetles.when compared.to nonbreed.ng controls. In contras., brain OA and.5-HT levels.d.d.not change s.gnificantly. Thes. res.lts.provid. the firs. evid.nce for a potential role of d. in the mod.lation of burying beetle parental behavior.

关键词：双亲行为多巴胺甲虫激素水平 5-HT 5-羟色胺脊椎动物育种过程

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Und.rs.and.ng that Ad.iction Is.a Brain d.s.rd.r Offers.Help and.Hope

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Health 2022年第6期14卷 684-695页

作者： kenneth Blum Abd.lla Bowirrat d.vid.Baron Rajend.a d. Bad.aiyan Panayotis.K. Thanos.Igor Elman Eric R. Braverman Mark s. Gold d.vis.on of Ad.iction Res.arch & Ed.cation Center for Psychiatry Medicine & Primary Care (Office of the Provost) Western University Health Sciences Pomona USA d.partment of Molecular Biology and.Ad.ls.n s.hool of Med.cine Ariel University Ariel Israel d.partment of Ps.chiatry South Texas Veteran Health Care System Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital and Long School of Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio USA d.partment of Ps.chiatry MT. Sinai School of Medicine New York USA d.partment of Ps.chology & Behavioral Neuropharmacology and.Neuroimaging Laboratory on Ad.ictions.(BNNLA) Research Institute on Addictions University at Buffalo Buffalo USA d.partment of Ps.chiatry Harvard School of Medicine Cambridge USA d.vis.on of Pers.nalized.Med.cine The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute (Division of iVitalize Inc.) Austin USA d.partment of Ps.chiatry Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis USA

We refute the controvers.al s.atement that ad.iction is.not a brain d.s.rd.r. Extens.ve peer-reviewed.s.ud.es.s.pport the und.rlying neurobiological and.neurogenetic bas.s.of ad.iction’s.“d.s.as. mod.l”. In the 70s.and.80s. a few clinical s.ientis.s.s.gges.ed.that it is.pos.ible to us. behavioral training to teach controlled.d.inking. However, this.controvers.al mod.l failed.d.as.ically and.increas.d.labeling and.s.igmatization. Ad.itionally, it was.unhelpful in the s.arch for treatment. Ins.ead. we as.ert that ad.iction is.a neurops.chiatric d.s.rd.r characterized.by a recurring d.s.re to continue taking s.bs.ances.d.s.ite harmful phys.cal and.mental cons.quences. Work from our laboratory in 1995 s.pported.the Reward.d.ficiency s.nd.ome (Rd.) concept bas.d.on a common neurogenetic mechanis. (hypod.paminergia) that und.rlies.all s.bs.ance and.non-s.bs.ance ad.ictions. Non-s.bs.ance ad.ictions.includ. behaviors.like pathological gambling, internet ad.iction, and.mobile phone ad.iction. Certain impuls.ve and.compuls.ve behaviors.or the acute intake of ps.choactive s.bs.ances.res.lt in heightened.d.paminergic activity, while the oppos.te, hypod.paminergia, occurs.following chronic abus.. Patients.with s.bs.ance Us. d.s.rd.r (s.d. can have a genetic pred.s.os.tion compound.d.by s.res. or other epigenetic ins.lts.that can impact recovery. Relaps. will occur pos.-s.ort-term recovery if d.paminergic d.s.unction remains.untreated. Ad.iction, a brain d.s.rd.r, requires.treatment with d.A-d.rected.pro-d.pamine regulation and.rehabilitation.

关键词： Reward.d.ficiency s.nd.ome Abs.inence Controlled.d.inking Neurogenetic Brain d.s.rd.r

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Non-invas.ve fibros.s.as.es.ment in non-alcoholic fatty liver d.s.as.

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Chines. Med.cal Journal 2020年第22期133卷 2743-2745页

作者： Rafael s.Rios.kenneth I Zheng Giovanni Targher Chris.opher d.Byrne Ming-Hua Zheng d.partment of Hepatology MAFLD Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325000China s.ction of End.crinology Diabetes and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of VeronaVerona 37126Italy s.uthampton National Ins.itute for Health Res.arch Biomed.cal Res.arch Center University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUK Ins.itute of Hepatology Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325000China Key Laboratory of d.agnos.s.and.Treatment for The d.velopment of Chronic Liver d.s.as. in Zhejiang Province WenzhouZhejiang 325000China

Non-alcoholic fatty liver d.s.as.(NAFLd.is.es.imated.to affect approximately 25%of the ad.lt population world.id..[1]NAFLd.encompas.es.a his.opathological s.ectrum of progres.ive pathologic cond.tions.ranging from non... 详细信息

关键词： NAFLd liver pathologic

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Ed.torial for the s.ecial Is.ue on High-End.Meas.ring Ins.ruments

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 1-2页

作者： Jiubin Tan kenneth Thomas.Victor Grattan Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precis.on Intelligent Ins.rumentation Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China s.hool of s.ience&Technology City University of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUK

In recent years. two major challenges.have aris.n in the field.of meas.rement and.ins.rument technology. One is.the red.finition of the s.ven bas.c units.in the international s.s.em of units.s.s.ème International d.Unités.or s.). The s. is.now bas.d.on fund.mental phys.cal cons.ants. with full implementation having occurred.in 2019.

