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Virtual reality systems for rodents

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 109-119页

作者： kay THURLEY AsLl AYAZ Department Biologie II Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen GrolBhaderner StralBe 2 D-82152 Planegg- Martinsried Germany Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich Germany Brain Research Institute University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

Over the last decade virtual reality （VR） setups for rodents have been developed and utilized to in-vestigate the neural foundations of behavior. Such VR systems became very popular since theyallow the use of state-of-the-art techniques to measure neural activity in behaving rodents that can-not be easily used with classical behavior setups. Here, we provide an overview of rodent VR tech-nologies and review recent results from related research. We discuss commonalities and differ-ences as well as merits and issues of different approaches. A special focus is given to experimental（behavioral） paradigms in use. Finally we comment on possible use cases that may further exploitthe potential of VR in rodent research and hence inspire future studies.

关键词： behavioral neuroscience, closed loop, multisensory stimulation, neural coding, sensorimotor integration, spatialnavigation.

A Note on the Signature Representations of the Symmetric Groups

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Algebra Colloquium 2021年第3期28卷 469-478页

作者： kay Jin Lim Jialin Wang Division of Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University SPMS-04-0121 Nanyang LinkSingapore 637371Singapore

For a partition λ and a prime p,we prove a necessary and sufficient condition for there to exist a composition δ such that δ can be obtained from λ after rearrangement and no partial sums of δ are divisible by **... 详细信息

关键词： symmetric group Schur algebra modular Kostka number

A New Progress of the Proterozoic Chronostratigraphical Division

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第4期90卷 1097-1121页

作者： MEI Mingxiang Kyawt kay KHAING School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences

The Precambrian, an informal chronostratigraphical unit, represents the period of Earth history from the start of the Cambrian at ca. 541 Ma back to the formation of the planet at 4567 Ma. It was originally conceptualized as a ＂Cryptozoic Eon＂ that was contrasted with the Phanerozoic Eon from the Cambrian to the Quaternary, which is now known as the Precambrian and can be subdivided into three eons, i.e., the Hadean, the Archean and the Proterozoic. The Precambrian is currently divided chronometrically into convenient boundaries, including for the establishment of the Proterozoic periods that were chosen to reflect large-scale tectonic or sedimentary features （except for the Ediacaran Period）. This chronometric arrangement might represent the second progress on the study of chronostratigraphy of the Precambrian after its separation from the Phanerozoic. Upon further study of the evolutionary history of the Precambrian Earth, applying new geodynamic and geobiological knowledge and information, a revised division of Precambrian time has led to the third conceptual progress on the study of Precambrian chronostratigraphy. In the current scheme, the Proterozoic Eon began at 2500 Ma, which is the approximate time by which most granite-greenstone crust had formed, and can be subdivided into ten periods of typically 200 Ma duration grouped into three eras （except for the Ediacaran Period）. Within this current scheme, the Ediacaran Period was ratified in 2004, the first period-level addition to the geologic time scale in more than a century, an important advancement in stratigraphy. There are two main problems in the current scheme of Proterozoic chrouostratigraphical division：（1） the definition of the Archean-Proterozoic boundary at 2500 Ma, which does not reflect a unique time of synchronous global change in tectonic style and does not correspond with a major change in lithology; （2） the round number subdivision of the Proterozoic into several periods based on broad oroge

关键词： Precambrian Proterozoic Eon chronostratigraphy new progress

Chronic hepatitis B and metabolic risk factors:A call for rigorous longitudinal studies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第3期25卷 282-286页

作者： Wai-kay Seto Department of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital Department of Medicine the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital State Key Laboratory for Liver Research the University of Hong Kong

Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is effective in suppressing viral replication and reducing liver-related complications. However, HBV-related liver events can still occur in different patient sub-groups. There is emerging evidence that, similar to chronic hepatitis C virus infection, metabolic risk factors may play a role in the disease process of chronic HBV. While the mechanistic nature of metabolic-HBV interactions remains uncertain, studies in different HBV-infected populations have demonstrated that hepatic steatosis, increased body-mass index, diabetes, or a combination of different metabolic risk factors are associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. The impact of metabolic risk factors is especially prominent in patients with quiescent virological activity,including on-treatment patients with effective viral suppression. As the proportion of on-treatment chronic HBV patients increases worldwide,longitudinal studies determining the relative risks of different metabolic parameters with respect to clinical outcomes are needed. Future studies should also determine if metabolic-directed interventions can improve disease outcomes in chronic HBV.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Diabetes Obesity Steatosis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Body-mass index

Glycemic targets in critically ill adults: A mini-review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第10期12卷 1719-1730页

作者： kay Choong See Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingapore 119228Singapore

Illness-induced hyperglycemia impairs neutrophil function,increases pro-inflammatory cytokines,inhibits fibrinolysis,and promotes cellular *** turn,these mechanisms lead to pneumonia and surgical site infections,prolonged mechanical ventilation,prolonged hospitalization,and increased *** optimal glucose control,blood glucose measurements need to be done accurately,frequently,and *** choosing glycemic targets,one should keep the glycemic variability<4 mmol/L and avoid targeting a lower limit of blood glucose<4.4 mmol/*** upper limit of blood glucose should be set according to casemix and the quality of glucose control.A lower glycemic target range(i.e.,blood glucose 4.5-7.8 mmol/L)would be favored for patients without diabetes mellitus,with traumatic brain injury,or who are at risk of surgical site *** avoid harm from hypoglycemia,strict adherence to glycemic control protocols and timely glucose measurements are *** contrast,a higher glycemic target range(i.e.,blood glucose 7.8-10 mmol/L)would be favored as a default choice for medical-surgical patients and patients with diabetes *** targets may be modified if technical advances for blood glucose measurement and control can be achieved.

