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Topic highlight on texture and color enhancement imaging in gastrointestinal diseases

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第14期30卷 1934-1940页

作者： Osamu toyoshima Toshihiro Nishizawa Keisuke Hata Department of Gastroenterology Toyoshima Endoscopy ClinicTokyo 157-0066Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International University of Health and WelfareNarita HospitalNarita 286-8520Japan Department of Gastroenterology Nihonbashi Muromachi Mitsui Tower Midtown ClinicTokyo 103-0022Japan

Olympus Corporation developed texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI)as a novel image-enhancing endoscopic *** topic highlights a series of hot-topic articles that investigated the efficacy of TXI for gastrointestinal disease identification in the clinical setting.A randomized controlled trial demonstrated improvements in the colorectal adenoma detection rate(ADR)and the mean number of adenomas per procedure(MAP)of TXI compared with those of white-light imaging(WLI)observation(58.7%vs 42.7%,adjusted relative risk 1.35,95%CI:1.17-1.56;1.36 vs 0.89,adjusted incident risk ratio 1.48,95%CI:1.22-1.80,respectively).A cross-over study also showed that the colorectal MAP and ADR in TXI were higher than those in WLI(1.5 vs 1.0,adjusted odds ratio 1.4,95%CI:1.2-1.6;58.2%vs 46.8%,1.5,1.0-2.3,respectively).A randomized controlled trial demonstrated non-inferiority of TXI to narrow-band imaging in the colorectal mean number of adenomas and sessile serrated lesions per procedure(0.29 vs 0.30,difference for non-inferiority-0.01,95%CI:-0.10 to 0.08).A cohort study found that scoring for ulcerative colitis severity using TXI could predict relapse of ulcerative colitis.A cross-sectional study found that TXI improved the gastric cancer detection rate compared to WLI(0.71%vs 0.29%).A cross-sectional study revealed that the sensitivity and accuracy for active Helicobacter pylori gastritis in TXI were higher than those of WLI(69.2%vs 52.5%and 85.3%vs 78.7%,res-pectively).In conclusion,TXI can improve gastrointestinal lesion detection and qualitative ***,further studies on the efficacy of TXI in clinical practice are required.

关键词： Endoscopy Texture and color enhancement imaging White-light imaging Narrow-band imaging Colorectal neoplasm Gastric cancer Adenoma Ulcerative colitis Helicobacter infections Colonoscopy

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Cytosolic chaperonin CCT possesses GTPase activity

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2011年第3期1卷 123-130页

作者： Susumu Noguchi kazuyoshi toyoshima Soh Yamamoto Toshio Miyazaki Michiro Otaka Sumio Watanabe Katsunori Imai Haruki Senoo Ryoji Kobayashi Mitsutoshi Jikei Yasushi Kawata Hiroshi Kubota Hideaki Itoh 不详

Cytosolic chaperonin CCT (also known as TRiC) is a hetero-oligomeric cage-like molecular chaperone that assists in protein folding by ATPase cycle-dependent conformational changes. However, role of the nucleo-tide binding and hydrolysis in CCT-assisted protein folding is still poorly understood. We purified CCT by using ATP-Sepharose and other columns, and found that CCT possesses ability to hydrolyze GTP, with an activity level very similar to the ATPase activity. CCT was more resistant to proteinase K treatment in the presence of GTP or ATP. These results suggest that the GTPase activity of CCT may play a role in chaperone-assisted protein folding.

关键词： Chaperonin Molecular Chaperone Protein Folding Gtp

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Kyoto classification of gastritis:Advances and future perspectives in endoscopic diagnosis of gastritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第43期28卷 6078-6089页

作者： Osamu toyoshima Toshihiro Nishizawa Department of Gastroenterology Toyoshima Endoscopy ClinicTokyo 157-0066Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International University of Medicine and WelfareNarita 286-8520Japan

