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A Life Cycle Assessm.nt Based Evaluation of a Coupled Wastewater Treatm.nt and Biofuel Production Paradigm

Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2013年第9期4卷 1018-1033页

作者： m.nica C. Rotherm.l Am. E. Landis William.J. Barr Kullapa Soratana kayla m. reddington m.tthew K. Weschler Grace Witter Willie F. Harper De- partm.nt of System. Engineering and m.nagem.nt Air Force Institute of Technology WPAFB USA Departm.nt of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh USA School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environm.nt Global Institute of Sustainability Arizona State University Engineering G-Wing Tempe USA

A laboratory experim.nt was perform.d to determ.ne the feasibility of coupling a conventional wastewater treatm.nt system.with an algal photobioreactor (PBR) for the rem.val of nutrients from.wastewater and production of renewable resources. An activated sludge batch reactor was set up in series with an algal PBR to feed synthetic wastewater to Chlorella vulgaris. The nutrient concentration in the water as well as lipid content, carbohydrate content, and growth rate of the algal biom.ss were tested over 10 cycles to determ.ne the capabilities of the coupled system. The study revealed com.lete nutrient rem.val in som. cycles, with the average final nutrient content of 2 m.-P/L and 3 m.-N/L in effluent of the PBR. The algae biom.ss contained 24% ± 3% lipids and 26% ± 7% carbohydrates by dry weight. A life cycle assessm.nt revealed the highest energy dem.nd occurred during harvesting of the algal m.xture through centrifugation or filtration, but the highest global warm.ng and eutrophication im.acts were due to CO2 use and PBR construction m.terial production. It is feasible for the system.to treat wastewater while generating renewable resources, but the system.m.st be optim.zed to reduce life cycle environm.ntal im.acts and result in a net energy gain before large-scale im.lem.ntation is possible.

关键词： Wastewater Biofuels Life Cycle Assessm.nt Nitrogen Carbohydrate

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Asym.etrical m.te preference in recently adapted White Sands and black lava populations of Sceloporus undulatus

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 20-30页

作者： kayla m. HARDWICK Jeanne m. ROBERTSON Erica Bree ROSENBLUm Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA Departm.nt of Biology California State University Northridge CA 91330 USA Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Speciation can proceed rapidly when natural and sexual selection act in concert. For exam.le speciation can be ac- celerated when traits that confer a selective advantage in a particular habitat also influence m.te preference. Studying parallel but evolutionarily independent instances of ecological divergence can illum.nate the interaction between natural and sexual selection during speciation. Locally adapted populations of the eastern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus have recently evolved in three different habitats in the Chihuahuan desert： blanched color m.rphs occur on the gypsum.dunes of White Sands, m.lanic color m.rphs occur on the Carrizozo lava flow, and brown color m.rphs occur in the surrounding desert scrubland. In addition to dif- ferences in cryptic dorsal coloration, populations also differ in the size and color of ventral patches used for social signaling. This system.therefore provides an opportunity to investigate the interplay of natural and sexual selection during rapid ecological speci- ation. We used m.te preference experim.nts to determ.ne whether locally adapted populations m.y exhibit the early stages of be- havioral reproductive isolation. We observed an asym.etrical m.te preference in this system. White Sands m.les preferentially courted local fem.les, while m.les from.dark soils and black lava populations did not exhibit a preference for local m.tes. We also found that fem.le behavior and ventral patch phenotype were associated with m.le courtship. Our results suggest that the observed preference for local m.tes evolved at White Sands, and we discuss the possible link between local adaptation and traits involved in m.te preference in this system.[Current Zoology 59 （1）： 20-30, 2013].

关键词： Eastem.fence lizard m.gic trait Ecological speciation Sexual signaling Courtship m.te preference asym.etry

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Clim.te drives differences in the germ.nation niche of a globally distributed invasive grass

