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国外医药（抗生素分册） 1992年第3期13卷 200-201,204页

作者： baldwin d R 张荣富

确立预测抗微生物剂临床功效的方法,是以涉及血清或血浆浓度体外活性的比较为基础的。测定感染潜在部位抗微生物浓度技术的发展,业已提供可改善药效预测准确度的资料。

关键词：头孢菌素肺穿透性 Cefpirome

Effects of improved fallow with Sesbania sesban on maize productivity and Striga hermonthica infestation in Western Kenya

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第3期21卷 379-386,400页

作者： Hans Sjogren keith d Shepherd Anders Karlsson department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)

Striga hermonthica is a major constraint to smallholder sub-sistence agriculture production in the sub-Saharan African region. Low soil fertility and overall environmental degradation has contributed to the build-up of the parasitic weed infestation. Improved cropping systems have to be introduced to address the interrelated problems of S. her-monthica and soil fertility decline. Thus, the effects of improved fallow with leguminous shrub Sesbania sesban on maize yields and levels of S. hermonthica infestation on farm land in the bimodal highlands of western Kenya were investigated. The experimental treatments were arranged in a phased entry, and randomized complete block scheme were six months Sesbania fallow, 18 months Sesbania fallow, six months natural fallow consisting of regrowth of natural vegetation without cultivation, 18 months natural fallow, continuous maize cropping without fertilizer application, and continuous maize cropping with P and N fertilization. Results show that Sesbania fallows significantly （p0.05） increase maize yield relative to continuous unfertilized maize. S. hermonthica plant populations decrease in continuous maize between the first season （mean = 428 000 ± 63 000 ha-1） and second season （mean=51 000 ± 15 000 ha-1）, presumably in response to good weed management. S. hermonthica seed populations in the soil decrease throughout the duration of the experi-ment in the continuous maize treatments. Short-duration Sesbania fal-lows can provide modest yield improvements relative to continuous unfertilized maize, but short-duration weedy fallows are ineffective. Continuous maize cultivation with good weed control may provide more effective S. hermonthica control than fallowing.

关键词： agroforestry crop yield improved fallow residual effect root parasite soil fertility replenishment

Classifying coke using CT scans and landmark multidimensional scaling

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第1期10卷 160-172页

作者： keith Nesbitt Fayeem Aziz Merrick Mahoney Stephan Chalup Bishnu P.Lamichhane School of Information and Physical Sciences Universityof NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia

One factor that limits development of fundamental research on the infuence of coke microstructure on its strength is the difculty in quantifying the way that microstructure is both classifed and distributed in three *** support such fundamental studies,this study evaluated a novel volumetric approach for classifying small(approx.450μm^(3))blocks of coke microstructure from 3d computed tomography *** automated process for classifying microstructure blocks was *** is based on Landmark Multi-dimensional Scaling and uses the Bhattacharyya metric and k-means *** approach was evaluated using 27 coke samples across a range of coke with diferent properties and reliably identifed 6 ordered class of coke microstructure based on the distribution of voxel intensities associated with structural *** lower class(1–2)subblocks tend to be dominated by pores and thin ***,there is an increase in wall thickness and reduced pore sizes in the higher *** features are also likely to be seen in higher classes(5–6).In general,this approach provides an efcient automated means for identifying the 3d spatial distribution of microstructure in CT scans of coke.

关键词： Coke Microstructure Clustering Classifcation Computer tomography

Shifting Nicotiana attenuata's diurnal rhythm does not alter its resistance to the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第7期58卷 656-668页

作者： Jasmin Herden Stefan Meldau Sang-Gyu Kim Grit Kunert Youngsung Joo lan T.baldwin Meredith C.Schuman department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoell-Strasse 807745 JenaGermany department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoell-Strasse 807745 JenaGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(idiv) DeutscherPlatz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitatsstrasse lOD 78457 KonstanzGermany KWS SAAT AG Grimsehlstrasse 31Postfach 146337555 EinbeckGermany Center for Genome Engineering Institute of Basic ScienceDaejeonKorea

Arabidopsis thaliana plants are less resistant to attack by the generalist lepidopteran herbivore Trichoplusia ni when plants and herbivores are entrained to opposite, versus identical diurnal cycles and tested under constant conditions. This effect is associated with circadian fluctuations in levels of jasmonic acid, the transcription factor MYC2, and glucosinolate contents in leaves. We tested whether a similar effect could be observed in a different plant-herbivore system： the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and its co-evolved specialist herbivore, Manduca sexta. We measured larval growth on plants under both constant and diurnal conditions following identical or opposite entrainment, profiled the metabolome of attacked leaf tissue, quantified specific metabolites known to reduce M. sexta growth, and monitored A/I. sexta feeding activity under all experimental conditions. Entrainment did not consistently affect NI. sexta growth or plant defense induction. However, both were reduced under constant dark conditions,as was M. sexta feeding activity. Our data indicate that the response induced by NI. sexta in N. attenuata is robust to diurnal cues and independent of plant or herbivore entrain- ment. We propose that while the patterns of constitutive or general damage-induced defense may undergo circadian fluctuation, the orchestration of specific induced responses is more complex.