关键词： Brain injuries Traumatic Critical care Diabetes mellitus Glycemic control Insulin infusion systems Sepsis

Metformin-associated lactic acidosis:A mini review of pathophysiology,diagnosis and management in critically ill patients

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第6期15卷 1178-1186页

作者： kay Choong See Department of Medicine National University HospitalSingapore 119228Singapore

Metformin is a common diabetes drug that may reduce lactate clearance by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation,leading to metforminassociated lactic acidosis(MALA).As diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic condition found in critically ill patients,pre-existing metformin use can often be found in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit or the high dependency *** aim of this narrative mini review is therefore to update clinicians about MALA,and to provide a practical approach to its diagnosis and *** in critically ill patients may be suspected in a patient who has received metformin and who has a high anion gap metabolic acidosis,and confirmed when lactate exceeds 5 mmol/*** factors include those that reduce renal elimination of metformin(renal impairment from any cause,histamine-2 receptor antagonists,ribociclib)and excessive alcohol consumption(as ethanol oxidation consumes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides that are also required for lactate metabolism).Treatment of MALA involves immediate cessation of metformin,supportive management,treating other concurrent causes of lactic acidosis like sepsis,and treating any coexisting diabetic *** MALA requires extracorporeal removal of metformin with either intermittent hemodialysis or continuous kidney replacement *** optimal time to restart metformin has not been *** is nonetheless reasonable to first ensure that lactic acidosis has resolved,and then recheck the kidney function post-recovery from critical illness,ensuring that the estimated glomerular filtration rate is 30 mL/min/1.73 m^(2) or better before restarting metformin.

关键词： Acid-base equilibrium Biguanides Oxidative phosphorylation Pyruvic acid Renal replacement therapy

Impact of inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids on glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus:A mini review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第8期14卷 1202-1211页

作者： kay Choong See Department of Medicine National University HospitalSingapore 119228Singapore

Inhaled corticosteroids(ICS)and intranasal corticosteroids(INS)are the mainstays of treatment for chronic respiratory diseases like asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and allergic *** addition,these localized forms of steroid therapy are generally considered to have fewer systemic side effects compared to long-term oral ***,concern and controversy remain over the impact of ICS and INS on the incidence and control of diabetes mellitus(DM).Given the widespread use of ICS and INS,even small individual effects on DM could lead to large consequences for the global *** large observational studies suggest that high dose ICS is associated with increased incident DM and worsened DM control,though the contribution of other risk factors is less *** addition,only two studies were done to investigate the association of INS and DM,with both studies demonstrating a short-term association of INS use with *** more research evaluating the risk of ICS/INS for DM-related adverse events is needed,high doses of ICS/INS should be avoided when *** following strategies for ICS/INS dose minimization can be considered:Use of non-pharmacological measures(trigger avoidance,smoking cessation,vaccination to avoid infection),control of comorbid conditions,use of non-ICS-containing medications,intermittent rather than regular ICS dosing,and appropriate de-escalation of high ICS doses.

关键词： Beclomethasone Budesonide Fluticasone Glucocorticoids Glucose Hyperglycemia

Proximity-dependent protein (de)stabilization: screening the human ORFeome for protein degraders and stabilizers

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第8期9卷 3161-3162页

作者： Thomas Hermanns kay Hofmann Institute for Genetics University of CologneCologneGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Poirson et *** an unbiased screen for proteins that can either bring about-or prevent-the destruction of proteinaceous model substrates in a proximity-dependent *** of such protein degraders and stabilizers will be instrumental in the development of new drug classes that specifically regulate the abundance of their target proteins.

关键词： stabilization stabilizers

Regenerative biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1317-1320页

作者： Simon Guiraud kay E.Davies MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics

Skeletal muscle has an extraordinary capacity to regenerate after injury and trauma. The muscle repair mechanism is a complex process orchestrated by multiple steps. In neuromuscular disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the pathological consequences of the lack of dystrophin and the loss of the dystrophin-associated protein complex are dramatic, with a progressive cascade of events, such as continual influx of inflammation, repeated cycles of degeneration and impaired regeneration. Thus, muscle regeneration is a hallmark of the disease and careful monitoring of regenerative processes with robust markers should provide useful information to the field. Since decades, several indices of regeneration such as centronucleation and fibre size have been commonly used. In the present review, we discuss the impaired regenerative process in DMD, the common and new indices of regeneration and their associated methodologies. We notably highlight the regenerative marker embryonic myosin as a robust indicator of muscle regeneration. We also describe new quantitative methodologies offering the possibility of using a panel of translational regenerative biomarkers to obtain a more complete view of the regeneration processes. Upregulation of utrophin, an autosomal and functional paralogue of dystrophin, is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies as it targets the primary cause of the disease and is applicable to all DMD patients regardless their genetic defects. As utrophin is a regeneration associated protein increased in dystrophic muscle, we discuss the correlation of utrophin levels after drug treatment with regeneration markers. The recent advances in technologies and complementary markers of muscle regeneration described in this review, provide an unprecedented opportunity to develop more robust utrophin DMD based strategies for all DMD patients.

关键词： DMD regeneration biomarkers utrophin embryonic myosin methodologies muscle repair degeneration