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Rise in deaths from drug overdose and firearm injury during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its impact on organ transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第2期15卷 265-275页

作者： Roshan Dhand kenji Okumura Seigo Nishida Abhay Dhand Horace Greeley High School ChappaquaNY 10514United States Department of Surgery Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical CollegeValhallaNY 10595United States Department of Surgery and Medicine Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical CollegeValhallaNY 10595United States

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic had a profound societal impact in the United States which was associated with a decrease in overall life expectancy and an increase in substance abuse and firearm *** under-standing of changes in mortality trends during the pandemic and its effect on organ availability for transplantation is *** To examine the trends of substance abuse and firearm injury fatalities during COVID-19 and a potential correlation with organ *** Crude rates of population-based deaths among adults(18-75 years)from firearm injury and substance abuse from the period of 2014-2021 were obtained from centers of disease control wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research *** rates of causes of donor(18-75 years)deaths from 2014-2021 were obtained from the united network for organ sharing *** Average annual percentage change(AAPC)deaths among the United States population were 16.4%from substance abuse and 3.4%from firearm *** in cause of death among organ donors was 10.9%from drug intoxication and 2.1%from firearm *** was a significant(P<0.001)and progressive increase in mortality from both causes during the pandemic(2020-2021)and significant correlation(P<0.001)between population and donor causes of ***-19 exacerbated trends in substance abuse and firearm mortality with a consequent increase in organ donation from donors who died from these two *** Identifying the socioeconomic and regional disparities associated with increase in deaths from substance abuse and firearms can help guide post-pandemic healthcare policies and mitigate their impact on organ transplantation.

关键词： COVID-19 Transplantation Disparities Substance abuse Opioid overdose Firearm injury Mortality Pandemic Coronavirus Determinants of health

Valley-selective manipulation of moiréexcitons through optical Stark effect

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第1期34卷 14-18页

作者： Chenran Xu Jichen Zhou Zhexu Shan Wenjian Su kenji Watanabe Takashi Taniguchi Dawei Wang Yanhao Tang School of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan

Semiconductor moirésuperlattices provide great platforms for exploring exotic collective *** Stark effect,a shift of the electronic transition in the presence of a light field,provides an ultrafast and coherent method of manipulating matter states,which,however,has not been demonstrated in moiré***,we report the valleyselective optical Stark effect of moiréexcitons in the WSe_(2)/WS_(2)superlattice by using transient reflection *** valley-selective energy shifts up to 7.8 meV have been observed for moiréexcitons,corresponding to pseudomagnetic fields as large as 34 *** results provide a route to coherently manipulate exotic states in moirésuperlattices.

关键词： optical Stark effect moir´e exciton transient reflection spectroscopy

Liver transplant practices in the era of normothermic machine perfusion in the United States

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第2期15卷 257-264页

作者： kenji Okumura Abhay Dhand Bima J Hasjim Ryosuke Misawa Hiroshi Sogawa Gregory Veillette Seigo Nishida Department of Surgery Westchester Medical CenterValhallaNY 10595United States Department of Surgery University of CaliforniaIrvine Medical CenterOrangeCA 92697United States

BACKGROUND Normothermic liver machine perfusion(NMP)is a novel technology used to preserve and evaluate the function of liver *** To assess NMP utilization in liver transplant(LT)*** All adult deceased-donor LT recipients between January 2021 and September 2023 in the United States were *** including discard rates,survival,preservation time and timing of surgery were compared between two groups:NMP vs *** Between 2021 and 2023,NMP was utilized in 1493(6.3%)of all LTs in the United *** to non-NMP group,NMP group had lower allograft discard rate(6.5%vs 10%,P<0.001),older recipients’age(median:47 vs 42 years,P<0.001),and higher utilization of donors from donation after circulatory death(DCD)(55%vs 11%,P<0.001).NMP group also had longer distances between recipient and donor hospitals(median:156 vs 138 miles,P<0.001),longer preser-vation time(median:12.2 vs 5.8 hours,P<0.001),and more daytime reperfusion(74%vs 55%,P<0.001).Post-transplant survival outcomes were comparable between the two *** a subgroup analysis of NMP,recipients in the long preservation time(≥8 hours)group had higher daytime reperfusion(78%vs 55%,P<0.001)and similar post-transplant survival when compared to the short preservation time(<8 hours)*** The utilization of NMP is associated with lower discard rates and increased DCD organs for *** allows for prolonging the preservation time and increased occurrence of daytime LT,without any impact on the survival outcomes.

关键词： Liver transplant Machine perfusion Daytime Distance

Estimation of TBR on the Gap Between Neighboring Blanket Modules in the DEMO Reactor

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第2期15卷 171-174页

作者： Youji SOMEYA kenji TOBITA Japan Atomic Energy Agency Rokkasyo-mura Kamikita-gun Aomori 039-3212 Japan

When one wants to simply estimate tritium breeding ratio （TBR）, the TBR may be reduced from a ＂local＂ TBR for the breeding zones of a blanket module by multiplying the breeder coverage （= the surface area of effective breeding region / the surface area of the first wall around plasma）. When blanket modules are arranged~ the gap between neighboring modules and the frames of the modules are regarded as nombreeding zones. On the other hand, neutrons scattered in the non-breeding zones can enter breeding zones, contributing to tritium production. This means that the estimation method mentioned above tends to underestimate TBR. In order to assess the scattering effect quantitatively, we carried out a three-dimensional Monte Carlo N-particle transport MCNP-5 calculation. It was found from the calculation that there is little decrease in TBR for gaps less than 4 cm when the blanket thickness is 70 cm. The result indicates that such a wide allowance of the gap will facilitate access of remote handling equipment for the replacement of blanket modules and improve access of diagnostics.