关键词： Circadian clock diurnal rhythm Manduca sexta Nicotiana attenuate plant-herbivore interactions

Numerical Investigation and Uncertainty Analysis of Eastern China's Large-Scale Urbanization Effect on Regional Climate

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第6期35卷 1023-1040页

作者： Jiping QUAN Yongkang XUE Qingyun dUAN Zhenxin LIU keith WOLESON Ye LIU Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China department of Geography University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA department ofAtmospheric&Oceanic Sciences University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering College of Hydrology and Water ResourcesHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO 80307USA

Eastern China has experienced rapid urbanization during the past four decades,and it is necessary to understand the impacts of the urbanization on the regional *** simulations with either regional climate models(RCMs)or general circulation models have produced inconsistent and statistically non-significant urbanization effects on precipitation during the East Asian summer *** the studies with RCMs,reanalysis data were used as the lateral boundary conditions(LBCs)for both urban and non-urban *** the same LBCs may limit the urbanization effect,in this study,the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model nested within the Global Forecast System(GFS),both of which were coupled with an urban canopy model,were used to explore the urbanization effect over eastern *** WRF’s LBCs in the runs with/without urbanization were provided by the corresponding GFS runs with/without *** results showed a significant decrease in precipitation over North China,mainly due to a marked decrease in evaporation and the divergence induced by the reduced latent heating in the mid and upper atmosphere,from the experiment with ***,to the north and south of the large-scale urbanization areas,especially to the south of the Yangtze River,precipitation increased significantly due to largescale urbanization-induced circulation *** the same LBCs for the WRF runs with/without urbanization,the urbanization effects were limited only to urban and nearby areas;no significant change was found to the south of the Yangtze River,since the same LBCs hampered the effects of urbanization on large-scale *** addition,this study demonstrated that the urban fraction may be a key factor that affects the intensity of the urbanization effect within the urban areas.

关键词： urbanization effect regional climate model uncertainty analysis lateral boundary condition urban fraction

Terlipressin versus placebo in living donor liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2022年第1期21卷 76-79页

作者： Paschalis Gavriilidis Ernest Hidalgo Robert P Sutcliffe keith J Roberts department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant surgery Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation Hospital Universitari Vall d’HebronBarcelona 08035Spain

To the Editor:Terlipressin is a long-acting synthetic analogue of vasopressin,demonstrating several potential benefits in the context of living donor liver transplantation(LdLT).during the recipient hepatec-tomy,terlipressin reduces the portal ***,it may mitigate the extent of bowel congestion following portal vein *** decreasing portal hyperperfusion and hypertension,it protects the graft from further injury and improves renal blood flow.

关键词： donor liver Terlipressin

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肺结节

英国医学杂志中文版 2021年第4期24卷 231-237页

作者： I T H Au-Yong W Hamilton J Rawlinson d R baldwin 吴芳(译) 张宏艳(校) department of Radiology Nottingham University HospitalsNottinghamUK University of Exeter Medical School St Luke′s CampusExeter EX12LUUK British Thoracic Oncology Group(advocate steering committee member) NCRI Lung subgroup(consumer)and European Lung Foundation LC Patient advisory groupSandwellUK Respiratory Medicine Nottingham University HospitalsNottinghamUK 中南大学湘雅二医院肿瘤中心解放军总医院第五医学中心肿瘤学部

你需要知道的内容胸部CT检查时常常发现肺结节。大多数肺结节是良性的,少数是早期肺癌。最佳诊断方法可使恶性肺结节得到及时有效的根治并避免对良性肺结节的不必要的干预。应熟悉英国胸科协会(BTS)和Fleischner协会2015年对偶然发现的... 详细信息

你需要知道的内容胸部CT检查时常常发现肺结节。大多数肺结节是良性的,少数是早期肺癌。最佳诊断方法可使恶性肺结节得到及时有效的根治并避免对良性肺结节的不必要的干预。应熟悉英国胸科协会(BTS)和Fleischner协会2015年对偶然发现的肺结节制定的管理指南。另外还有针对肺癌筛查过程中发现的肺结节的管理指南。为方便管理患者,可考虑开展虛拟的肺结节门诊。

关键词：早期肺癌管理指南肺结节肺癌筛查胸部CT检查偶然发现最佳诊断方法胸科

Ponderosa Pine Family Growth Comparisons in the Central Great Plains of Kansas

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Open Journal of Forestry 2011年第2期1卷 27-30页