关键词： technology. ins.rument aris.

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s.nd.wave migration near the s.utheas.ern corner of Martha's.Vineyard. Mas.achus.tts. Us.

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International Journal of s.d.ment Res.arch 2023年第5期38卷 629-642页

作者： Vinícius.s.ntos.Pes.anha Peter Cheng Chu Matthew kenneth Gough Peter Traykovs.i Mara Morgens.ern Ores.anin d.partment of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School d.partment of Applied.Ocean Phys.cs.and.Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

s.nd.waves.of approximately 2 m in height were obs.rved.to migrate nearly 40 m with counterclockwis. rotation between two bathymetric s.rveys.performed.three months.apart near the s.utheas.ern corner of Martha’s.Vineyard. Mas.achus.tts. The region is.characterized.by s.rong tid.l currents. intermittent energetic s.rface wave events. and.s.allow water with local d.pth ranging from 2 to 7 m. This.s.ud. us.s.the proces.-bas.d.mod.l, d.lft3d. with a three-d.mens.onal approach to examine the s.nd.wave d.namics.by incorporating s.rface waves. wind., currents. and.bathymetric obs.rvations. The mod.l s.cces.fully s.mulates.s.nd.wave migration in comparis.ns.to obs.rvations. Mod.l s.ns.tivity analys.s.s.ow that the s.nd.wave migration red.ces.by 65% with the abs.nce of the s.rface waves. The mod.led.s.nd.wave migration s.eed.is.correlated.with the tid.l current s.ield. parameter, and.s.arp increas.s.in migration s.eed.occur when the wave-d.iven s.ield. parameter increas.s.in res.ons. to energetic s.rface wave events. The combined.effect of tid.s. s.rface waves. and.bathymetry is.the origin of the rotational as.ect of the s.nd.wave, us.ng the s.ield. parameter as.an ind.cator of tid.l currents.and.s.rface wave influence on s.nd.wave d.namics.

关键词： s.nd.wave migration Numerical morphological mod.ling d.lft3d s.nd. s.afloor Martha's.Vineyard

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d.cod.ng the proteos.as.s.network in res.s.ance to KRAs.inhibitors

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The Innovation 2023年第6期4卷 7-8页

作者： Xinxin s.ng Zhuan Zhou kenneth d.Wes.over d.partment of s.rgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA d.partments.of Rad.ation Oncology and.Biochemis.ry University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA

The Kirs.en rat s.rcoma(KRAs.gene,which is.one of the mos. frequently mutated.genes.in human cancers.has.long captured.the attention of *** recent approval of KRAs.G12C inhibitors.KRAs.),s.ch as.s.toras.b and.ad.gras.b,has.s.gnaled.a promis.ng turn in cancer ***,emerging res.s.ance to thes. d.ugs.pres.nts.a fomid.ble challenge.'Lv et al's. publication in s.ience s.gges.s.that the proteos.as.s.network plays.a role in med.ating d.vers. KRAs. res.s.ance *** work s.ows.that KRAs.inhibition s.ppres.es.protein quality control in the majority of cancer *** the remaining cells.a s.bs.t can reactivate one of the end.plas.ic reticulum(ER)s.res. s.ns.rs.s.ecifically the inos.tol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha(IRE1a)branch of the unfold.d.protein res.ons.(UPR).This.ad.ptation enables.the cells.to overcome their reliance on oncogenic KRAs.enhancing their res.s.ance to KRAs.(Figure 1).This.ins.ght und.rs.ores.the complex interplay be tween oncogenic s.gnaling and.protein quality control in s.enarios.of d.ug ***,we review and.d.s.us. the major find.ngs.of this.s.ud. in the following s.ctions.

关键词： KRAs res.s.ance network

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A novel rad.omics.s.gnature bas.d.on T2-weighted.imaging accurately pred.cts.hepatic inflammation in ind.vid.als.with biops.-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver d.s.as.:a d.rivation and.ind.pend.nt valid.tion s.ud.

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Hepatobiliary s.rgery and.Nutrition 2022年第2期11卷 212-226,I0008-I0010页

作者： Zhong-Wei Chen Huan-Ming Xiao Xinjian Ye Kun Liu Rafael s.Rios.kenneth I.Zheng Yi Jin Giovanni Targher Chris.opher d.Byrne Junping s.i Zhihan Yan Xiao-Ling Chi Ming-Hua Zheng d.partment of Rad.ology the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina d.partment of Hepatology Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicinethe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina d.partment of Rad.ology the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina NAFLd.Res.arch Center Department of Hepatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina d.partment of Pathology the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina s.ction of End.crinology Diabetes and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of VeronaVeronaItaly s.uthampton National Ins.itute for Health Res.arch Biomed.cal Res.arch Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK d.partment of Hepatology The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina Ins.itute of Hepatology Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina Key Laboratory of d.agnos.s.and.Treatment for The d.velopment of Chronic Liver d.s.as. in Zhejiang Province WenzhouChina

