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Why China needs data sharing to address its air-quality challenge

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National Science review 2017年第6期4卷 794-797页

作者： Patrick Funk Lan Xue Zheng Liang kelly S.Gallagher Peter F. Cowhey Erica r.H.Fuchs Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University School of Public Policy and Management Tsinghua University The Fletcher School Tufts University School of Global Policy and Strategy University of California San Diego

In the fight against air pollution,sharing data within China and forming scientists’consensus on data-driven policy recommendations are at least as important as data *** scale of data publicly available can have dram... 详细信息

关键词： Why China needs data sharing to address its air-quality challenge

Hematopoietic stem cell-derived adipocytes and fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第2期7卷 253-265页

作者： Ying Xiong Lindsay T Mc Donald Dayvia L russell ryan r kelly Katie r Wilson Meenal Mehrotra Adam C Soloff Amanda C Larue research Services Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center the Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South CarolinaRalph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center Department of Microbiology and Immunology Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center

The tumor microenvironment(TME) is complex and constantly evolving. This is due, in part, to the crosstalk between tumor cells and the multiple cell types that comprise the TME, which results in a heterogeneous population of tumor cells and TME cells. This review will focus on two stromal cell types, the cancerassociated adipocyte(CAA) and the cancer-associated fibroblast(CAF). In the clinic, the presence of CAAs and CAFs in the TME translates to poor prognosis in multiple tumor types. CAAs and CAFs have an activated phenotype and produce growth factors, inflammatory factors, cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix components, and proteases in an accelerated and aberrant fashion. Through this activated state, CAAs and CAFs remodel the TME, thereby driving all aspects of tumor progression, including tumor growth and survival, chemoresistance, tumor vascularization, tumor invasion, and tumor cell metastasis. Similarities in the tumorpromoting functions of CAAs and CAFs suggest that a multipronged therapeutic approach may be necessary to achieve maximal impact on disease. While CAAs and CAFs are thought to arise from tissues adjacent to the tumor, multiple alternative origins for CAAs and CAFs have recently been identified. recent studies from our lab and others suggest that the hematopoietic stem cell, through the myeloid lineage, may serve as a progenitor for CAAs and CAFs. We hypothesize that the multiple origins of CAAs and CAFs may contribute to the heterogeneity seen in the TME. Thus, a better understanding of the origin of CAAs and CAFs, how this origin impacts their functions in the TME, and thetemporal participation of uniquely originating TME cells may lead to novel or improved anti-tumor therapeutics.

关键词： Hematopoietic stem cell Cancer associatedadipocyte Mesenchymal stromal cell Tumor progression Cancer associated fibroblast Plasticity Metastasis Fibrocyte

Emergency medicine residencies structure of trainees'administrative experience:A cross-sectional survey

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第3期9卷 187-190页

作者： kelly Williamson Jeremy Branzetti Navneet Cheema Amer Aldeen Department of Emergency Medicine Advocate Christ Medical CenterOak LawnIllinois 60453USA Department of Emergency Medicine NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois 60637USA US Acute Care Solutions CantonOhio 44718USA

BACKGrOUND:While the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education(ACGME)mandates that emergency medicine residencies provide an educational curriculum that includes administrative seminars and morbidity and mortality conference,there is significant variation as to how administrative topics are implemented into training *** seek to determine the prevalence of dedicated administrative rotations and details about the components of the ***:In this descriptive study,a 12-question survey was distributed via the COrD listserv;each member program was asked questions concerning the presence of an administrative rotation and details about its *** responses were then analyzed with simple descriptive ***:A total of 114 of the 168 programs responded,leading to a 68%response *** responders,73%have a dedicated administrative rotation(95%CI 64.0 to 80.4).The content areas covered by the majority of programs with a dedicated program include performance improvement(n=68),patient safety(n=64),ED operations(n=58),patient satisfaction(n=54),billing and coding(n=47),and inter-professional collaboration(n=43).Experiential learning activities include review of patient safety reports(n=66)and addressing patient complaints(n=45).Most of the teaching on the rotation is either in-person(n=65)and/or self-directed reading assignments(n=48).The most commonly attended meetings during the rotation include performance improvement(n=60),ED operations(n=59),and ED faculty(n=44).CONCLUSION:This paper provides an overview of the most commonly covered resident administrative experiences that can be a guide as we work to develop an ideal administrative curriculum for EM residents.