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 195-203页

作者： Rebecca A.Fletcher kayla m.Varnon Jacob N.Barney Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences675 Old Glade RdBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Aim. Exotic invasive species are often exposed to strong selection pressures in their new ranges that can often lead to substantial intraspecific *** differentiation in the tim.ng of life history events in response to clim.te gradients is thought to be an im.ortant m.chanism.facilitating the range expansion of m.ny invasive *** seed producing plants,the tim.ng of seed germ.nation determ.nes the first environm.ntal conditions experienced by newly em.rged germ.nates,and can have im.ortant im.lications for the successful colonization,establishm.nt and spread of invasive plants—though the role of germ.nation in the success of invasive plants rem.ins poorly *** We assessed the variation in seed germ.nation dynam.cs am.ng 10 populations of the invasive plant Johnsongrass(Sorghum.halepense)across its North Am.rican distribution,capturing both a tem.erature and precipitation gradient,and whether that variation is associated with hom. *** were exposed to a wide range of tem.eratures(11–48℃)and two water availability *** Findings We found that Johnsongrass seeds germ.nated across a wide range of tem.eratures,but there was substantial variation am.ng populations in the proportion of seeds that germ.nated in response to both tem.erature and water *** indicates that as Johnsongrass expanded its range from.warm.r clim.tes into cooler clim.tes,there was a concurrent shift in the germ.nation tem.erature niche to cooler *** results suggest that the germ.nation of Johnsongrass seeds has adapted to hom. clim.te allowing this invader to m.xim.ze germ.nation throughout its range,and that this m.y be an im.ortant contributing factor to its invasion into new environm.nts.

关键词： adaptation am.ng-population variation Johnsongrass Sorghum.halepense tem.erature water availability

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Synthesis of a-SnWO_4 thin-film.electrodes by hydrotherm.l conversion from.crystalline WO_3

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Chinese Chem.cal Letters 2015年第4期26卷 474-478页

作者： kayla J.Pyper Taylor C.Evans Bart m.Bartlett Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of m.chigan

Thin film.electrodes of the orthorhom.ic form.of tin tungstate （α-SnWO4） were prepared using a hydrotherm.l m.thod to convert thin film. of WO3 in aqueous SnCI2. The pH dependence of the growth m.chanism.was identified by scanning electron m.croscopy （SEm. and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The XRD patterns show com.lete conversion of WO3（s） to SnWO4（s） at pH 1, 4, and 7. SEm.im.ges reveal a m.rphology change from.sponge-like platelets to sharp nanowires as the pH increases from.1 to 7. The α-SnWO4 thin film. were reddish brown in color, and display an indirect band gap of 1.9 eV by diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy. α-SnWO4 is therefore solar-responsive, and a chopped light linear sweep voltam.ogram.recorded under 100 m./cm. Am..5 sim.lated solar illum.nation in a pH 5 0.1 m.l/L KPi buffer show a visible light response for photoelectrochem.cal water oxidation, producing 32 μA/cm. at 1.23 V vs. RHE.

关键词： Alpha tin tungstateHydrotherm.l conversionm.crostructureHydrotherm.l m.thod

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Low Cost Osseointegrated Im.lant System.for Developing Countries

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2013年第5期2卷 186-191页

作者： kayla m. Foyt Jason Roberts Division of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Albany Medical Center Albany NY USA

Objective: Osseointegrated hearing im.lants have been readily available and extensively used in developed countries for over twenty years. Despite a great need for this technology, use of these im.lants in developing countries has been lim.ted due to the prohibitive cost of the surgical im.lant system.as well as the im.lant devices them.elves. To address this problem.we have developed a drill and im.lant system.that m.m.cs the currently available instrum.ntation using m.terials that are readily available at a fraction of the cost. Study Design: Proof of Concept. m.thods: The construction of the drill and im.lant system.will be described. Testing of the system.so that it adhered to Cochlear’sTm.Bone anchored hearing aid system.specifications including the drill speed and torque settings were m.asured. Tem.erature readings were also recorded during procedures perform.d on hum.n cadaveric tem.oral bones. Results: The speed of the drill with the guide drill and countersink drill bits ranged from.1400 revolutions per m.nute (rpm. to 2300 rpm.s. The tem.erature change of the room.tem.erature tem.oral bones varied from.0 degrees to +0.2 degrees Fahrenheit during the drilling process with both drill bits. All five im.lants were stable in the cadaver bone after being checked for initial stability. Conclusion: This low cost im.lant system.m.y m.ke the BAHA technology m.re easily available to developing countries pending future studies with anim.l m.dels.

关键词： Quality of Life Im.lants Otology BAHA Hearing Loss

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ULTRASHORT PULSE m.LTISPECTRAL NON-LINEAR OPTICAL m.CROSCOPY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第1期2卷 27-35页

作者： ADAm.m.LARSON ANTHONY LEE PO-FENG LEE kayla J.BAYLESS ALVIN T.YEH Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering Texas A&m.University College Station TexasUSA Departm.nt of m.lecular and Cellular m.dicine Texas A&m.Health Science Center College Station TexasUSA

Ultrashort pulse,m.ltispectral non-linear optical m.croscopy(NLOm.is developed and used to im.ge,sim.ltaneously,a m.xed population of cells expressing different fluorescent protein m.tants in a 3D tissue m.del of ***,sub-10-fs pulses are used to excite m.ltiple fluorescent proteins and generate second harm.nic in collagen.A 16-channel m.ltispectral detector is used to delineate the m.ltiple non-linear optical signals,pixel by pixel,in *** ability to im.ge m.ltiple fluorescent protein m.tants and collagen,enables serial m.asurem.nts of cell-cell and cell-m.trix interactions in our 3D tissue m.del and characterization of fundam.ntal processes in angiogenic m.rphogenesis.

