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Tracing suspended and bed sediments during high and low water periods using geochemical characteristics-Case study:Vazrood watershed,northern Iran

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 470-483页

作者： KARIMI Nabiyeh GHOLAMI Leila kavian ataollah KHALEDI DARVISHAN Abdulvahed Department of Watershed Management Faculty of Natural ResourcesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySari ***Iran Department of Watershed Management Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoor ***Iran

Complete and comprehensive information about sediment dynamic and identification of hotspots of sediment production and transport are necessary for understanding the erosion processes and increasing the efficiency of soil and water conservation *** studies used the sediment fingerprint techniques to investigate the contribution of different sources in suspended and bed sediment yield of the ***,the contribution of various land use/land covers in suspended and bed sediment yield for the great Caspian Sea basin is in an aura of ambiguity and the present study was conducted to gather information about an important part of this area in northern Iran,where rangelands are located upstream of Hyrcanian forests and dense agricultural lands are located *** surface soil of different land use/land covers including forest,rangeland,agriculture and streambank lands were sampled in 30 *** and bed sediments were sampled in the watershed outlet in two high and low water *** characteristics of soil and sediment samples containing 59 elements were measured using ICP-OES GBC *** reliable and suitable tracers from 59 elements were then selected using Range test,Kruskal-Wallis and Discriminant Function Analysis,respectively,in FingerPro package of R *** results showed that for suspended sediment,streambank and rangeland had the highest contributions of 86.2%and 47.5%,respectively,in two high and low water *** bed sediment,in two high and low water periods,rangeland and streambank had the highest contributions of 73.8%and 84.4%,*** use change and especially human activities such as agriculture,road construction and development of residential areas along the main river riparian zone has led to a significant increase in suspended and bed sediments.

关键词： Caspian Sea basin FingerPro Geochemistry Sediment transport Tracer combination

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Prediction of the soil erosion in a forest and sediment yield from road network through GIS and SEDMODL

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第1期29卷 118-125页

作者： Aidin PARSAKHOO Majid LOTFALIAN ataollah kavian Seyed ataollah HOSSEINI Department of Forestry Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Department of Watershed Management Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Department Forestry Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University University of Tehran

This study was conducted to classify water erosion risk for a deciduous forest and to predict the amount of sediment yield from forest road *** in combination with AHP was used for determining the soil erosion risk degrees of ***,sediment yield from forest roads with gravel and asphalted surfacing was estimated using *** simulator was used in calibration and validation process of *** showed that47.9%of forest soil is classified from moderate to very high vulnerability.32.3%of roads were located in soil erosion risk class of very *** class is generally found in the eastern region of forest,while areas with very low risk are found in the south western part.14.6%of the forest roads were ranked as having very low sediment *** 61 segments out of 339 segments of forest road network delivered sediment to the ravine *** estimated annual sediment yield for all of road sections by SEDMODL and rainfall simulator were 10,935.45 and10,509.29 g m,*** of the calibration and validation process showed that the variation accounted for in the predicted values by SEDMODL with the observed values under rainfall simulation was 3.90%.Best management practices(BMP) must be considered for the areas with high degrees of erosion risk.

关键词： Soil erosion Forest road GIS SEDMODL

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Assessment of soil erodibility and aggregate stability for different parts of a forest road

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 193-200页

作者： Aidin Parsakhoo Majid Lotfalian ataollah kavian Seyed ataollah Hosseini Department of Forestry Faculty of Forest SciencesGorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Associate Professors Department of ForestryFaculty of Natural ResourcesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Assistant Professor Department of Watershed ManagementFaculty of Natural ResourcesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

We measured erodibility and mean weight diameter （MWD） of soil aggregates in different parts of a forest road. Samples of topsoil were collected from cutslope, fillslope, road surface and forest ground to assess the texture, bulk density, moisture, CaCO3 and organic matter. Soil aggregate stability was determined by wet sieving. Soil erodibility on the road surface was 2.3 and 1.3 times higher than on the fillslope and cutslope, respectively. The forest soil had the lowest erodibility. Aggregate stability of cutslope and road surface were low and very low, respectively. There was a significant negative relationship between cutslope erodibility with CaCO3 and sand content. Cutslope erodibility increased with increasing silt, clay and moisture content. On fillslopes, MWD increased with in-creasing rock fragment cover, plant cover, litter cover, organic matter and sand. There was a strong negative correlation between fillslope erodibility and organic matter, sand and MWD. There was no significant difference between erodibility of bare soil and soils beneathRubus hyrcanusL. and Philonotis marchica （Hedw.） Brid.

