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Photophysics and electrochemistry relevant to photocatalytic water splitting involved at solid–electrolyte interfaces

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第2期26卷 259-269页

作者： Tatsuya Shinagawa Zhen Cao Luigi Cavallo kazuhiro Takanabe King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) KAUST Catalysis Center and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division(PSE)4700 KAUSTThuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Direct photon to chemical energy conversion using semiconductor–electrocatalyst–electrolyte interfaces has been extensively investigated for more than a half century. Many studies have focused on screening materials for efficient photocatalysis. Photocatalytic efficiency has been improved during this period but is not sufficient for industrial commercialization. Detailed elucidation on the photocatalytic water splitting process leads to consecutive six reaction steps with the fundamental parameters involved: The photocatalysis is initiated involving photophysics derived from various semiconductor properties(1: photon absorption, 2: exciton separation). The generated charge carriers need to be transferred to surfaces effectively utilizing the interfaces(3: carrier diffusion, 4: carrier transport). Consequently, electrocatalysis finishes the process by producing products on the surface(5: catalytic efficiency, 6: mass transfer of reactants and products). Successful photocatalytic water splitting requires the enhancement of efficiency at each stage. Most critically, a fundamental understanding of the interfacial phenomena is highly desired for establishing 'photocatalysis by design' concepts, where the kinetic bottleneck within a process is identified by further improving the specific properties of photocatalytic materials as opposed to blind material screening. Theoretical modeling using the identified quantitative parameters can effectively predict the theoretically attainable photon-conversion yields. This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art theoretical understanding of interfacial problems mainly developed in our *** water splitting(especially hydrogen evolution on metal surfaces) was selected as a topic,and the photophysical and electrochemical processes that occur at semiconductor–metal, semiconductor–electrolyte and metal–electrolyte interfaces are discussed.

关键词： Photocatalysis Interface Water splitting Modeling Electrocatalysis Hydrogen evolution

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Clinical analysis of primary anaplastic carcinoma of the small intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第5期15卷 526-530页

作者： Tsutomu Namikawa kazuhiro Hanazaki Department of Surgery Kochi Medical School Kohasu-Okocho Nankoku-City Kochi 783-8505 Japan

Primary anaplastic carcinoma is a rare variant of small intestinal cancer. Most reports of primary anaplastic carcinoma of the small intestine are isolated case reports, therefore the clinicopathological features, therapeutic management, and surgical outcome of this tumor type remain unclear. This review analyzes the available clinical characteristics of primary anaplastic carcinoma of the small intestine and investigates key differences from differentiated adenocarcinoma of the small intestine. A Medline search was performed using

关键词：肠癌临床癌细胞预后还原成形术

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Clinicopathological features of early gastric cancer with duodenal invasion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第19期15卷 2309-2313页

作者： Tsutomu Namikawa kazuhiro Hanazaki Department of Surgery Kochi Medical SchoolKohasu-OkochoNankoku-CityKochi 783-8505Japan

The incidence of early gastric cancer(EGC) with duodenal invasion is extremely low,although advanced gastric cancer that arises in the antrum occasionally invades the *** investigated the clinicopathological features of EGC with duodenal invasion and provided strategies for clinical management.A Medline search was performed using the keyword "early gastric cancer" and "duodenal invasion".Additional articles were obtained from references within the papers identif ied by the Medline *** revealed that EGC with duodenal invasion was of the superf icial spreading type of *** > 60 mm in size invaded the duodenum more extensively,and the distance of duodenal invasion from the pyloric ring was further in the elevated type than in the depressed type of *** was no signif icant difference between the length of duodenal invasion and the histological type of the *** cancer located adjacent to the pyloric ring,even if cancer invasion was conf ined to the mucosa or submucosa,was more likely to invade the *** present study reveals that the elevated type of EGC is associated with more extensive duodenal invasion when the tumor size is > 60 mm,thus highlighting the importance of identif ication of duodenal invasion in these *** also reveal that suff icient duodenal resection with a cancer-free distal surgical margin should be performed in cases of duodenal invasion.