Background.Currently,there are no effective method. for as.es.ing hepatic inflammation without res.rting to his.ological examination of liver tis.ue obtained.by biops..T2-weighted.images.T2WI)are routinely obtained.from liver magnetic res.nance imaging(MRI)s.an *** aimed.to es.ablis. a rad.omics.s.gnature bas.d.on T2WI(T2-Rs.for as.es.ment of hepatic inflammation in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver d.s.as.(NAFLd..Method.:A total of 203 ind.vid.als.with biops.-confirmed.NAFLd.from two ind.pend.nt Chines. cohorts.with liver MRI examination were enrolled.in this.*** hepatic inflammatory activity s.ore(IAs.was.calculated.by the unweighted.s.m of the his.ologic s.ores.for lobular inflammation and.*** thous.nd.and.thirty-two rad.omics.features.were extracted.from the localized.region of interes.(ROI)in the right liver lobe of T2WI and.s.bs.quently,s.lected.by minimum red.nd.ncy maximum relevance and.leas. abs.lute s.rinkage and.s.lection operator(LAs.O)*** T2-Rs.was.calculated.by ad.ing the s.lected.features.weighted.by their ***:Eighteen rad.omics.features.from Laplacian of Gaus.ian,wavelet,and.original images.were s.lected.for es.ablis.ing *** T2-Rs.value d.ffered.s.gnificantly between groups.with increas.ng grad.s.of hepatic inflammation(Ps.yield.d.an area und.r the receiver operating characteris.ic(ROC)curve(AUROC)of 0.80[95%confid.nce interval(CI):0.71-0.89]for pred.cting hepatic inflammation in the training cohort with excellent *** AUROCs.of T2-Rs.in the internal cohort and.external valid.tion cohorts.were 0.77(0.61-0.93)and.0.75(0.63-0.84),***:The T2-Rs.d.rived.from rad.omics.analys.s.of T2WI s.ows.promis.ng utility for pred.cting hepatic inflammation in ind.vid.als.with NAFLd.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver d.s.as.(NAFLd. inflammation activity rad.omics magnetic res.nance imaging(MRI)

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Glycemic control pred.cts.the ris. of hepatic fibros.s.in biops.-proven NAFLd.a pos.ible med.ating role for leukemia inhibitory factor?

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iLIVER 2022年第1期1卷 30-34页

作者： Feng Gong kenneth I.Zheng Liang-Jie Tang Gang Li Rafael s.Rios.Ou-Yang Huang Yang-Yang Li Chris.opher d.Byrne Giovanni Targher Man Mi Na He Hong-Lei Ma Ming-Hua Zheng Xi'an Med.cal Univers.ty China NAFLd.Res.arch Center Department of HepatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina d.partment of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina s.uthampton National Ins.itute for Health Res.arch Biomed.cal Res.arch Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK s.ction of End.crinology Diabetes and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of VeronaVeronaItaly The Firs. Affiliated.Hos.ital of Xi'an Med.cal Univers.ty Xi'anChina Ins.itute of Hepatology Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina Key Laboratory of d.agnos.s.and.Treatment for the d.velopment of Chronic Liver d.s.as. in Zhejiang Province WenzhouChina

Background.d.s.ite the clear link between nonalcoholic fatty liver d.s.as.(NAFLd.and.type 2 d.abetes.mellitus.little is.und.rs.ood.about how glycemic control impacts.his.ological *** aimed.to inves.igate the d.eper as.ociation between hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)and.the his.ologic s.verity of liver ***:A total of 568 ad.lts.with biops.-proven NAFLd.from the PERs.Ns.cohort in Wenzhou were *** as.ociation between mean HbA1c and.hepatic his.ological features.was.inves.igated.with ord.nal logis.ic *** ad.itive mod.ls.were us.d.to id.ntify the non-linear relations.ip between HbA1c and.increas.d.fibros.s.s.age(s.age F3).Caus.l med.ation analys.s.was.performed.to calculate the ind.rect effect of the relations.ip between HbA1c and.hepatic fibros.s.med.ated.by ***:Every 1%increas. in mean HbA1c was.as.ociated.with 16%higher od.s.of increas.d.fibros.s.s.age(od.s.ratio 1.16,95%CI 1.04–1.30),even after ad.us.ment for confound.ng *** was.a non-linear as.ociation between HbA1c and.increas.d.fibros.s.s.age(s.age F3),and.the HbA1c inflection point was.9.2%.In particular,the ORs.on the left and.right s.d.s.of this.inflection point were 2.1(95%CI 1.4–3.3)and.0.1(95%CI 0–4.8),res.ectively.7%of the as.ociation(OR 1.07,95%CI 1.01–1.12)between HbA1c and.liver fibros.s.was.med.ated.by leukemia inhibitory ***:Glycemic control pred.cts.s.verity of hepatic fibros.s.and.leukemia inhibitory factor plays.an intermed.ary role between them,and.thus.optimizing glycemic control may be a means.of mod.fying the ris. of fibros.s.progres.ion in NAFLd.

关键词： NAFLd Leukemia inhibitory factor Hepatic fibros.s

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