关键词： Graduate Medical Education Administration

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Deciphering the role of hedgehog signaling in pancreatic cancer

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The Journal of Biomedical research 2016年第5期30卷 353-360页

作者： Dongsheng Gu kelly E Schlotman Jingwu Xie Wells Center for Pediatric research Division of Hematology and OncologyDepartment of PediatricsIndiana University Simon Cancer CenterIndiana University

Pancreatic cancer, mostly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma （PDAC）, is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the US, with a dismal median survival of 6 months. Thus, there is an urgent unmet need to identify ways to diagnose and to treat this deadly cancer. Although a number of genetic changes have been identified in pancreatic cancer, their mechanisms of action in tumor development, progression and metastasis are not completely understood. Hedgehog signaling, which plays a major role in embryonic development and stem cell regulation, is known to be activated in pancreatic cancer; however, specific inhibitors targeting the smoothened molecule failed to improve the condition of pancreatic cancer patients in clinical trials. Furthermore, results regarding the role of Hh signaling in pancreatic cancer are controversial with some reporting tumor promoting activities whereas others tumor suppressive actions. In this review, we will summarize what we know about hedgehog signaling in pancreatic cancer, and try to explain the contradicting roles of hedgehog signaling as well as the reason（s） behind the failed clinical trials. In addition to the canonical hedgehog signaling, we will also discuss several non-canonical hedgehog signaling mechanisms.

关键词： hedgehog pancreatic cancer Glil non-canonical signaling cancer metastasis

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Potential for natural and enhanced attenuation of sulphanilamide in a contaminated chalk aquifer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第12期29卷 39-48页

作者： Karen A.Bennett Simon D.kelly Xiangyu Tang Brian J.reid School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR4 7TJUK Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency1400 ViennaAustria Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academyof SciencesChengdu 610041China

Understanding antibiotic biodegradation is important to the appreciation of their fate and removal from the environment. In this research an Isotope ratio Mass Spectrometry（IrMS）method was developed to evaluate the extent of biodegradation of the antibiotic,sulphanilamide, in contaminated groundwater. results indicted an enrichment in δ^（13）C of8.44‰ from-26.56（at the contaminant source） to-18.12‰（300 m downfield of the source）.These results confirm reductions in sulphanilamide concentrations（from 650 to 10 mg/L）across the contaminant plume to be attributable to biodegradation（56%） vs. other natural attenuation processes, such as dilution or dispersion（42%）. To understand the controls on sulphanilamide degradation ex-situ microcosms assessed the influence of sulphanilamide concentration, redox conditions and an alternative carbon source. results indicated, high levels of anaerobic capacity（~50% mineralisation） to degrade sulphanilamide under high（263 mg/L）, moderate（10 mg/L） and low（0.02 mg/L） substrate concentrations. The addition of electron acceptors; nitrate and sulphate, did not significantly enhance the capacity of the groundwater to anaerobically biodegrade sulphanilamide. Interestingly, where alternative carbon sources were present, the addition of nitrate and sulphate inhibited sulphanilamide biodegradation. These results suggest, under in-situ conditions, when a preferential carbon source was available for biodegradation, sulphanilamide could be acting as a nitrogen and/or sulphur source. These findings are important as they highlight sulphanilamide being used as a carbon and a putative nitrogen and sulphur source, under prevailing iron reducing conditions.

关键词： Antibiotics Sulphonamide Groundwater contamination Biodegradation Stable isotope fractionation IrMS

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Life after Addiction—Post-Operative Pain Management in an Obstetrical Patient on Long-Term Buprenorphine Therapy

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第9期7卷 951-956页

作者： kelly r Bowen Jonathan D Baum Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jersey Shore University Medical Center Neptune USA

A G6P2032 female, prior cesarean x3 with history of opioid addiction maintained on buprenorphine presented for scheduled repeat cesarean section. Pre-operatively, her maintenance dose of medication was held secondary to concerns for partial agonist effect. Post-operative pain control was suboptimal with the patient ultimately proceeding to withdrawal. Doses of hydromorphone were titrated to 10 mg every 3 hours to avoid further withdrawal. review of expert opinion after discharge recommended against holding buprenorphine therapy in the post-operative period. Pain management options include maintenance therapy with additional doses of opioid and non-opioid pain relieving medications.