关键词： blanket tritium breeding ratio neutron scattering MCNP

Dynamic properties of a flexible metal-organic framework exhibiting a unique"picture frame"-like crystal morphology

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Nano Research 2021年第2期14卷 432-437页

作者： kenji Sumida Nao Horike Shuhei Furukawa Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences(WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto UniversityYoshidaSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8501Japan Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials School of Physical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideSA 5005Australia

The precise control of the crystal morphology of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)enables optimization of its adsorptive properties,as well as enables better integration within functional ***,the influence of such modifications on the dynamic properties of flexible MOFs is poorly understood Here,we report the synthesis of a series of Cu_(2)(bdc)_(2)(bpy)(bdc^(2-)=1,4-benzenedicarboxylate;bpy=4,4,-bipyridine)crystals having an unusual picture frame-like morphology that results from a restriction in the quantity of bpy pillars added to the reaction mixture during the intercalation of the Cu_(2)(bdc)_(2)(MeOH)_(2)*** width of the frames is found to correlate with the quantity of bpy,and importantly,causes the dynamic properties of the resulting Cu_(2)(bdc)_(2)(bpy)material to vary between rigid,elastic,and shape memory *** all,the results demonstrate the potential for the properties of MOFs to be optimized via subtle manipulations in the crystal morphology rather than changes in the overall material composition.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks morphology control framework flexibility shape-memory effect gas sorption

Analysis of deformation mechanisms in magnesium single crystals using a dedicated four-point bending tester

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1911-1917页

作者： Yutaka Yoshida Rikuto Izawa kenji Ohkubo Faculty of Engineering Kitami Institute of TechnologyKoen-choKitamiHokkaido 090-8507Japan Graduate student Department of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringKitami Institute of TechnologyKoen-choKitamiHokkaido 090-8507Japan Center for Advanced Research of Materials Faculty of EngineeringHokkaido UniversityKita-kuSapproHokkaido 060-8628Japan Kyokuto Kaihatsu Kogyo Co. Ltd.AwajiChuohuOosakaOosaka 541-0047Japan

In this study,we explored the deformation mechanisms of Mg single crystals using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction in conjunction with a dedicated four-point bending *** prepared two single-crystal samples,oriented along theanddirections,to assess the mechanisms of deformation when the initial basal slip was *** thesample,the primary{1012}twin(T1)was confirmed along thedirection of the sample on the compression side with an increase in bending *** thesample,T1 and the secondary twin(T2)were confirmed to be along thedirection,with an orientation of±60°with respect to the bending stress direction,and their direction matched with(0001)in T1 and *** result implies that crystallographically,the basal slip occurs *** addition,thesample showed the double twin in T1 on the compression side and the tertiary twin along thedirection on the tension *** results demonstrated that the maximum bending stress and displacement changed significantly under the bend loading because the deformation mechanisms were different for these single ***,the correlation between bending behavior and twin orientation was determined,which would be helpful for optimizing the bending properties of Mg-based materials.

关键词： Four-point bending Magnesium single crystal Twinning Basal slip Scanning electron microscopy Electron backscatter diffraction

Approximate Solutions to the Hamilton-Jacobi Equations for Generating Functions

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第2期33卷 261-288页

作者： HAO Zhiwei FUJIMOTO kenji ZHANG Qiuhua Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Kyoto UniversityC3 Bldg.Kyotodaigaku-katsuraNishikyo-kuKyoto 615-8540Japan

For a nonlinear finite time optimal control problem,a systematic numerical algorithm to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a generating function is proposed in this *** algorithm allows one to obtain the Taylor series expansion of the generating function up to any prescribed order by solving a sequence of first order ordinary differential equations ***,the coefficients of the Taylor series expansion of the generating function can be computed exactly under a certain technical *** a generating function is found,it can be used to generate a family of optimal control for different boundary *** the generating function is computed off-line,the on-demand computational effort for different boundary conditions decreases a lot compared with the conventional *** is useful to online optimal trajectory generation *** examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Generating functions Hamilton-Jacobi equations optimal control Taylor series expansion two-point boundary-value problems

The thermal conductivity of the Earth's core and implications for its thermal and compositional evolution

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National Science Review 2021年第4期8卷 18-20页

作者： kenji Ohta Kei Hirose Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of Earth and Planetary Science The University of Tokyo

The thermal conductivity of iron alloys is a key to understanding the mechanism of convection in the Earth’s liquid core and its thermal history. The Earth’s magnetic field is formed by a dynamo action that requires...

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Electron transfer governed by light-matter interaction at metal-semiconductor interface

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1628-1635页

作者： kenji Iida Masashi Noda Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science Institute for Molecular ScienceMyodaijiOkazaki 444-8585Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba1-1-1 TennodaiTsukuba 305-8577Japan

The photoexcitation of heterostructures consisting of metallic nanoclusters and a semiconductor has been extensively investigated in relation to interests in photocatalysis and optical *** optoelectronic functions of the heterostructures originate from localized surface plasmon resonance,which can induce electron and resonance energy *** it is well known that photoinduced electronic interaction between a metallic nanocluster and a semiconductor is responsible for the resonance energy transfer,the electron transfer associated with the photoinduced electronic interaction has not been *** this paper,we elucidate the photoexcitation dynamics of a silver nanocluster/TiO_(2) heterostructure using an original first-principles computational approach that explicitly deals with light–matter *** is shown that the photoinduced silver–TiO_(2) electronic interaction causes excited electrons to be directly transferred from the silver nanocluster to the TiO2 layer without passing through the conduction band of the silver nanocluster.

关键词： silver interaction transfer