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Regulation of Ti(C,N)deposition on hot surface of refractory in blast furnace hearth

Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1423-1435页

作者： Jian Cao Cui Wang Jjan-liang Zhang ke-xin jiao Guo-hua Zhang State key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Ti(C,N)concentration was found to be lower on the hearth sidewall of a blast furnace and increased gradually toward the bottom of the blast *** Ti(C,N)protective layer in a blast furnace is ***,the formation of a Ti(C,N)protective layer was promoted by studying the heterogeneous nucleation principle of titanium compounds on different substances and regulation measures for the deposition process of titanium compounds on refractories or *** lattice disregistry between the titanium compounds and the main components in the refractory or the main impurities in the protective layer was calculated using a two-dimensional disregistry equation to study the heterogeneous nucleation principle of titanium *** results revealed that in refractory materials,the heterogeneous nucleation of carbonitride is weak when C,SiO_(2),and Al_(2)O_(3) are used as heterogeneous nucleation substrates,and the heterogeneous nucleation of carbonitride is strong when TiO_(2) and SiC are used as heterogeneous nucleation *** nucleation phases,TiC,TiN,Ti(C_(0.3),N_(0.7)),and Ti(C_(0.5),N_(0.5))have similar heterogeneous nucleation ability in single component refractory,and the type of carbonitride has little effect on the lattice *** impurities in the protective layer as the substrate phases are not conducive to the heterogeneous nucleation of *** CaS was used as the substrate phase,the heterogeneous nucleation ability of carbonitride was the *** carbon and alumina were not conducive to the heterogeneous nucleation of carbonitride,but carbon was more unfavourable than alumina.

关键词： Ti(C,N) Lattice disregistry Lattice constant Heterogeneous nucleation Regulation measure

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Smelting practice of scrap addition in blast furnace and theoretical analysis of cost saving

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2020年第9期27卷 1005-1010页

作者： Yong Deng Jian-liang Zhang Ran Liu ke-xin jiao Bing-ji Yan Institute for Metallurgical Engineering and Technology North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210HebeiChina College of Metallurgy and Energy Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy TechnologyNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210HebeiChina School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Iron and Steel Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215137JiangsuChina

The recycling of scrap has attracted more attention in recent years,and scrap can be used as iron-bearing material to smelt hot *** smelting practice of blast furnace(BF)with scrap addition in China was investigated,with the types of scrap being small pieces of scrap,such as crushed materials,light and thin materials,and small compacts which were easy to be added into *** higher productivity of BFs with scrap addition was observed compared with that of BFs without scrap addition at the same volume,and the positive correlation between production increase rate and addition amount of scrap was *** reducing agent rate of most BFs with scrap addition was lower than the average reducing agent rate at the same volume,while the gas utilization of BFs with scrap addition would not be reduced *** theoretical analysis of cost saving was carried out as well,and the results indicated that the cost could be saved by scrap *** melting and carburizing were the two main processes of scrap in BF,in which three steps were involved in the melting process of *** amount of carburization depended on the carbon content of hot metal in hearth and the original carbon content in *** calculation showed that the coke rate could be reduced by 27 kg with 100 kg scrap addition per ton of hot metal,and the saving cost was decided by the amount of scrap and the actual situation of BF.

关键词： Blast furnace Scrap addition Smelting practice Cost saving

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Formation mechanism of the protective layer in a blast furnace hearth

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第10期22卷 1017-1024页

作者： ke-xin jiao Jian-liang Zhang Zheng-jian Liu Meng Xu Feng Liu School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing State key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Shougang Research Institute of Technology

A variety of techniques, such as chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, were applied to characterize the adhesion protective layer formed below the blast furnace taphole level when a certain amount of titanium-bearing burden was used. Samples of the protective layer were extracted to identify the chemical composition, phase assemblage, andistribution. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of the protective layer was determined after clarifying the source of each componenFinally, a technical strategy was proposed for achieving a stable protective layer in the hearth. The results show that the protective layemainly exists in a bilayer form in the sidewall, namely, a titanium-bearing layer and a graphite layer. Both the layers contain the slag phaswhose major crystalline phase is magnesium melilite（Ca2Mg Si2O7） and the main source of the slag phase is coke ash. It is clearly determinethat solid particles such as graphite, Ti（C,N） and Mg Al2O4play an important role in the formation of the protective layer, and the key factofor promoting the formation of a stable protective layer is reasonable control of the evolution behavior of coke.