关键词： Buprenorphine Methadone Addiction Pregnancy Opiate Use in Pregnancy

Patterns of reproductive isolation in the Drosophila subquinaria complex： can reinforced premating isolation cascade to other species？

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Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 183-191页

作者： Devon P. HUMPHrEYS Howard D. rUNDLE kelly A. DYEr Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada

The reinforcement of premating barriers due to reduced hybrid fitness in sympatry may cause secondary sexual isolation within a species as a by-product. Consistent with this, in the fly Drosophila subquinaria, females that are sympatric with D. recens mate at very low rates not only with D. recens, but also with conspecific D. subquinaria males from allopatry. Here, we ask if these effects of re- inforcement cascade more broadly to affect sexual isolation with other closely related species. We assay reproductive isolation of these species with D. transversa and find that choosy D. subquinaria females from the region sympatric with D. recens discriminate strongly against male D. transversa, whereas D. subquinaria from the allopatric region do not. This increased sexual isolation cannot be explained by natural selection to avoid mating with this species, as they are allopatric in geographic range and we do not identify any intrinsic postzygotic isolation between D. subquinaria and D. transversa. Variation in epicuticular hydrocarbons, which are used as mating signals in D. subquinaria, follow patterns of premating isolation： D. transversa and allopatric D. subquinaria are most similar to each other and differ from sympatric D. subquinaria, and those of D. recens are distinct from the other two species. We suggest that the secondary effects of reinforcement may cascade to strengthen reproductive isolation with other species that were not a target of selection. These effects may enhance the divergence that occurs in allopatry to help explain why some species are already sexually isolated upon secondary contact.

关键词： epicuticular hydrocarbons hybrid sterility mate choice reinforcement speciation Wolbachia

Psychiatric Sequelae of Chronic Pruritic Dermatoses

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Commonly used caspase inhibitors designed based on substrate specificity profiles lack selectivity

Open Journal of Medical Psychology（医学心理学） 2024年第2期 25页

作者： kelly Frasier Vivian Li Kathleen Click Christina Dudzik Michelle Sobotka Evadne rodriguez Karina Stech

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Cell research 2006年第12期16卷 961-963页

作者： Alicia B Berger kelly B Sexton Matthew Bogyo Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine300 Pasteur Dr.StanfordCA 94305USA2 Cancer BiologyGraduate Program.Stanford University School of Medicine300 Pasteur Dr.StanfordCA 94305USA Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine300 Pasteur Dr.StanfordCA 94305USA

Dear Editor:Caspase regulation and activation have been extensivelystudied since the discovery of this class of proteases almosttwo decades ago, yet surprisingly few tools are availablethat can be used to monitor individual caspase activities[1]. The most commonly used tools include caspase-specificanti-sera as well as fluorogenic substrates and ***, antibody reagents often do not provide anaccurate measure of caspase activity since several caspasefamily members (caspases 8/10 and 9) do not require pro-teolytic processing for activation [2,3].Furthermore,recentevidence suggests that caspase-7(an executioner caspase)activation occurs via a catalytically active full-length inter-mediate that cannot be differentiated from the non-cleavedinactive zymogen using antibodies[4,5].As an alternative to antibody-based reagents,smallmolecule substrates and inhibitors can be used to directlymonitor caspase activity and a relatively large number ofcaspase substrates,inhibitors,and activity-based probes arenow commercially *** reagents have begunto find widespread use in cell biological and biochemicalstudies of caspase *** most cases,these tools areused as selective reagents to assess the contribution ofspecific caspases to a given apoptotic pathway.

关键词： Commonly used caspase inhibitors designed based on substrate specificity profiles lack selectivity