关键词：十二指肠溃疡临床病理特征早期胃癌入侵十二指肠切除术肿瘤大小组织学类型晚期胃癌

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可见光驱动改性氮化碳无牺牲剂光催化析氢

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第9期43卷 2316-2320页

作者： Shunta Nishioka Kengo Shibata Yugo Miseki kazuhiro Sayama Kazuhiko Maeda 东京工业大学理学院化学系日本国家先进工业科学技术研究所全球零排放研究中心日本

载铂石墨氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))是一种较好的可见光下催化析氢光催化剂.但催化水裂解需要牺牲电子供体,如三乙醇胺等.目前,无牺牲剂条件下g-C_(3)N_(4)的催化析氢仍是一个挑战.本文通过尿素热处理制备了氮化碳纳米片(NS-C_(3)N_(4)),并... 详细信息

载铂石墨氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))是一种较好的可见光下催化析氢光催化剂.但催化水裂解需要牺牲电子供体,如三乙醇胺等.目前,无牺牲剂条件下g-C_(3)N_(4)的催化析氢仍是一个挑战.本文通过尿素热处理制备了氮化碳纳米片(NS-C_(3)N_(4)),并研究了其在可见光(λ>400 nm)下利用可逆电子给体无牺牲剂条件下析氢的光催化活性.在含有I−,Fe^(2+)或[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(4−)的水溶液中,负载铂的NS-C_(3)N_(4)上无H_(2)产生,用CrO_(x)改性Pt/NS-C_(3)N_(4)的光催化剂上可观察到H_(2)的析出.透射电镜和能量色散X射线光谱结果表明,在NS-C_(3)N_(4)上形成了Pt/CrO_(x)核壳结构.在[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3−/4−)氧化还原介质存在下,CrO_(x)/Pt/NS-C_(3)N_(4)与改性WO_(3)光催化剂在可见光下共同催化水分解析氢.

关键词：人工光合成太阳燃料水分解

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Relationship between perioperative glycemic control and postoperative infections

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第33期15卷 4122-4125页

作者： kazuhiro Hanazaki Hiromichi Maeda Takehiro Okabayashi Department of Surgery Kochi Medical SchoolKochi University

Perioperative hyperglycemia in critically ill surgery patients increases the risk of postoperative infection (POI), which is a common, and often costly, surgical complication. Hyperglycemia is associated with abnormalities in leukocyte function, including granulocyte adherence, impaired phagocytosis, delayed chemotaxis, and depressed bactericidal capacity. These leukocyte deficiencies are the cause ofinfection and improve with tight glycemic control, which leads to fewer POIs in critically ill surgical patients. Tight glycemic control, such as intensive insulin therapy, has a risk of hypoglycemia. In addition, the optimal targeted blood glucose range to reduce POI remains unknown. Since 2006, we have investigated tight perioperative blood glucose control using a closed-loop artificial endocrine pancreas system, to reduce POI and to avoid hypoglycemia. In this Topic Highlight, we review the relationship between perioperative glycemic control and POI, including the use of the artificial pancreas.

关键词：围手术期高血糖控制感染内分泌系统 POI 细胞功能杀菌能力

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630-nm red InGaN micro-light-emitting diodes(<20μm×20μm)exceeding 1 mW/mm~2 for full-color micro-displays

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Photonics Research 2021年第9期9卷 1796-1802页

作者： ZHE ZHUANG DAISUKE IIDA MARTIN VELAZQUEZ-RIZO kazuhiro OHKAWA Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering(CEMSE)DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

We demonstrated 10×10 arrays of In Ga N 17μm×17μm micro-light-emitting diodes(μLEDs)with a peak wavelength from 662 to 630 nm at 10–50 A∕cm^(2).The on-wafer external quantum efficiency reached 0.18%at 50 A∕cm^(2).The output power density of the redμLEDs was obtained as 1.76 m W∕mm^(2),which was estimated to be higher than that of 20μm×20μm Al In Ga P redμLEDs(~630 nm).Finally,we demonstrate that In Ga N red/green/blueμLEDs could exhibit a wide color gamut covering 81.3%and 79.1%of the Rec.2020 color space in CIE 1931 and 1976 diagrams,respectively.

关键词： diodes emitting arrays

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Direct ethanol production from rice straw by coculture with two high-performing fungi

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 139-145页

作者： Maki TAKANO kazuhiro HOSHINO Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama 930-8555 Japan

To develop efficient and economical direct ethanol production from fine rice straw crashed mechanically, two high-performing fungi, which can secret hyperactive cellulases and/or ferment effectively various sugars, were selected from some strains belong to Mucor circinelloides preserved in our laboratory. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF） by coculture with these fungi was investigated. The screening of high- performing fungi resulted in the selection of NBRC 4572 as an ethanol-producing fungus and NBRC 5398 as a cellulase-secreting fungus. The strain 4572 produced ethanol aerobically from glucose and xylose in high yields of 0.420 g/g at 36 h and 0.478 g/g at 60 h, respectively, but secreted fairly low cellulases. On the other hand, the strain 5398 also produced ethanol from glucose in yield of 0.340 g/g though it had a little growth in xylose culture. However, it secreted hyperactive cellulases that are essential for hydrolysis of rice straw in culture and the maximum activities of endo-β-glucanase and β-glucosi- dase were 2.11 U/L and 1.47 U/L, respectively. In SSF of rice straw by coculture with two fungi selected, the ethanol production reached 1.28 g/L after 96 h when the inoculation ratio of the strain 5398 to the strain 4572 was 9.