关键词： blast furnaces hearths protective layers electroch

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Effect of Al2O3 on the viscosity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3 slags

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第5期28卷 797-803页

作者： Chen-yang Xu Cui Wang Ren-ze Xu Jian-liang Zhang ke-xin jiao School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

We investigated the effect of Al2O3 content on the viscosity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-8wt%MgO-1wt%Cr2O3(mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 1.0,and Al2O3 content is 17wt%-29wt%)*** results show that the viscosity of the slag increases gradually with increases in the Al2O3 content in the range of 17wt%to 29wt%due to the role of Al2O3 as a network former in the polymerization of the aluminosilicate structure of the *** increases in the Al2O3 content from 17wt%to 29wt%,the apparent activation energy of the slags also increases from 180.85 to 210.23 kJ/mol,which is consistent with the variation in the critical *** Fourier-transform infrared spectra indicate that the degree of polymerization of this slag is increased by the addition of *** application of Iida’s model for predicting the slag viscosity in the presence of Cr2O3 indicates that the calculated viscosity values fit well with the measured values when both the temperature and Al2O3 content are at relatively low levels,i.e.,the temperature range of 1673 to 1803 K and the Al2O3 content range of 17wt%-29wt%in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-8wt%MgO-1wt%Cr2O3 slag.

关键词： slag viscosity high aluminium oxide apparent activation energy structure viscosity prediction

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Cooling phenomena in blast furnace hearth

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2018年第10期25卷 1010-1016页

作者： ke-xin jiao Jian-liang Zhang Zheng-jian Liu Yong Deng Chun-lin Chen School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China CSIRO Mineral Resources Clayton South VIC 3169 Australia State key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Cooling water provides the best protection for refractory in the blast furnace hearth. Stable and suitable water quality and abundant cooling water are the basis for long service life of the hearth. Some phenomena about cooling system in the commercial blast furnaces were described, and reasonable explanations of these phenomena were analyzed. The results show that increasing the amount of cooling water and reducing the inlet temperature of cooling water can increase the cooling effect significantly in the case of water scaling. Heat flux in the blast furnace hearth is the average heat flux of cooling stave, and the erosion of carbon brick is uneven. There is no direct connection between the actual erosion condition and the heat flux in the hearth. The change trend of thermocouple temperature and heat flux in the hearth can reflect whether the gaps exist among the bricks or not, providing an effective guidance for industrial production and the evaluation of safety state in the hearth. And, the film boiling will not occur in the normal cooling system in the blast furnace hearth.

关键词： Blast furnace hearth Cooling system Heat flux - Film boiling - Scale deposit Air gap

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Reduction kinetics of iron oxide pellets with H_2 and CO mixtures

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第7期22卷 688-696页

作者： Hai-bin Zuo Cong Wang Jie-ji Dong ke-xin jiao Run-sheng Xu State key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology of Beijing School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology of Beijing

Reduction of hematite pellets using H2-CO mixtures with a wide range of H2/CO by molar （1：0, 3：1, 1：1, 1：3, and 0：1） at different reducing temperatures （1073, 1173, and 1273 K） was conducted in a program reducing furnace. Based on an unreacted core model, the effective diffusion coefficient and reaction rate constant in several cases were determined, and then the rate-control step and transition were analyzed. In the results, the effective diffusion coefficient and reaction rate constant increase with the rise in temperature or hydrogen content. Reduction of iron oxide pellets using an H2-CO mixture is a compound control system; the reaction rate is dominated by chemical reaction at the very beginning, competition during the reduction process subsequently, and internal gas diffusion at the end. At low hydrogen content, increasing temperature takes the transition point of the rate-control step to a high reduction degree, but at high hydrogen content, the effect of temperature on the transition point weakens.

关键词： iron oxide pellets reduction kinetics kinetics models hydrogen carbon monoxide

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Formation mechanism of the graphite-rich protective layer in blast furnace hearths

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第1期23卷 16-24页

作者： ke-xin jiao Jian-liang Zhang Zheng-jian Liu Feng Liu Li-sheng Liang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China State key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. Shanghai 200941 China

A long campaign life of blast furnaces is heavily linked to the existence of a protective layer in their hearths. In this work, we conducted dissection studies and investigated damage in blast furnace hearths to estimate the formation mechanism of the protective layer. The results illustrate that a significant amount of graphite phase was trapped within the hearth protective layer. Furthermore, on the basis of the thermodynamic and kinetic calculations of the graphite precipitation process, a precipitation potential index related to the formation of the graphite-rich protective layer was proposed to characterize the formation ability of this layer. We determined that, under normal operating conditions, the precipitation of graphite phase ~om hot metal was thermodynamically possible. Among elements that exist in hot metal, C, Si, and P favor graphite precipitation, whereas Mn and Cr inhibit this process. Moreover, at the same hot-face temperature, an increase of carbon concentration in hot metal can shorten the precipitation time. Finally, the results suggest that measures such as reducing the hot-face tem- perature and increasing the degree of carbon saturation in hot metal are critically important to improve the precipitation potential index.