关键词： road prism soil erodibility aggregate stability wet sieving Lat Talar forest

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Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and soil erosion in field plots

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015年第4期3卷 273-281页

作者： Mohamad Ayob Mohamadi ataollah kavian Department of Watershed Management Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University(SANRU)SariMazandaranIran

Soil erosion processes during a storm are strongly affected by intra-storm variations in rainfall *** storm patterns,each with a different rainfall intensity variation were *** storm patterns were:(1)increasing rainfall intensity(2)increasing then decreasing intensity(3)decreasing intensity(4)decreasing then increasing *** each erosive rainfall(12 events),Runoff and suspended sediment samples were collected in each plot's tank which is located on hillslopes of the basin of *** storm characteristics and soil losses were plotted and equation of the line of best fit were *** of variance(ANOVA)was used to determine response of runoff and soil erosion to storm *** showed that in lower rainfall intensities a linear function fits the relationship between soil loss and rainfall intensity whereas this function tends to be non-linear at higher *** a strong non-linear relationship was found between different quartiles of storm and soil *** analysis revealed significant differences in total runoff,soil loss and sediment concentration across four storm patterns(P<0.001)but no differences in the runoff *** particular,storms with increasing rainfall intensity yielded highest quantities of eroded sediments,total runoff and highest sediment concentrations followed by increasing then decreasing,decreasing then increasing and decreasing intensity,respectively.

关键词： Storm patterns Soil erosion Rainfall intensity Erosion plot

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Effect of storm pattern on soil erosion in damaged rangeland;field rainfall simulation approach

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第3期18卷 706-715页

作者： Leila GHOLAMI Abdulavahed KHALEDI DARVISHAN Veliber SPALEVIC Artemi CERDà ataollah kavian Department of Watershed Management Faculty of Natural ResourcesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University(SANRU)Sari 48181-66996Iran Department of Watershed Management Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoor 46417-76489Iran Department of Geography Faculty of Philosophy of the University of MontenegroNiksic 81400Montenegro Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group Departament de Geografia.Universitat de València.Blasco Ibà?ez 28 Valencia 46010Spain

Raindrop size,rainfall intensity and runoff discharge affect the detachment and transportation of soil *** these three factors,the rainfall intensity seems to be more important because it can change other two *** patterns can be determined by changing the rainfall intensity during the ***,the objective of this research is to test the influence of storm pattern on runoff,soil erosion and sediment concentration on a rangeland soil slope under field rainfall *** storm rainfall intensity patterns were selected for examining the effects of variations in storm event characteristics on soil erosion *** selected storm patterns were:I(45,55 and 70 mm h-1);II(45,70 and 55 mm h-1);III:(70,55 and 45 mm h-1);and IV(55,45 and 70 mm h1).The last pattern is a new one instead of the uniform pattern which has been sufficiently studied in previous *** experiments were conducted in field plots(in Kojour watershed,Mazandaran Province,Iran)with an area of one square meter and an constant slope gradient of 18%,surrounded by galvanised *** the nonuniform prioritization of the storm patterns for the studied variables,time to runoff(I>II>IV>III),runoff volume(III>IV>II>I),sediment concentration(IV>III>I>II)and soil erosion(III>IV>II>I)),it can be generally inferred that each pattern has specific effect on soil erosion processes during a *** results of the general linear model(GLM)test indicated that the effects of storm pattern on time to runoff,total runoff volume,runoff coefficient and soil erosion were significant at a level of 99%.The Duncan test showed that the storm patterns can be divided into three groups of III,IV;II;I(for time to runoff),I,II;IV,III(for runoff coefficient),and I;II;IV,III(for runoff volume and soil erosion).

关键词： Plot scale Runoff coefficient Soil erosion Storm patterns Time to runoff

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Runoff and sediment concentration of different parts of a road in Hyrcanian forests

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Forestry Studies in China 2013年第2期15卷 144-151页

作者： Majid LOTFALIAN Aidin PARSAKHOO ataollah kavian Seyed ataollah HOSSEINI Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySari 737 Iran Department of Forestry Faculty of Forest Science Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversityGorgan 386 Iran Department of Watershed Management Faculty of Natural Resources Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySari 737 Iran

Road prisms, such as cutslopes, fillslopes and road surfaces, can be important contributors of sediment to streams in forested watersheds. In this study rainfall simulations were carried out on cutslopes, fillslopes, road surfaces and forest grounds in hardwood forests of Lolet and Lat Talar, Iran. Water at intensity of 32.4 mm·h-1 was sprayed from a nozzle onto a square area of 0.48 m2. Runoff was collected by water gauge every 4 min and then runoff and sediment parameters were measured in each plot. Results indicated that on road surfaces, the runoff coefficient was 63.28%. On the cutslopes and fillslopes, the runoff coefficients were 35.14% and 10.23%, respectively. On the forest ground as a control, the runoff coefficient was 5.90%. Runoff volume was 2.73 mL·s^-1 on the road surfaces and 1.52 mL·s^-1 on cutslopes. On fillslopes the runoff volume was 0.44 mL·s^-1 and on the forest ground 0.25 mL·s^-1 The greatest rate of soil loss was found on the cutslope （280.79 g·m-2·h-1）. The total soil loss from the cutslopes was two times higher than that from the road surfaces and six times higher than that from the fillslopes. We conclude that cutslopes can be considered the main source of sediments in our study sites, but the function of road surface as a source of runoff generation is more important.

