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Levels of Agricultural Pesticides in Sediments and Irrigation Water from Tono and Vea in the Upper East of Ghana

Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第6期2卷 761-768页

作者： kenneth b. pelig-ba 不详

Water and sediment samples were taken from selected irrigation dams located at Tono and Vea in the Upper East Region of Ghana and analyzed for organic pesticides using gas chromatography. Sixteen organic residues were identified of which thirteen had at least some trace concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 25.4 μg/L. It was found in the lab.ratory that the concentrations of DDT, b.C and heptachlor were ab.ve the upper limited recommended b. WHO and the concentrations of DDT in b.th reservoirs were higher than 20 times the recommended limits. High concentrations of DDT were found in the water samples while the other two residues were identified in the sediments. The high DDT concentration in water was due to 1) the initial amount of DDT applied and the period in the reservoirs, 2) a half-life of 350 days suggested that much of the DDT originally used was not destroyed if applied less than this period, 3) its low solub.lity in water did not allow for dissolution and sub.equent dispersal in water;4) the indiscriminate uses of DDT for fishing as confirmed b. the local people The high DDT level suggested that the water is not safe for many aquatic organisms and even humans. Generally the levels of these organic residues suggested that the dams have b.en polluted due to human activities such as farming and the unorthodox method of fishing. Therefore, steps should b. taken to reduce the levels of DDT concentrations to preserve the aquatic life in the dams.

关键词： Pesticides Sediments Irrigation Dams Tono Vea

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Potential Risks to the Environment as a Result of Pesticide Handling in the Nanumb.-North Municipality, Ghana

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第2期12卷 65-83页

作者： Fusheini Yakub. kenneth b. pelig-ba Samson A. Ab.gale Lateef Adeb.yo Oseni Department of Chemistry and b.ochemistry C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

The present study deduced the potential risks to the environment as a result of pesticide handling in the Nanumb.-North Municipality of the Northern Region of Ghana. Cluster sampling was used to select 30 communities from Nanumb.-North Municipality. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling were used respectively to select 7 households from each community and one farmer from each household, giving a sample size of 210 farmers. The instrument used for the study was a questionnaire of respondents. The quantitative data ob.ained were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The study concluded that 11 types of pesticides are commonly used b. the farmers on their fields, with atrazine (22%) b.ing the most commonly used pesticide which is an herb.cide, and deltamethrin (1%) was the least used pesticide which is an insecticide. The study, therefore, recommends that appropriate authorities in the area should inculcate means to enlighten farmers on the b.st way of pesticide utilization that can b.ef up the amb.tion of sustainab.e agricultural production and desirab.e environmental conditions.

关键词： Pesticide Risk Nanumb.-North Municipality Environment

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Phase 3 trial of first generation protease inhib.tor therapy for hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第4期9卷 217-223页

作者： kenneth E Sherman Minhee Kang Richard Sterling Triin Umb.eja Kristen Marks Jennifer J Kiser b.verly Alston-Smith Wayne Greaves Adeel A b.tt 无 Division of Digestive Diseases University of Cincinnati College of Medicine harvard T.h. Chan School of Pub.ic health Department of Gastroenterology Virginia Commonwealth University Division of Infectious Disease Weill Cornell Medical School University of Colorado School of Pharmacy NIAID-Division of AIDS Merck and Co Inc. University of Pittsb.rgh School of Medicine hamad healthcare Quality Institute the ACTG 5294 b.RTH Study Team

AIMTo evaluate efficacy/safety of hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhib.tor b.ceprevir with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alfa and weight-b.sed rib.virin (Rb.) in a phase 3 trial. METHODSA prospective, multicenter, phase 3, open-lab.l, single-arm study of PEG-IFN alfa, weight-b.sed Rb., and b.ceprevir, with a PEG-IFN/Rb. lead-in phase was performed. The HCV/human immunodeficiency virus coinfected study population included treatment naïve (TN) and treatment experienced (TE) patients. Treatment duration ranged from 28 to 48 wk dependent upon response-guided criteria. All patients had HCV Genotype 1 with a viral load > 10000 IU/mL. Compensated cirrhosis was allowed. Sample size was determined to estab.ish superiority to historical (PEG-IFN plus Rb.) rates in sustained viral response (SVR). RESULTSA total of 257 enrolled participants were analyzed (135 TN and 122 TE). In the TN group, 81.5% were male and 54.1% were b.ack. In the TE group, 76.2% were male and 47.5% were white. Overall SVR12 rates (HCV RNA P = 0.002). Among the TN, SVR12 was 42.1% among whites and 27.4% among b.acks (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONThe trial met its hypothesis of improved SVR compared to historical controls b.t overall SVR rates were low. All-oral HCV treatments will mitigate these difficulties.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus b.ceprevir Pegylated interferon alfa Rib.virin

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