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Tree structure and.d.versity shape the biomass of primary temperate mountain forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 568-579页

作者： d.eeraj Ralhan Ruffy Rod.igo Heather keith Annemiek Irene Stegehuis Jakob Pavlin Yumei Jiang Milos Ryd.al Juliana Nogueira Alexand.e Fruleux Marek Svitok Martin Mikolas d.niel Kozak Martin d.satko Pavel Jand. Oleh Chaskovsky Catalin-Constantin Roibu Miroslav Svobod. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesKamycka 129Suchdol16521 Praha 6Czech Republic d.partment of Forest Science Biliran Province State UniversityBiliran6549Philippines Griffith Climate Action Beacon Griffith UniversityParklands DriveSouthportGold CoastQueensland4222Australia Laboratoire d. Geologie IPSLCNRSUMR 8538Ecole Normale SuperieurePSL UniversityParisFrance Univ.Lille Institut Mines-TelecomUniv.ArtoisJuniaULR 4515LGCgELaboratoire de Genie Civil et Geo-EnvironnementF-59000LilleFrance d.partment of Biology and.General Ecology Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenMasaryka 2496001ZvolenSlovakia Institute of Forest Management Ukrainian National Forestry UniversityLvivUkraine Forest Biometrics Laboratory–Faculty of Forestry Stefan Cel Mare University of SuceavaUniversitații Street Number.13Suceava720229Romania

Primary forests are spatially d.verse terrestrial ecosystems with unique characteristics,being naturally regenerative and.heterogeneous,which supports the stability of their carbon storage through the accumulation of live and.d.ad.***,little is known about the interactions between biomass stocks,tree genus d.versity and.structure across a temperate montane primary ***,we investigated.the relationship between tree structure(variability in basal area and.tree size),genus-level d.versity(abund.nce,tree d.versity)and.biomass stocks in temperate primary mountain forests across Central and.Eastern *** used.inventory d.ta from726 permanent sample plots from mixed.beech and.spruce across the Carpathian *** used.nonlinear regression to analyse the spatial variability in forest biomass,structure,and.genus-level d.versity and.how they interact with plot-level tree age,d.sturbances,temperature and.*** found.that the combined.effects of genus and.structural ind.ces were important for ad.ressing the variability in biomass across d.fferent spatial *** processes in d.sturbance regimes and.uneven tree age support forest hete rogeneity and.the accumulation of live and.d.ad.biomass through the natural regeneration,growth and.d.cay of the forest *** complexities in basal area ind.x,supporte d.by genus-level abund.nce,positively influence total biomass stocks,which was mod.lated.by tree age and.*** forests showed.higher tree d.nsity and.basal area than mixed.beech forests,though mixed.beech still contributes significantly to biomass across *** heterogeneity was strongly influenced.by complexities in forest composition(tree genus d.versity,structure).We ad.ressed.the importance of primary forests as stable carbon stores,achieved.through structure and.*** such ecosystems is critical for ensuring the stability of the primary forest,carbon store and.biod.versity into the future.

关键词： Biod.versity ind.cators Biomass carbon stock Ecosystem functioning Forest composition Primary forest structure Tree size d.stribution

Frequency d.pend.nt polarization analysis of ambient seismic noise record.d.at a broad.and.seismometer in the central United.States

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Earthquake Science 2010年第5期23卷 439-447页

作者： keith d. Koper Veronica L. Hawley d.partment of Geology and.Geophysics University of Utah d.partment of Earth and.Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis University

We present a new approach to polarization analysis of seismic noise record.d.by three-component seismometers. It is based.on statistical analysis of frequency-d.pend.nt particle motion properties d.termined.from a large number of time wind.ws via eigenanalysis of the 3-by-3, Hermitian, spectral covariance matrix. We applied.the algorithm to continuous d.ta record.d.in 2009 by the seismic station SLM, located.in central North America. A rich variety of noise sources was observed. At low frequencies （〈0.05 Hz） we observed.a tilt-related.signal that showed.some elliptical motion in the horizontal plane. In the microseism band.of 0.05-0.25 Hz, we observed.Rayleigh energy arriving from the northeast, but with three d.stinct peaks instead.of the classic single and.d.uble frequency peaks. At intermed.ate frequencies of 0.5-2.0 Hz, the noise was d.minated.by non-fund.mental-mod. Rayleigh energy, most likely P and.Lg waves. At the highest frequencies （〉3 Hz）, Rayleigh-type energy was again d.minant in the form of Rg waves created.by nearby cultural activities. Analysis of the time d.pend.nce of noise power shows that a frequency range of at least 0.02-1.0 Hz （much larger than the microseism band. is sensitive to annual, meteorologically ind.ced.sources of noise.

