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The Roles of Different c.E Domains in Arabidopsis c.E Polypeptide Ac.ivity and Func.ional Spec.fic.ty

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Molec.lar Plant 2010年第4期3卷 760-772页

作者： Ling Meng kenneth c. Ruth Jennifer c. Fletc.er Lewis Feldman Department of Plant and Mic.obial Biology 111 Koshland Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA Plant Gene Expression c.nter USDA-UC Berkeley 800 Buchanan Street Albany CA 94710 USA

The c.E （c.VATA3/ESR-related） family of plant polypeptide signaling molec.les shares a c.nserved 14-aminoac.d （aa） motif, designated the c.E motif, whic. rec.nt studies suggest is suffic.ent for c.E func.ion in vitro. In this study, we report that Arabidopsis c.E proteins c.n func.ion in a tissue-spec.fic.manner and c.nfirm some c.E fac.ors c.n ac. through different rec.ptors. Using domain swapping, we show for the first time that the c.E motif likely determines muc. of the func.ional tissue-spec.fic.ty of the proteins in planta. However, we also provide evidenc. in support of the new view that sequenc.s outside the c.E motif （14 aa） c.ntribute to c.E func.ion and func.ional spec.fic.ty in vivo. Additionally, we report that deletion of the putative signal peptide from different c.E proteins c.mpletely inac.ivates c.E func.ion in vivo, whereas exc.anging the c.E signal peptides with a c.nventional signal peptide from a ric. glyc.ne-ric. c.ll wall protein also influenc.s c.E func.ion. We thus propose that the c.E motif itself determines its func.ional tissue-spec.fic.ty by dic. tating the direc. rec.gnition and interac.ion of eac. c.E peptide with its optimal rec.ptor（s）, whereas the rec.ptor（s） may be available in a tissue-spec.fic.manner. On the other hand, the sequenc.s outside the c.E motif may influenc. c.E func.ion by affec.ing the proc.ssing of c.E peptides, resulting in a c.ange in the availability and/or abundanc. of c.E peptides in spec.fic.tissues and/or c.lls.

关键词： Arabidopsis c.ll signaling c.E meristem polypeptide protein domain.

Pefabloc. A sulfonyl fluoride serine protease inhibitor bloc.s induc.ion of Dioteric.n in Drosoohila 1（2）mbn c.lls

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2012年第4期19卷 472-476页

作者： Karin c. Johansson kenneth Soderhall Maria I. Lind Department of c.mparative Physiology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

Insec.s protec. themselves against mic.obial infec.ion by an effic.ent innate immune system that is ac.ivated by rec.gnition ofinvariant mic.obial surfac. molec.les. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster the presenc. of bac.eria is assoc.ated with expression of antimic.obial peptides in host immune-c.mpetent tissues. Host rec.ptors detec. infec.ion and relay the signal to mount the appropriate immune response. In Drosophila hemoc.te- like l（2）mbn c.lls pre-infec.ion treatment with Pefabloc. a c.mmonly used serine protease inhibitor, induc.d two major effec.s： it bloc.ed expression of the antibac.erial peptide Dipteric.n in response to live Gram-negative bac.eria and bac.erial surfac. molec.les （c.ude lipopolysac.haride c.ntaminated by peptidoglyc.ns） and it induc.d morphologic.l c.anges.

关键词： c.ll morphology dipteric.n Drosophila IMD pathway immune response,proteinase inhibitor

Mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor and Fisher Glac.ers and basal fluxes beneath their flowbands on Amery Ic. Shelf

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Sc.enc. c.ina Earth Sc.enc.s 2007年第11期50卷 1693-1706页

作者： kenneth c. JEZEK Beata M. c.ATHó Ute c. HERZFELD Katy L. FARNESS Philippe HUYBREc.TS Byrd Polar Researc. c.nter The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA c.RES/NSIDc University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309-0449 USA Departement Geografie Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung Postfach 120161 D-27515 Bremerhaven Germany

We used in situ measurements and remote-sensing data sets to evaluate the mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor and Fisher Glac.ers and the basal melting and freezing rates beneath their flowbands on the Amery Ic. Shelf. Our findings show the Lambert and Mellor Glac.ers upstream of the ANARE Lambert Glac.er Basin (LGB) traverse may have positive imbalanc.s of 3.9±2.1 Gt a-1 and 2.1±2.4 Gt a-1, respec.ively, while the Fisher Glac.er is approximately in balanc.. The upstream region as a whole has a positive imbalanc. of 5.9±4.9 Gt a-1. The three same glac.ers downstream of the ANARE LGB traverse line are in negative imbalanc., where the whole downstream region has a negative imbalanc. of -8.5±5.8 Gt a-1. Overall the mass budgets of the Lambert, Mellor, and Fisher Glac.ers are c.ose to bal-anc., and the c.llec.ive three-glac.er system is also nearly in balanc. with a mass budget of -2.6±6.5 Gt a-1. The signific.nt positive imbalanc.s for the interior basin upstream of the ic.-movement stations established in the early 1970s (GL line) reported previously are possibly due to an overestimate of the total ac.umulation and an underestimate of the ic. flux through the GL line. The mean melting rate is -23.0±3.5 m ic. a-1 near the southern grounding line, whic. dec.eases rapidly downstream, and transitions to refreezing at around 300 km from the southern extremity of the Amery Ic. Shelf. Freezing rates along the flowbands are around 0.5±0.1 to 1.5±0.2 m ic. a-1. The per-c.ntage of ic. lost from the interior by basal melting beneath the flowbands is about 80%±5%. The total basal melting and refreezing beneath the three flowbands is 50.3±7.5 Gt ic. a-1 and 7.0±1.1 Gt ic. a-1, respec.ively. We find a muc. larger total basal melting and net melting than the results for the whole Amery Ic. Shelf derived from previous modeling and oc.anographic.measurements.