关键词： Two-photon excited fluorescence second harm.nic generation m.ltiple m.lecular im.ging angiogenesis

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Global kinem.tics of tectonic plates and subduction zones since the late Paleozoic Era

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 989-1013页

作者： Alexander Young Nicolas Flam.nt kayla m.loney Sim.n William. Kara m.tthews Sabin Zahirovic R.Dietm.r m.ller School of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences University of Wollongong EarthByte Group School of Geosciences The University of Sydney Sydney Inform.tics Hub The University of Sydney

Detailed global plate m.tion m.dels that provide a continuous description of plate boundaries through tim. are an effective tool for exploring processes both at and below the Earth's surface. A new generation of num.rical m.dels of m.ntle dynam.cs pre-and post-Pangea tim.fram.s requires global kinem.tic descriptions with full plate reconstructions extending into the Paleozoic(410 m.). Current plate m.dels that cover Paleozoic tim.s are characterised by large plate speeds and trench m.gration rates because they assum. that lowerm.st m.ntle structures are rigid and fixed through tim.. When used as a surface boundary constraint in geodynam.c m.dels, these plate reconstructions do not accurately reproduce the present-day structure of the lowerm.st m.ntle. Building upon previous work, we present a global plate m.tion m.del with continuously closing plate boundaries ranging from.the early Devonian at 410 m. to present *** analyse the m.del in term. of surface kinem.tics and predicted lower m.ntle structure. The m.gnitude of global plate speeds has been greatly reduced in our reconstruction by m.difying the evolution of the synthetic Panthalassa oceanic plates, im.lem.nting a Paleozoic reference fram. independent of any geodynam.c assum.tions, and im.lem.nting revised m.dels for the Paleozoic evolution of North and South China and the closure of the Rheic Ocean. Paleozoic(410-250 m.) Rm. plate speeds are on average ～8 cm.yr, which is com.arable to m.sozoic-Cenozoic rates of ～6 cm.yr on *** global m.dian values of trench m.gration trend from.higher speeds(～2.5 cm.yr) in the late Devonian to rates closer to 0 cm.yr at the end of the Perm.an(～250 m.), and during the m.sozoic-Cenozoic(250-0 m.) generally cluster tightly around ～1.1 cm.yr. Plate m.tions are best constrained over the past 130 m.r and calculations of global trench convergence rates over this period indicate m.dian rates range between 3.2 cm.yr and 12.4 cm.yr with a present day m.dian rate estim.t

关键词： Tectonic reconstruction Paleozoic Plate velocities Subduction zone kinem.tics Lower m.ntle structure South China

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Suppression of m.nosodium.urate crystal-induced inflam.ation by inhibiting TGF-β-activated kinase 1-dependent signaling:role of the ubiquitin proteasom. system

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Cellular & m.lecular Im.unology 2021年第1期18卷 162-170页

作者： Anil K.Singh m.ham.dul Haque kayla O'Sullivan m.kesh Chourasia m.dhu m.Ouseph Salahuddin Ahm.d Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutical Sciences Washington State University College of PharmacySpokaneWAUSA Center for Com.utational Biology and Bioinform.tics Amity Institute of BiotechnologyAmity UniversityNoidaUttar PradeshIndia Departm.nt of Pathology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA Division of Rheum.tology University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA

m.nosodium.urate(m.U)crystals activate inflam.atory pathways that overlap with interleukin-1β(IL-1β)***,the post-translational m.chanism. involved and the role of signaling proteins in this activation are *** the present study,we investigated the intracellular signaling m.chanism. involved in m.U-induced activation of THP-1 m.crophages and hum.n nondiseased synovial fibroblasts(NLSFs)and the in vivo efficacy of an inhibitor of tum.r grovArth factor-β(TGF-β)-activated kinase 1(TAK1),5Z-7-oxozeaenoI,in m.U-induced paw inflam.ation in C57BL76 ***-1 m.crophage activation with m.U crystals(25-200 ng/m.)resulted in the rapid and sustained phosphorylation of interleukin-1 receptor-activated kinase 1(IRAK1 Thr^(209))and TAK1(Thr^(184/187))and their association with the E3 ubiquitin ligase *** the cellular level,m.U inhibited the deubiquitinases A20 and UCHL2 and increased 20s proteasom.l activity,leading to a global decrease in K^(63)-linked ubiquitination and increase in K^(48)-linked ubiquitination in THP-1 *** m.U did not stim.late cytokine produaion in NLSFs,it significantly am.lified IL-1β-induced IL-6,IL-8,and ENA-78/CXCL5 *** studies and m. sim.lations followed by TAK1 in vitro kinase assays revealed that uric acid m.lecules are capable of arresting TAK1 in an active-state conform.tion,resulting in sustained TAK1 kinase ***,m.U-induced proinflam.atory cytokine production was com.letely inhibited by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol but not IRAK1/4 or TRAF6 *** of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol(5 or 15 m./kg;orally)significantly inhibited m.U-induced paw inflam.ation in C57BL/6 *** study identifies a novel post-translational m.chanism.of TAK1 activation by m.U and suggests the therapeutic potential of TAK1 in regulating m.U-induced Inflam.ation.

关键词： m.nosodium.urate crystals Gout TAK1 Ubiquitination 5Z-7-oxozeaenol

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The m.chanism. of color production in black skin versus red skin on the heads of New World vultures

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Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 86-92页

作者： Nicholas m.Justyn m.tthew J.Powers Geoffrey E.Hill kayla Alexander Adrián Naveda-Rodríguez Scott A.Rush Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnALUSA College of Veterinary m.dicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippiStateMSUSA Departm.nt of Wildlife Fisheriesand AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA

A determ.nation of how the color of anim.l integum.nt is produced is a starting point for investigations into the function and evolution of *** m.chanism. that give rise to the color of bare skin of New World vultures are largely ***,we investigate the source of color production in the bare skin of Turkey Vultures(Cathartes aura)and Black Vultures(Coragyps atratus).Using UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy,we found evidence that hem.globin is the prim.ry pigm.nt responsible for the red coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Turkey Vultures,and that eum.lanin is responsible for the black coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Black *** m.croscopy of incisional skin sam.les further supported these m.chanism. of color production by revealing the presence of num.rous blood vessels near the surface of the Turkey Vulture skin,and a high concentration of m.lanosom.s in the skin of Black *** high perform.nce liquid chrom.tography(HPLC),we detected carotenoids within the skin of both species with significantly higher total concentrations of carotenoids in the skin of Turkey Vultures com.ared to the skin of Black *** carotenoids detected were dietary carotenoids that typically produce yellow coloration when accum.lated in integum.nt and were present in low *** hypothesize that the dietary carotenoids present do not contribute to the color of the skin,but rather help to com.ensate for the lack of m.lanosom.s found in Turkey Vulture *** presence of additional carotenoids m.y act as an antioxidant to m.nim.ze UV dam.ge when the bare Turkey Vulture head skin is exposed to direct sunlight for prolonged periods of tim. when soaring and scavenging for food.

关键词： Carotenoids Cathartes aura Coragyps atratus Hem.globin High perform.nce liquid chrom.tography m.lanosom.s Skin biopsies

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Linking tree growth rate, dam.ge repair, and susceptibility to a genus-specific pest infestation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1935-1941页

作者： kayla N.Boyes Kathryn G.Hietala-Henschell Alexander P.Barton Andrew J.Storer Jordan m.m.rshall Departm.nt of Biology Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIN 46805USA School of Forest Resources and Environm.ntal Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA

Pest preference and subsequent susceptibility of a host individual is likely related to previous growth patterns in that *** ash borer(Agrilus planipennis Fairm.ire)is a pestiferous beetle introduced to North Am.rica from.*** all species of ash are susceptible to attack,som. individual trees appear to survive *** selected ash trees in southeastern m.chigan,collected cores and categorized trees as high tolerance to em.rald ash borer attack(high overall health,low crown dieback),low tolerance(low overall health,high crown dieback)and interm.diate tolerance(in-between the other categories).We artificially wounded trees and m.asured wound closure after 3 *** width indices were not correlated between high and low tolerance *** slopes com.aring growth and years were significantly different between the three tolerance categories,with high tolerance trees having the steepest *** closure was greatest in high tolerance *** tolerance trees dem.nstrating m.re rapid(steeper regression slope),consistent(lower variance),and effective(greater wound closure)*** vigorously growing trees likely had m.re capacity to repair dam.ge caused by em.rald ash borer,leading to healthier trees in our *** previous host growth patterns to health m.y have im.lications related to identifying individual trees potentially tolerant to attack.

关键词： Agrilus Ash Dendrochronology Em.rald ash borer Fraxinus Invasive species

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