关键词： Mucor circinelloides ethanol production cellulase secretion SSF coculture rice straw

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Exome-wide variation in a diverse barley panel reveals genetic associations with ten agronomic traits in Eastern landraces

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2023年第4期50卷 241-252页

作者： June-Sik Kim Kotaro Takahagi Komaki Inoue Minami Shimizu Yukiko Uehara-Yamaguchi Asaka Kanatani Daisuke Saisho Ryuei Nishii Alexander ELipka Takashi Hirayama kazuhiro Sato Keiichi Mochida Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama 230-0045Japan Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama UniversityKurashiki 710-0046Japan Kihara Institute for Biological Research Yokohama City UniversityYokohama 244-0813Japan Graduate School of Nanobioscience Yokohama City UniversityYokohama 236-0027Japan School of Information and Data Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki 852-8521Japan Department of Crop Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory RIKEN Baton Zone ProgramRIKEN Cluster for ScienceTechnology and Innovation HubYokohama 230-0045Japan

Barley(Hordeum vulgare ***)is one of the first crops to be domesticated and is adapted to a wide range of *** barley germplasm collections possess valuable allelic variations that could further improve barley *** barley genomics has offered a global picture of allelic variation among varieties and its association with various agronomic traits,polymorphisms from East Asian varieties remain *** this study,we analyze exome polymorphisms in a panel of 274 barley varieties collected worldwide,including 137 varieties from East Asian countries and *** reveal the underlying population structure and conduct genome-wide association studies for 10 agronomic ***,we examin genome-wide associations for traits related to grain size such as awn length and glume *** results demonstrate the value of diverse barley germplasm panels containing Eastern varieties,highlighting their distinct genomic signatures relative to Western subpopulations.

关键词： Barley Exome-seq Genome-wide association study(GWAS) Population structure Allelic variation

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Design and Implementation of a Programming Learning Support System Using the Concepts of Physical Visualization and Serious Gaming

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2022年第11期10卷 197-223页

作者： Noriyuki Ishiguro Yusuke Saitoh kazuhiro Yamamoto Hirohide Haga Graduate School of Science and Engineering Doshisha University Kyoto Japan

The purpose of this research is the design and implementation of a support system for learning programming. To archive this purpose, in this article, we propose a Puzzle Programming System that uses jigsaw puzzles as an example of the application of physical visualization, which visualizes logical constraints to physical ones. This Puzzle Programming System aims to teach basic programming concepts by presenting the invisible constraints of programming language syntax using the visual constraints of jigsaw puzzle pieces. This system runs on an Apple iPad and was developed using the Unity game engine. We used YAML as a data format for serializing structured data for data management. By inviting high school students to try out a prototype, we could confirm the usefulness of the Puzzle Programming System. The experimental evaluation results also shed light on aspects of the game that need to be redesigned and parts where the visual programming model needs to be modified and expanded.

关键词： Serious Gaming Augmented Reality Visual Programming Constraint Visualization

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Effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs in a mountainous region in Japan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第4期24卷 747-754页

作者： kazuhiro Aruga Gyo Hiyamizu Chikara Nakahata Masashi Saito Department of Forest Science Faculty of AgricultureUtsunomiya University Frontier Agriscience and Technology Center Faculty of AgricultureShinshu University

We investigated forest road networks and forestry operations before and after mechanization on aggregated forestry operation sites. We developed equations to estimate densities of road networks with average slope angles, operational efficiency of bunching operations with road network density, and average forwarding distances with operation site areas. Subsequently, we analyzed the effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs. Six ha proved to be an appropriate operation site area with minimum operation expenses. The operation site areas of the forest owners＇ cooperative in this region aggregated approximately 6 ha and the cooperative conducted forestry operations on aggregated sites. Therefore, 6 ha would be an appropriate operation site area in this region. Regarding road network density, higher-density road networks increased operational expenses due to the higher direct operational expenses of strip road establishment. Therefore, road network density should be reduced to approximately 200 m.

关键词： aggregating forests establishing forest road networks mechanization operational efficiency costs

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