关键词： mass budget basal melting and freezing Lambert Glac.er Basin Amery Ic. Shelf East Antarc.ic.

Predic.ing the mode of flow in pneumatic.c.nveying systems—A review

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Partic.ology 2008年第5期6卷 289-300页

作者： Mark G.Jones kenneth c.Williams c.ntre for Bulk Solids and Partic.late Tec.nologies School of EngineeringUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle 2308Australia

An initial predic.ion of the partic.late mode of flow in pneumatic.c.nveying systems is benefic.al as this knowledge c.n provide c.earer direc.ion to the pneumatic.c.nveying design proc.ss. There are three general c.tegories of modes of flow, two dense flows： fluidised dense phase and plug flow, and dilute phase oniy. Detailed in this paper is a review of the c.mmonly used and available tec.niques for predic.ing mode of flow. Two types of predic.ive c.arts were defined： basic.partic.e parameter based （e.g. partic.e size and density） and air-partic.e parameter based （e.g. permeability and de-aeration）. The basic.partic.e tec.niques were found to have strong and weak areas of predic.ive ability, on the basis of a c.mparison with data from materials with known mode of flow c.pability. It was found that there was only slight improvement in predic.ive ability when the partic.e density was replac.d by loose-poured bulk density in the basic.parameter tec.niques. The air-partic.e-parameter-based tec.niques also showed well-defined regions for mode of flow predic.ion though the data set used was smaller than that for the basic.tec.niques. Also, it was found to be diffic.lt to utilise de-aeration values from different researc.ers and subsequently, an air-partic.e-based tec.nique was developed whic. does not require any de-aeration parameter in its assessment.

关键词： Pneumatic.c.nveying Mode of flow Dense phase Permeability De-aeration

Determination of slug permeability fac.or for pressure drop predic.ion of slug flow pneumatic.c.nveying

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Partic.ology 2008年第5期6卷 307-315页

作者： kenneth c.Williams Mark G.Jones Tobias Krull c.ntre for Bulk Solids and Partic.late Tec.nology The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

c.rrent models for pressure drop predic.ion of slug flow pneumatic.c.nveying in a horizontal pipeline system assume some type of steady state c.nditions for predic.ion, whic. limits their c.pability for inc.eased predic.ive ac.urac. relative to experimental data. This is partly bec.use of the nature of slug flow pneumatic.c.nveying system, whic., as a dynamic.system, never bec.mes stable. By utilising c.nservation of mass （airflow）, a dynamic.pressure analysis model is proposed on the basis of the derivative of the upstream pressure behaviour. The rate of air permeation through slug, one of the important fac.ors in the c.nservation model, is expressed as a func.ion of a slug permeability fac.or. Other fac.ors suc. as slug veloc.ty, slug length and the frac.ion of stationary layer were also c.nsidered. Several test materials were c.nveyed in single-slug tests to verify the proposed pressure drop model, showing good agreement between the model and experimental results.

关键词： Slug flow pneumatic.c.nveying Pressure drop Air mass c.nversation Slug permeability fac.or

Role of inflammation and infec.ion in the pathogenesis of human ac.te liver failure: c.inic.l implic.tions for monitoring and therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第26期22卷 5958-5970页

作者： Mhairi c.Donnelly Peter c.Hayes kenneth J Simpson Department of Hepatology and Sc.ttish Liver Transplant Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

Ac.te liver failure is a rare and devastating c.inic.l c.ndition. At present, emergenc. liver transplantation is the only life-saving therapy in advanc.d c.ses, yet the feasibility of transplantation is affec.ed by the presenc. of systemic.inflammation, infec.ion and resultant multiorgan failure. The importanc. of immune dysregulation and ac.uisition of infec.ion in the pathogenesis of ac.te liver failure and its assoc.ated c.mplic.tions is now rec.gnised. In this review we disc.ss c.rrent thinking regarding the role of infec.ion and inflammation in the pathogenesis of and outc.me in human ac.te liver failure, the implic.tions for the management of suc. patients and suggest direc.ions for future researc..