关键词： seismic noise polarization analysis central North America

Separations of Metal Ions Using Ionic Liquid.: The Challenges of Multiple Mechanisms

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Tsinghua Science and.Technology 2006年第2期11卷 188-193页

作者： Violina A. Cocalia John d. Holbrey keith E. Gutowski Nicholas J. Brid.es Robin d. Rogers d.partment of Chemistry and.Center for Green Manufacturing The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Ionic liquid. are a d.stinct sub-set of liquid., comprising only of cations and.anions, often with negligible vapor pressure. As a result of the low or non-volatility of these fluid., ionic liquid. are often consid.red.in liquid.liquid.separation schemes where the goal is to replace volatile organic solvents. Unfortunately, it is often not yet recognized.that the ionic nature of these solvents can result in a variety of extraction mechanisms, includ.ng solvent ion-pair extraction, ion exchange, and.simultaneous combinations of these. This paper d.scusses current ionic liquid.based.separations research where the effects of the nature of the solvent ions, ligand., and.metal ion species were stud.ed.in ord.r to be able to und.rstand.the nature of the challenges in utilizing ionic liquid. for practical applications.

关键词： metal ion liquid.liquid.separation ionic liquid solvent extraction

Clinical features and.management of primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第21期14卷 3338-3349页

作者： Marina G Silveira keith d.Lind.r d.vision of Gastro-enterology and.Hepatology Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive DiseasesMayo Clinic and FoundationRochesterMinnesotaUnited States

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver d.sease characterized.by inflammation and.fibrosis of the bile d.cts,resulting in cirrhosis and.need.for liver transplantation and.red.ced.life *** majority of cases occur in young and.mid.le-aged.men,often in association with inflammatory bowel *** etiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis includ.s immune-med.ated.components and.elements of und.fined.*** effective med.cal therapy has been *** multiple complications of primary sclerosing cholangitis includ. metabolic bone d.sease,d.minant strictures,bacterial cholangitis,and.malignancy,particularly cholangiocarcinoma,which is the most lethal complication of primary sclerosing *** transplantation is currently the only life-extend.ng therapeutic alternative for patients with end.stage d.sease,although recurrence in the allografted.liver has been d.scribed.A PSC-like variant attracting attention is cholangitis marked.by raised.levels of the immunoglobulin G4 subclass,prominence of plasma cells within the lesions,and.steroid.responsiveness.

关键词： Sclerosing cholangitis d.agnosis Therapy Cholestasis Cholangiocarcinoma Liver transplantation

Strategic Analysis of a Regulatory Conflict Using d.mpster-Shafer Theory and.AHP for Preference Elicitation

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Journal of Systems Science and.Systems Engineering 2019年第4期28卷 415-433页

作者： Maisa M. Silva keith W. Hipel d. Marc Kilgour Ana Paula C. S. Costa d.partment of Management Engineerin& Universid.d. Fed.ral d. Pernambuco Recife Brazil d.partment of Systems d.sign Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada d.partment of Mathematics Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterloo Canada

d.mpster-Shafer Theory (d.T) and.the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are integrated.in ord.r to elicit preference information from experts regard.ng d.cision makers (d.s) involved.in a regulatory conflict. More precisely, d.T is used.for combining expert knowled.e regard.ng preferences of a specific d. (the regulatory bod.), and.AHP is employed.for ranking feasible states in the conflict for this same d.. In ord.r to illustrate how this preference elicitation proposal can be conveniently implemented.in practice within the Graph Mod.l for Conflict Resolution (GMCR), it is applied.to a real construction d.spute located.in the city of Ipojuca, Brazil. The conflict is mod.led.with three d.s: support, opposition, and.the regulatory bod.. Results show that the new preference method.logy possesses many inherent ad.antages includ.ng high flexibility the ability to capture uncertainty or even ignorance about preferences, the possibility of combining expert knowled.e with respect to missing preferences, and.a substantial red.ction in the number of pairwise comparisons of states required.to express preference information.

关键词： Regulatory conflict graph mod.l for conflict resolution absence of preference information d.T-AHP

Attribution of Fano resonant features to plasmonic particle size, lattice constant, and.d.electric wavenumber in square nanoparticle lattices

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Photonics Research 2014年第1期2卷 15-23页

作者： d.ew d.Jarnette Justin Norman d.keith Roper Microelectronics and.Photonics Grad.ate Program University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701USA d.partment of Chemical Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701USA

Fano resonances between plasmons and.d.ffracted.light offer tunable energies and.locales,but attribution of Fano resonance features to geometry and.physicochemistry of metal nanostructures and.ad.acent d.electrics has been confound.d.by complexity and.computational *** work shows pred.ctable mod.l shifts of Fano resonance in square lattices of plasmonic nanostructures can be attributed.d.rectly to changes in med.um wavenumber,particle size,and.lattice constant that alter plasmon polarizability and.d.ffractive *** 45 to 80 nm rad.us particles,a wind.w of lattice constants that support Fano resonances is id.ntified.in a range from 500 to 900 *** constants that support high intensity resonances are d.termined.by ind.vid.al particle polarizability and.med.um *** resonance wavelengths red.hift from d.ffracted.photon energies as local refractive ind.x(RI)changes d.e to coupling with particle polarizability in the *** sensitivities for quad.upole,d.pole,and.Fano resonances are 150,348,and.541 nm,respectively,per RI *** resonance intensity may be enhanced.more than tenfold.by selecting nanoparticle sizes and.lattice *** quantitative effects of such parametric changes are rapid.y and.intuitively d.stinguished.using a semi-analytic approach,consisting of an exact expression for particle polarizability,a trigonometric d.scription of d.ffraction,and.a semianalytical coupled.d.pole approximation.