关键词： blast furnaces hearths graphite protective layers formation mechanisms

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A new technology for treating waste incineration fly ash by shaft furnace

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第7期28卷 773-784页

作者： Cui Wang Long-zhi Chen Zheng-jian Liu Yang Li Yao-zu Wang ke-xin jiao State key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

At present,lots of municipal solid wastes(MSWs)are treated by incineration technology,which produces a large amount of fly ash that needs to be treated innocuously.A new method of using metallurgical shaft furnace to treat the MSW fly ash was thus proposed,and some research was done for this ***,the basic physical properties of MSW fly ash were analyzed,and then,the briquetting experiment and melting treatment of MSW fly ash were *** the process of briquet-ting,the influence of different factors(water content,cement content,forming pressure and curing time)on the compressive strength of the briquettes was *** results showed that with the increase in water content,cement content,forming pressure and curing time,the compressive strength of the briquettes increased ***,the compressive strength of the briquettes showed a downward trend when these values exceeded a specific *** the melting experiment,it was found that some heavy metals(such as Cr,Be and Ba)could be solidified in the slag when the fly ash was treated at 1450℃ for 50 min,and the leaching toxicity of heavy metals was lower than the landfill standard of waste in *** the same time,the decomposition rate of dioxins in fly ash reached 99.66%after melting treatment.

关键词： Fly ash Shaft furnace Compressive strength Melting treatment Heavy metal Dioxin

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Behavior of liquid passing through deadman:influence of slag/iron ratio and unburned pulverized coal

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第9期28卷 1095-1104页

作者： Lei Zhang Jian-liang Zhang Xiang-yu Hu Zheng-jian Liu Heng-bao Ma ke-xin jiao School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The ability of a blast furnace hearth liquid(iron and slag)passing through deadman characterizes the activity of the blast furnace *** explore the influence of various factors on the static holdup rate of liquid in the process of passing through the deadman,a physical transport model of liquid passing through the deadman was firstly ***,a self-designed experimental device was used to simulate the process,and the influences of slag/iron ratios(250–450 kg/t)and unburned coal content(0%–9%)on the static holdup rate were *** experimental results indicate that with the slag/iron ratio increasing,the behavior of liquid passing through the coke packed bed gets much more difficult,and the static holdup rate *** the content of unburned pulverized coal(UPC)increases,the static holdup rate decreases first and then *** is caused by the dual effects of *** the one hand,UPC can promote the carburizing reaction of unsaturated molten iron,thereby improving the fluidity of molten iron and reducing the static holdup *** the other hand,when the content of UPC rises to a certain level,it will be regarded as a kind of solid particle which will increase the liquid viscosity,causing an increase in the static holdup ***,the liquid and coke will present interfacial chemical reactions when the liquid flows through the coke packed *** the Si-containing iron droplets at the slag–coke interface,generated by the reaction of SiO_(2)with C in the coke,can improve the interface wettability by reducing the interface wetting angle and increase the basicity of slag by consuming SiO_(2),thus improving the fluidity of the liquid and reducing the static holdup rate.

关键词： Blast furnace Hearth Liquid holdup Slag/iron ratio Unburned pulverized coal

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Reduction behavior and kinetics of vanadium–titanium sinters under high potential oxygen enriched pulverized coal injection

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第5期24卷 493-503页

作者： Jin-fang Ma Guang-wei Wang Jian-liang Zhang xin-yu Li Zheng-jian Liu ke-xin jiao Jian Guo School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Plans and Operations Department Wanbao Mining Ltd.

In this work, the reduction behavior of vanadium–titanium sinters was studied under five different sets of conditions of pulverized coal injection with oxygen enrichment. The modified random pore model was established to analyze the reduction kinetics. The results show that the reduction rate of sinters was accelerated by an increase of CO and H2contents. Meanwhile, with the increase in CO and H2contents, the increasing range of the medium reduction index (MRE) of sinters decreased. The increasing oxygen enrichment ratio played a diminishing role in improving the reduction behavior of the sinters. The reducing process kinetic parameters were solved using the modified random role model. The results indicated that, with increasing oxygen enrichment, the contents of CO and H2in the reducing gas increased. The reduction activation energy of the sinters decreased to between 20.4 and 23.2 kJ/mol. © 2017, The Author(s).

关键词： Activation energy Coal Injection (oil wells) Kinetic parameters Kinetics Oxygen Pulverized fuel Sintering Titanium Vanadium

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