This editorial provides an update of the recent evidence on the endoscopy-based Kyoto classification of gastritis,clarifying the shortcomings of the Kyoto classification,and providing prospects for future research,with particular focus on the histological subtypes of gastric cancer(GC)and Helicobacter pylori(***)infection *** total Kyoto score is designed to express GC risk on a score ranging from 0 to 8,based on the following five endoscopic findings:Atrophy,intestinal metaplasia(IM),enlarged folds(EF),nodularity,and diffuse redness(DR).The total Kyoto score reflects *** status as follows:0,≥2,and≥4 indicate a normal stomach,***-infected gastritis,and gastritis at risk for GC,*** arrangement of collecting venules(RAC)predicts noninfection;EF,nodularity,and DR predict current infection;map-like redness(MLR)predicts past infection;and atrophy and IM predict current or past ***,IM,and EF all increase the incidence of ***-infected *** is a specific risk factor for ***-eradicated GC,while RAC results in less ***-type GC can be induced by active inflammation,which presents as EF,nodularity,and atrophy on endoscopy,as well as neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltration on *** contrast,intestinal-type GC develops via atrophy and IM,and is consistent between endoscopy and ***,this GC risk-scoring design needs to be improved.

关键词： Kyoto classification Gastritis Endoscopy Gastric cancer Histology Helicobacter pylori

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Gastric cancer incidence based on endoscopic Kyoto classification of gastritis

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世界胃肠病学杂志:英文版 2023年第31期29卷 4763-4773页

作者： Osamu toyoshima Toshihiro Nishizawa Shuntaro Yoshida Tatsuya Matsuno Gota Fujisawa Akira toyoshima Hirotoshi Ebinuma Mitsuhiro Fujishiro Yutaka Saito Hidekazu Suzuki Department of Gastroenterology Toyoshima Endoscopy ClinicTokyo 157-0066Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International University of Health and WelfareNarita HospitalNarita 286-8520Japan Department of Colorectal Surgery Japanese Red Cross Medical CenterTokyo 150-8935Japan Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Division of Endoscopy National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineTokai University School of MedicineIsehara 259-1193Japan

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)incidence based on the endoscopic Kyoto classification of gastritis has not been systematically investigated using time-to-event *** To examine GC incidence in an endoscopic surveillance *** This study was retrospectively conducted at the toyoshima Endoscopy *** who underwent two or more esophagogastroduodenoscopies were *** incidence was based on Kyoto classification scores,such as atrophy,intestinal metaplasia(IM),enlarged folds(EFs),nodularity,diffuse redness(DR),and total Kyoto *** ratios(HRs)adjusted for age and sex were calculated using a Cox hazard *** A total of 6718 patients were enrolled(median age 54.0 years;men 44.2%).During the follow-up period(max 5.02 years;median 2.56 years),GC developed in 34 *** average frequency of GCs per year was 0.19%.Kyoto atrophy scores 1[HR with score 0 as reference:3.66,95%confidence interval(CI):1.06 to 12.61],2(11.60,3.82-35.27),IM score 2(9.92,4.37-22.54),EF score 1(4.03,1.63-9.96),DR scores 1(6.22,2.65-14.56),and 2(10.01,3.73-26.86)were associated with GC incidence,whereas nodularity scores were *** total Kyoto scores of 4(HR with total Kyoto scores 0-1 as reference:6.23,95%CI:1.93 to 20.13,P=0.002)and 5-8(16.45,6.29-43.03,P<0.001)were more likely to develop GC,whereas the total Kyoto scores 2-3 were *** HR of the total Kyoto score for developing GC per 1 rank was 1.75(95%CI:1.46 to 2.09,P<0.001).CONCLUSION A high total Kyoto score(≥4)was associated with GC *** endoscopy-based diagnosis of gastritis can stratify GC risk.

关键词： Gastric cancer Gastritis Endoscopy Atrophy Intestinal metaplasia Kyoto classification

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Epithelial Cell Apoptosis and Lung Remodeling

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2007年第6期4卷 419-429页

作者： kazuyoshi Kuwano Division of Respiratory Diseases Department of Internal MedicineJikeiUniversity School of Medicine

Lung epithelium is the primary site of lung damage in various lung diseases. Epithelial cell apoptosis has been considered to be initial event in various lung diseases. Apoptosis signaling is classically composed of two principle pathways. One is a direct pathway from death receptor ligation to caspase cascade activation and cell death. The other pathway triggered by stresses such as drugs, radiation, infectious agents and reactive oxygen species is mediated by mitochondria. Endoplasmic reticulum has also been shown to be the organeile to mediate apoptosis. Epithelial cell death is followed by remodeling processes, which consist of epithelial and fibroblast activation, cytokine production, activation of coagulation pathway, neoangiogenesis, re-epithelialization and fibrosis. Epithelial and mesenchymai interaction plays important roles in these processes. Further understanding of apoptosis signaling and its regulation by novel strategies may lead to effective treatments against various lung diseases. We review the recent advances in the understanding of apoptosis signaling and discuss the involvement of apoptosis in lung remodeling. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.