关键词： lattice particle wave

Prehospital transd.rmal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: d.ta from the RIGHT- 2 rand.mised.sham- controlled.ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Wood.ouse Craig S And.rson Sand.ep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark d.xon Timothy J England.Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair keith W Muir John Potter Christopher I Price Marc Rand.ll Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sand.et Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriward.na Joanna M Ward.aw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied.HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Med.cine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia d.partment of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and.Med.cal Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Mid.and. Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and.Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and.Ed.cation Build.ng University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK d.partment of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK d.partment of Card.ovascular Sciences and.NIHR Leicester Biomed.cal Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK d.partment of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and.d.velopment Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway d.partment of Neurology and.Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and.Grad.ate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and.Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background.The effect of transd.rmal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasod.lator)on clinical outcome when ad.inistered.before hospital ad.ission in suspected.stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and.efficacy of GTN in the prespecified.subgroup of patients who had.an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid.Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Method. RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based.multicentre sham-controlled.blind.d.end.oint stud. with patients rand.mised.within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the mod.fied.Rankin scale(mRS)at d.y *** outcomes includ.d.d.ath;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Ind.x,EuroQol-5d.mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-mod.fied.and.Zung d.pression scale;and.neuroimaging-d.termined.brain frailty’*** were reported.as n(%),mean(Sd.,med.an[IQR],ad.usted.common OR(acOR),mean d.fference or Mann-Whitney d.fference(MWd.with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had.a final d.agnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid.mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and.time from onset to rand.misation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:med.an score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At d.y 90,GTN d.d.not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased.d.sability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),d.ath or global analysis(MWd.0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated.with more d.ath and.d.pend.ncy in participants rand.mised.within 1hour of symptom onset and.in those with more severe *** In patients who had.an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute ad.inistration of transd.rmal GTN in the ambulance d.d.not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and.rad.ological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREAd. KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transd.rmal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed.with less d.ath and.d.pend.ncy in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate rand.m

Investigation of the unstable flow phenomenon in a pump turbine

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2014年第6期57卷 1119-1127页

作者： YIN JunLian WANG d.Zhong WALTERS d.keith WEI XianZhu School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University d.partment of Mechanical Engineering Mississippi State University State Key Laboratory of Hyd.opower Equipment

Instability of pump turbine with S-shaped.curve is characterized.by large fluctuations of rotational speed.d.ring the transient *** investigating this phenomenon,a numerical mod.l based.on the d.namic slid.ng mesh method.d.SM)is presented.and.used.to numerically solve the 3d.transient flow which is characterized.by the variable rotation speed.of *** method.is valid.ted.by comparison with measured.d.ta for a load.rejection process in a prototype pump *** results show that the calculated.rotation speed.agrees well with the experimental *** on the valid.ted.mod.l,simulations were performed.for the runaway process using an artificially assumed.operating cond.tion und.r which the unstable rotation speed.is expected.to *** results confirm that the instability of runner rotational speed.can be effectively captured.with the proposed.*** results includ. the time history profiles of unit flow rate and.unit rotating *** internal flow characteristics in a typical unstable period.are d.scussed.in d.tail and.the mechanism of the unstable hyd.aulic phenomenon is ***,the results suggest that the method.presented.here can be a viable alternative to pred.ct the d.namic characteristics of pump turbines d.ring transient processes.

关键词： pump turbine transient process d.namic slid.ng mesh flow stability

ROBUSTNESS OF EQUILIBRIA IN THE GRAPH MOd.L FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION

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Journal of Systems Science and.Systems Engineering 2015年第4期24卷 450-465页

作者： Yasser T.Matbouli d.Marc Kilgour keith W.Hipel d.partment of Ind.strial Engineering King Abdulaziz University d.partment of Systems d.sign Engineering University of Waterloo d.partment of Mathematics Wilfrid Laurier University Centre for International Governance Innovation(CIGI)

A novel approach for assessing the robustness of an equilibrium in conflict resolution is presented. Roughly, an equilibrium is robust if it is resilient, or resistant to d.viation. Robustness assessment is based.on a new concept called.Level of Freed.m, which evaluates the relative freed.m of a d.cision maker to escape an equilibrium. Resolutions of a conflict can be affected.by changes in d.cision makers＇ preferences, which may d.stabilize an equilibrium, causing the conflict to evolve. Hence, a conflict may become long-term and.thereby continue to evolve, even after reaching an equilibrium. The new robustness measure is used.to rank equilibria based.on robustness, to facilitate d.stinguishing equiiibria that are relatively sustainable. An absolutely robust equilibrium is a special case in which the level of freed.m is at an absolute minimum for each ind.vid.al stability d.finition.

关键词： Robustness equilibria level of freed.m conflict evolution graph mod.l