作者： Wayne A. Geye keith d. Lynch 不详

Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) has been planted widely in the Great Plains. Recommendations based on a 1968 study were to use material from south central South dakota and north central Nebraska. A second test to further delineate seed sources (provenance/families) in this region was established in 1986. This paper reports results for survival, height, diameter, and d2H measurements in Kansas at 15 years. Results identify a wide range of suitable families within the Great Plains region.A majority of the tested sources performed well especially those from central Nebraska. Those sources from eastern Montana and western Nebraska performed poorly where environmental or geographic conditions were the poorest, thus verifying the original recommendations.

关键词： Ponderosa Pine Pinus Ponderosa Provenance Seed Sources Tree Selection Growth Characteristics.

Recent Near-surface Temperature Trends in the Antarctic Peninsula from Observed,Reanalysis and Regional Climate Model data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第5期37卷 477-493页

作者： deniz BOZKURT david HBROMWICH Jorge CARRASCO keith MHINES Juan Carlos MAUREIRA and Roberto RONdANELLI department of Meteorology University of ValparaísoValparaíso 2340000Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research(CR)2 Santiago 8320000Chile Polar Meteorology Group Byrd Polar and Climate Research CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Centro de Investigacion GAIA Antártica Universidad de MagallanesPunta Arenas 6200000Chile Center for Mathematical Modeling(CMM) University of ChileSantiago 8320000Chile department of Geophysics University of ChileSantiago 8320000Chile

This study investigates the recent near-surface temperature trends over the Antarctic *** make use of available surface observations,ECMWF’s ERA5 and its predecessor ERA-Interim,as well as numerical simulations,allowing us to contrast different data *** use hindcast simulations performed with Polar-WRF over the Antarctic Peninsula on a nested domain configuration at 45 km(PWRF-45)and 15 km(PWRF-15)spatial resolutions for the period 1991?*** addition,we include hindcast simulations of KNMI-RACMO21P obtained from the CORdEX-Antarctica domain(~50 km)for further *** show that there is a marked windward warming trend except during *** windward warming trend is particularly notable in the autumn season and likely to be associated with the recent deepening of the Amundsen/Bellingshausen Sea low and warm advection towards the Antarctic *** the other hand,an overall summer cooling is characterized by the strengthening of the Weddell Sea low as well as an anticyclonic trend over the Amundsen Sea accompanied by northward *** persistent cooling trend observed at the Larsen Ice Shelf station is not captured by ERA-Interim,whereas hindcast simulations indicate that there is a clear pattern of windward warming and leeward ***,larger temporal correlations and lower differences exhibited by PWRF-15 illustrate the existence of the added value in the higher spatial resolution simulation.

关键词： dynamical downscaling cloud computing added value reanalysis Amundsen/Bellingshausen Sea Weddell Sea temperature trend

A deep convolutional neural network for real-time full profile analysis of big powder diffraction data

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 671-679页

作者： Hongyang dong keith T.Butler dorota Matras Stephen W.T.Price Yaroslav Odarchenko Rahul Khatry Andrew Thompson Vesna Middelkoop Simon d.M.Jacques Andrew M.Beale Antonis Vamvakeros department of Chemistry University College London20 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AJUnited Kingdom SciML Scientific Computer DivisionSTFCRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell OX110QXUnited Kingdom Finden Limited Merchant House5 East St Helens StreetAbingdon OX145EGUnited Kingdom National Physical Laboratory Hampton RoadTeddington TW110LWUnited Kingdom Flemish Institute for Technological Research VITO NVBoeretang 200Mol 2400Belgium Research Complex at Harwell Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX110FA OxfordshireUnited Kingdom Present address:diamond Light Source Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOxfordshire OX110DEUnited Kingdom Present address:The Faraday Institution Quad OneHarwell Science and Innovation CampusOX110RA OxfordshireUnited Kingdom

We present Parameter Quantification Network(PQ-Net),a regression deep convolutional neural network providing quantitative analysis of powder X-ray diffraction patterns from multi-phase *** network is tested against simulated and experimental datasets of increasing complexity with the last one being an X-ray diffraction computed tomography dataset of a multi-phase Ni-Pd/CeO_(2)-ZrO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalytic material system consisting of ca.20,000 diffraction *** is shown that the network predicts accurate scale factor,lattice parameter and crystallite size maps for all phases,which are comparable to those obtained through full profile analysis using the Rietveld method,also providing a reliable uncertainty measure on the *** main advantage of PQNet is its ability to yield these results orders of magnitude faster showing its potential as a tool for real-time diffraction data analysis during in situ/operando experiments.

关键词： network powder analysis