关键词： apoptosis lung injury pulmonary fibrosis COPD remodeling

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Personalized immunotherapy in cancer precision medicine

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2021年第4期18卷 955-965页

作者： Kazuma Kiyotani Yujiro toyoshima Yusuke Nakamura Project for Immunogenomics Cancer Precision Medicine CenterJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyo 135-8550Japan

With the significant advances in cancer genomics using next-generation sequencing technologies,genomic and molecular profilingbased precision medicine is used as a part of routine clinical test for guiding and selecting the most appropriate treatments for individual cancer *** many molecular-targeted therapies for a number of actionable genomic alterations have been developed,the clinical application of such information is still limited to a small proportion of cancer *** this review,we summarize the current status of personalized drug selection based on genomic and molecular profiling and highlight the challenges how we can further utilize the individual genomic *** immunotherapies,including immune checkpoint inhibitors,would be one of the potential approaches to apply the results of genomic sequencing most *** cancer-specific antigens derived from somatic mutations,the so-called neoantigens,occurring in individual cancers have been in focus *** immunotherapies,which target neoantigens,could lead to a precise treatment for cancer patients,despite the challenge in accurately predicting neoantigens that can induce cytotoxic T cells in individual *** prediction of neoantigens should accelerate the development of personalized immunotherapy including cancer vaccines and T-cell receptor-engineered T-cell therapy for a broader range of cancer patients.

关键词： Personalized medicine cancer precision medicine neoantigen personalized immunotherapy immune checkpoint blockade cancer vaccine adoptive T cell therapy

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Numerical Simulation of Deflecting Flow in a Symmetric Enlarged Channel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2007年第4期16卷 353-359页

作者： HiroyukiYOSHIKAWA MizueMUNEKATA HidekiOHBA kazuyoshi ICHINOMIYA Department of Mechanical System Engineering Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiKumamoto860-8555 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiKumamoto860-8555 Japan

在有突然的扩大的一条矩形的隧道的三维的分开的流动和热转移的数字结果在这份报纸被介绍。海军司烧和精力方程的数字模拟用有限差别方法被执行。三维的计算的结果与二维的相比，并且在流动之上的隧道的方面比率的效果被显示出。转变从... 详细信息

在有突然的扩大的一条矩形的隧道的三维的分开的流动和热转移的数字结果在这份报纸被介绍。海军司烧和精力方程的数字模拟用有限差别方法被执行。三维的计算的结果与二维的相比，并且在流动之上的隧道的方面比率的效果被显示出。转变从对不对称的流动对称作为增加方面比率出现在更低的雷纳兹数字。在二面下游的墙上的二个不同分开的流动区域的本地热转移特征的细节被澄清。流动和热二维数转移几乎为考虑的方面比率消失。

关键词：偏转流对称性空隙热传输热学

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Hierarchically porous monoliths based on low-valence transition metal (Cu, Co, Mn) oxides:gelation and phase separation

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National Science Review 2020年第11期7卷 1656-1666页

作者： Xuanming Lu kazuyoshi Kanamori Kazuki Nakanishi Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences Kyoto University Institute for Advanced StudyKyoto University Division aof Materials Research Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya University

Hierarchically porous monoliths based on copper (Cu), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) oxides with three-dimensionally (3D) interconnected macropores and open nanopores were prepared using metal bromides as precursors via a sol–gel process accompanied by phase separation. The difficulty of gelation for low-valence metal cation was overcome by introducing a highly electronegative Br atom near to the metal atom to control the rates of hydrolysis and polycondensation. The 3D interconnected macropores were obtained using appropriate polymers to induce phase separation. The domain sizes of macropores and skeletons can be controlled by reaction parameters such as concentration and/or average molecular weight of polymers, and the amount of hydrochloric acid. The crystalline metal oxide monoliths with their 3D interconnected macroporous structure preserved were obtained after heat treatment in air.