关键词： runoff soil loss road prism rainfall simulation Hyrcanian forest

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Autonomous fault-diagnosis and decision-making algorithm for determining faulty nodes in distributed wireless networks

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016年第9期17卷 885-896页

作者： Adel KHOSRAVI Yousef SEIFI kavian Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

In this paper, we address fault-diagnosis agreement(FDA) problems in distributed wireless networks(DWNs) with arbitrary fallible nodes and healthy access points. We propose a new algorithm to reach an agreement among fault-free members about the faulty ones. The algorithm is designed for fully connected DWN and can also be easily adapted to partially connected networks. Our contribution is to reduce the bit complexity of the Byzantine agreement process by detecting the same list of faulty units in all fault-free members. Therefore, the malicious units can be removed from other consensus processes. Also, each healthy unit detects a local list of malicious units, which results in lower packet transmissions in the network. Our proposed algorithm solves FDA problems in 2t+1 rounds of packet transmissions, and the bit complexity in each wireless node is O(nt+1).

关键词： Fault diagnosis Decision making Byzantine agreement Distributed wireless networks Consensus

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Comments on Asian Stroke Criteria

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Neural Regeneration Research 2009年第11期4卷 958-960页

作者： kavian Ghandehari Department of Neurology Ghaem HospitalFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical Sciences

The Asian Stroke Criteria （ASC） was developed to detect etiology and topography of brain infarction. The ASC was designed by stroke neurologists and approved by the University of Alberta, Canada in 2003. In the first validation step, inter-rater reliability of ASC was evaluated. The inter-rater agreement, according to the ASC system, is much higher than other classifications with moderate inter-observer reliability. In the second validation step, ASC has been used successfully in Khorasan stroke registries.

关键词： stroke infarction classification etiology

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Vulnerable window of yield strength for swelling-driven fracture of phase-transforming battery materials

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1162-1171页

作者： ataollah Mesgarnejad Alain Karma Center for Inter-disciplinary Research on Complex Systems Department of PhysicsNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA

Despite numerous experimental and theoretical investigations of the mechanical behavior of high-capacity Si and Ge Li-ion battery anodes,our basic understanding of swelling-driven fracture in these materials remains *** theoretical studies have provided insights into elasto-plastic deformations caused by large volume change phase transformations,but have not modeled fracture explicitly beyond Griffith’s ***,we use a multi-physics phase-field approach to model self-consistently anisotropic phase transformation,elasto-plastic deformation,and crack initiation and propagation during lithiation of Si *** computational results reveal that fracture occurs within a“vulnerable window”inside the two-dimensional parameter space of yield strength and fracture energy and highlight the importance of taking into account the surface localization of plastic deformation to accurately predict the magnitude of tensile stresses at the onset of *** further demonstrate how the increased robustness of hollow nanopillars can be understood as a direct effect of anode geometry on the size of this vulnerable *** insights provide an improved theoretical basis for designing next-generation mechanically stable phasetransforming battery materials undergoing large volume changes.

关键词： fracture strength deformation

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Investigation of ex-vessel core catcher for SBO accident in VVER-1000/V528 containment using MELCOR code

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第4期32卷 92-111页

作者： Farhad Salari ataollah Rabiee Farshad Faghihi Department of Nuclear Engineering School of Mechanical EngineeringShiraz UniversityShiraz 71936-16548Iran Radiation Research Center Shiraz UniversityShirazIran Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Research Center Shiraz University of Medical ScienceShirazIran

To mitigate consequences of core melting,an ex-vessel core catcher is investigated in this *** should be obeyed to cool down the corium caused by core *** corium destroys the reactor containment and causes radioactive materials to be released into the environment if it does not cool down *** is important to build a core catcher system for the reception,localization,and cool down of the molten corium during a severe accident resulting from core *** this study,the role of a core catcher in the VVER-1000/v528 reactor containment during a station black out(SBO)accident is evaluated using the MELCOR1.8.6 *** addition,parametric analyses of the SBO for(i)SBO accidents with emergency core cooling system(ECCS)operation,and(ii)without ECCS operation are ***,thermal–hydraulic analyses in dry and wet cavities with/without water are *** investigations include the reduction of gases resulting from molten–corium–concrete interactions(H_(2),CO,CO_(2)).Core melting,gas production,and the pressure/temperature in the reactor containment are ***,a full investigation pertaining to gas release(H_(2),CO,CO_(2))and the pressure/temperature of the core catcher is *** on MELCOR simulations,a core cavity and a perimeter water channel are the best options for corium cooling and a lower radionuclide *** simulation is also theoretically investigated and discussed *** simulation results show that the core catcher system in addition to an internal sacrificial material reduces the containment pressure from 689 to 580 kPa and the corresponding temperature from 394 to 380 ***,it is observed that the amount of gases produced,particularly hydrogen,decreased from 1698 to 1235 ***,the presence of supporting systems,including an ECCS with a core catcher,prolonged the core melting time from 16,430 to 28,630 s(in an SBO accident)and significantly decreased the gases produced.

关键词： Core catcher VVER-1000/V528 Containment SBO accident MELCOR Environmental radionuclide release Corium cooling

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