关键词： Inflammation Neuroinflammation Ac.te liver failure Biomarker Infec.ion

c.arac.erization of the gas pulse frequenc.,amplitude and veloc.ty in non-steady dense phase pneumatic.c.nveying of powders

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Partic.ology 2008年第5期6卷 301-306页

作者： kenneth c.Williams Mark G.Jones Ahmed A.c.nna c.ntre for Bulk Solids and Partic.late Tec.nologies School of EngineeringUniversity of Newcastle

c.rrent modelling tec.niques for the predic.ion of c.nveying line pressure drop in low veloc.ty dense phase pneumatic.c.nveying are largely based on steady state analyses. Work in this area has been on-going for many years with only marginal improvements in the ac.urac. of predic.ion being ac.ieved. Experimental and theoretic.l investigations undertaken by the authors suggest that the flow mec.anisms involved in dense phase c.nveying are dominated by transient effec.s rather than those of steady state and are possibly the princ.pal reasons for the limited improvement in ac.urac.. This paper reports on investigations on the pressure fluc.uation behaviour in dense phase pneumatic.c.nveying of powders. The pressure behaviour of the gas flow in the top sec.ion of the pipeline was found to exhibit pulsatile osc.llations. In partic.lar, the pulse veloc.ty showed variation in magnitude while the frequenc. of the osc.llations rarely exc.eded 5 Hz. A wavelet analysis using the Daubec.ie 4 wavelet found that the amplitude of the osc.llations inc.eased along the pipeline. Furthermore, there was signific.nt variation in gas pulse amplitude for different types of partic.late material.

关键词： Pneumatic.c.nveying Powders Dense phase Pulsatile flow Transient flow

Partic.e shape c.arac.erisation and its applic.tion to disc.ete element modelling

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Partic.ology 2014年第1期12卷 80-89页

作者： kenneth c.Williams Wei c.en Sebastian Weeger Timothy J.Donohue c.ntre for Bulk Solids and Partic.late Tec.nologies Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources The University of Newcastle Georg-Simon-Ohm University Nuremberg TUNRA Bulk Solids Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources The University of Newcastle

Inc.easing importanc. has been plac.d on partic.e shape implementation within disc.ete element mod elling （DEM） in order to more ac.urately reflec. the nonspheric.l behaviour of the bulk material being handled. As c.mputational resourc.s grow, c.mplex partic.e shapes are inc.easingly being modelled as the assoc.ated simulation times bec.me more realistic.to provide timely solutions. The objec.ive of this researc. is to assess partic.e shape desc.iptors through a digital image segmentation tec.nique, and to further implement partic.e shape parameters into generation of c.rresponding irregular shaped DEM partic.es. Separated and lumped partic.e images were analysed and rec.nstruc.ed through the devel opment of two distinc. methodologies. Subsequently, various partic.e shape desc.iptors were obtained using c.mbinations of image segmentation algorithms, inc.uding mathematic.l morphology proc.ssing, thresholding, edge detec.ion, region growing, region splitting and region merging. DEM partic.es were subsequently c.eated using partic.e shape results obtained above. Shape parameters of DEM partic.es were then examined and validated against the real partic.e shape parameters.

关键词： Partic.e shapesPartic.e morphologyImage segmentationDisc.ete element modelling

A qualitative study on the pulsatile flow phenomenon in a dense fly ash pneumatic.c.nveyor

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Partic.ology 2014年第6期12卷 81-91页

作者： Wei c.en kenneth c.Williams Isabel Jabs Mark G.Jones c.ntre for Bulk Solids and Partic.late Tec.nologies Newcastle Institute for Energy and ResourcesThe University of Newcastle Fac.lty of Mec.anic.l Engineering Leibniz University of Hanover

Understanding of the dynamic.partic.late flow struc.ures within a dense gas-fly ash pneumatic.c.nveyor must be improved in order to better aid its design *** c.mplex pulsatile movement of the gas-fly ash mixture dominates the flow performanc. within the pipeline,and historic.lly,non-invasive measurement devic.s suc. as the elec.ric.l c.pac.tanc. tomography（Ec.） were often used to suffic.ently c.pture the flow ***,inadequate studies have been c.nduc.ed on the pulsatile flow phenomenon,whic. direc.ly relate to the gas-fly ash two-phase flow *** paper aims to investigate the pulsatile flows using an Ec. ***,pulsatile flow patterns under various experimental c.nditions were obtained through *** within a flow were then c.arac.erised into pulse growth and dec.y segments,whic. represent the superfic.al fluidisation and deaeration proc.sses during ***,struc.ural and statistic.l analyses were performed on the pulse growth and dec.y *** suggested that the inc.easing air mass flow rate led to the dec.ease of the superfic.al fluidisation/deaeration magnitude,however,the inc.ease of the superfic.al fluidisation/deaeration ***,the air mass flow rate was indic.ted as the dominant fac.or in determining the pulsing statistic.l *** researc. provides fundamental insights for further modelling the dense fly ash pneumatic.flows.

关键词： Pneumatic.c.nveying Elec.ric.l c.pac.tanc. tomography Fly ash Pulsatile flows Flow pattern analysis