关键词： hierarchically porous monolith low-valence transition metal oxide 3D interconnected macropore sol–gel process phase separation

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Uncertainty in solid precipitation and snow depth prediction for Siberia using the Noah and Noah-MP land surface models

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第4期12卷 672-682页

作者： kazuyoshi SUZUKI Milija ZUPANSKI Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Change Research (IACE) Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)Yokohama236-0001Japan Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523-1375USA

In this study, we investigate the uncertainties associated with land surface processes in an ensemble predication context. Specifically, we compare the uncertainties produced by a coupled atmosphere–land modeling system with two different land surface models, the Noah- MP land surface model (LSM) and the Noah LSM, by using the Maximum Likelihood Ensemble Filter (MLEF) data assimilation system as a platform for ensemble prediction. We carried out 24-hour prediction simulations in Siberia with 32 ensemble members beginning at 00:00 UTC on 5 March 2013. We then compared the model prediction uncertainty of snow depth and solid precipitation with observation-based research products and evaluated the standard deviation of the ensemble spread. The prediction skill and ensemble spread exhibited high positive correlation for both LSMs, indicating a realistic uncertainty estimation. The inclusion of a multiple snowlayer model in the Noah-MP LSM was beneficial for reducing the uncertainties of snow depth and snow depth change compared to the Noah LSM, but the uncertainty in daily solid precipitation showed minimal difference between the two LSMs. The impact of LSM choice in reducing temperature uncertainty was limited to surface layers of the atmosphere. In summary, we found that the more sophisticated Noah-MP LSM reduces uncertainties associated with land surface processes compared to the Noah LSM. Thus, using prediction models with improved skill implies improved predictability and greater certainty of prediction.

关键词： ensemble simulation land-atmosphere interaction ensemble spread vertical temperature snow prediction

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Brown slits for colorectal adenoma crypts on conventional magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging using the X1 system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第24期28卷 2748-2757页

作者： Osamu toyoshima Toshihiro Nishizawa Shuntaro Yoshida Hidenobu Watanabe Nariaki Odawara Kosuke Sakitani Toru Arano Hirotoshi Takiyama Hideyuki Kobayashi Hirofumi Kogure Mitsuhiro Fujishiro Department of Gastroenterology Toyoshima Endoscopy ClinicTokyo 157-0066Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International University of Health and WelfareNarita HospitalChiba 286-8520Japan Department of Pathology Pathology and Cytology Laboratory JapanTokyo 166-0003Japan Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Department of Gastroenterology Sakitani Endoscopy ClinicChiba 275-0026Japan Department of Gastroenterology The Fraternity Memorial HospitalTokyo 130-8587Japan Department of Surgical Oncology The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Department of Internal Medicine Umegaoka Ekimae ClinicTokyo 154-0022Japan

BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of colorectal premalignant polyps,including adenomas,is vital in clinical *** To investigate the diagnostic yields of novel findings of brown slits for *** Patients who underwent colonoscopy at the toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic were *** sized≥5 mm suspected of adenomas or clinically significant serrated polyps were included in the *** defined the surface structures of colorectal polyps,which were brown curves inside and along the tubular glands identified using a combination of a new X1 system(Olympus Corporation)and a conventional magnifying colonoscope with non-staining narrow band imaging(NBI),as brown *** brown slits corresponded to slit-like lumens on endocytoscopy and histological crypt openings of an *** evaluated the diagnostic performance of brown slits for *** A total of 108 Lesions from 62 patients were *** average age was 60.4 years and 41.9%were *** mean polyp size was 7.45±2.83 ***-seven lesions were positive for brown *** diagnosis comprised 59 low-grade tubular adenomas,16 sessile serrated lesions,and 33 hyperplastic *** 59 adenomas,56(94.9%)were positive for brown *** 16 sessile serrated lesions,0(0%)was positive for brown *** 33 hyperplastic polyps,1(3.0%)was positive for brown *** sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of brown slits for adenoma were 94.9%,98.0%,and 96.3%,*** positive predictive value and negative predictive value of brown slits for adenoma were also excellent for 98.2%,and 94.1%,*** Brown slits on conventional magnifying endoscopy with non-staining NBI using the X1 system were useful for diagnosing colorectal *** new endoscopy system could be examined using new standards.

关键词： Adenoma Colonoscopy Narrow band imaging Magnifying endoscopy X1 Serrated polyp Colorectal neoplasm Endocytoscopy

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