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新东方英语（中学版） 2008年第Z2期 104-105页

作者： katrina l.cassel 人鱼森

"夏日炎炎,知了声声……"哇,太热了,先到小卖铺挑支冰棒凉爽一下。喂,那个舔着美味冰棒、神情满足的人,何不来测测你自己是哪种口味的冰棒呢?

关键词：冰棒口味夏日蜜瓜感受学习小组水晶总能小组活动同学

Estimating geographic variation of infection fatality ratios during epidemics

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 634-643页

作者： Joshua ladau Eoin l.Brodie Nicola Falco Ishan Bansal Elijah B.Hoffman Marcin P.Joachimiak Ana M.Mora Angelica M.Walker Haruko M.Wainwright Yulun Wu Mirko Pavicic Daniel Jacobson Matthias Hess James B.Brown katrina Abuabara Departments of Computational Precision Health and Dermatology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94115USA Arva Intelligence Inc.Salt Lake CityUT84101USA Computational Biosciences Group Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Graduate Group in Biostatistics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Biosystems Data Science Environmental Genomics and Systems BiologyLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Environmental Research and Community Health(CERCH) School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMA02139USA Biosciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA University of California DavisCA95616USA Statistics Department University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California Berkeley School of Public Health2121 Berkeley WayBerkeleyCA94720USA

Objectives We aim to estimate geographic variability in total numbers of infections and infection fatality ratios(IFR;the number of deaths caused by an infection per 1,000 infected people)when the availability and quality of data on disease burden are limited during an *** We develop a noncentral hypergeometric framework that accounts for differential probabilities of positive tests and reflects the fact that symptomatic people are more likely to seek *** demonstrate the robustness,accuracy,and precision of this framework,and apply it to the United States(U.S.)COVID-19 pandemic to estimate county-level SARS-CoV-2 *** The estimators for the numbers of infections and IFRs showed high accuracy and precision;for instance,when applied to simulated validation data sets,across counties,Pearson correlation coefficients between estimator means and true values were 0.996 and 0.928,respectively,and they showed strong robustness to model *** the county-level estimators to the real,unsimulated COVID-19 data spanning April 1,2020 to September 30,2020 from across the U.S.,we found that IFRs varied from 0 to 44.69,with a standard deviation of 3.55 and a median of *** The proposed estimation framework can be used to identify geographic variation in IFRs across settings.

关键词： Infection fatality ratio Infection fatality rate Noncentral hypergeometric distribution COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

Alcoholic pancreatitis:lessons from the liver

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第11期16卷 1314-1320页

作者： Dahn l Clemens katrina J Mahan Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center Research Service Veterans Administration Medical Center

The association between alcohol consumption and pancreatitis has been recognized for over 100 years. Despite the fact that this association is well recognized, the mechanisms by which alcohol abuse leads to pancreatic tissue damage are not entirely clear. Alcohol abuse is the major factor associated with pancreatitis in the Western world. Interestingly, although most cases of chronic pancreatitis and many cases of acute pancreatitis are associated with alcohol abuse, only a small percentage of individuals who abuse alcohol develop this disease. This situation is reminiscent of the association between alcohol abuse and the incidence of alcoholic liver disease. The liver and the pancreas are developmentally very closely related. Even though these two organs are quite different, they exhibit a number of general structural and functional similarities. Furthermore, the diseases mediated by alcohol abuse in these organs exhibit some striking similarities. The diseases in both organs are characterized by parenchymal cell damage, activation of stellate cells, aberrant wound healing, and fibrosis. Because of the similarities between the liver and the pancreas, and the alcohol-associated diseases of these organs, we may be able to apply much of the knowledge that we have gained regarding the effects of alcohol on the liver to the pancreas.

关键词： Alcoholic pancreatitis Alcohol metabolism Stellate cells Fibrosis

DOCK8 regulates signal transduction events to control immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第5期14卷 406-411页

作者： Conor J Kearney katrina l Randall Jane Oliaro Immune Defence laboratory Cancer Immunology Division The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre East Melbourne Victoria 3002 Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease The John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia Australian National University Medical School Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2605 Australia

Genetic mutations in the gene encoding DOCK8 cause an autosomal recessive form of hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome （AR-HIES）, referred to as DOCK8 deficiency. DOCK8 deficiency in humans results in the onset of combined immunodeficiency disease （CID）, clinically associated with chronic infections with diverse microbial pathogens, and a predisposition to malignancy. It is now becoming clear that DOCK8 regulates the function of diverse immune cell sub-types, particularly lymphocytes, to drive both innate and adaptive immune responses. Early studies demonstrated that DOCK8 is required for lymphocyte survival, migration and immune synapse formation, which translates to poor pathogen control in the absence of DOCK8. However, more recent advances have pointed to a crucial role for DOCK8 in regulating the signal transduction events that control transcriptional activity, cytokine production and functional polarization of immune cells. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of DOCK8 function, paying particular attention to an emerging role as a signaling intermediate to promote immune responses to diverse external stimuli.

关键词： DOCK8 immunodeficiency lymphocytes NK Cells signal transduction

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哪种学习方式适合你?

新东方英语（中学版） 2008年第3期 52-53页

作者： katrina l. cassel 人鱼森

学习真的让你头痛吗?也许,你只是用错了方法。那么就来测一测,找到你的learning style!

关键词：学习方式视觉学习学习效果适合声音历史事件背景音乐触觉麦克白头痛

Prognostic implications of type 2 myocardial infarctions

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2012年第4期2卷 237-241页

作者： Hazim El-Haddad Elijah Robinson katrina Swett Gretchen l. Wells Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Cardiology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem USA

Purpose: A type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is due to ischemia from increased oxygen demand or decreased supply. It is not an infrequent complication following non-cardiac surgery or in the setting of acute medical illness. The purpose of this study was to determine whether type 2 MIs had a worse prognosis than a type 1 MI. Methods: The hospital database of a large terti-ary-level academic medical center was queried for all patients with a troponin I ≥ 1.6 ng/ml during a one-year period. The outcomes of patients with a type 2 MI were compared to those with a type 1 MI. Results: This retrospective study found that a type 2 MI is more lethal than the usual type 1 MI, particularly among women and the elderly. There was no statistical difference in outcomes between those that occurred in the post-operative setting compared to those that occurred in the setting of acute medical illness. Conclusions: Type 2 MIs are common and are associated with increased mortality, as compared with type 1 MIs. To date, no guidelines exist for the management of this type of MI. Further research into underlying mechanisms resulting in type 2 MI as well as potential treatment strategies is needed.

关键词： Type 2 Myocardial Infarction Postoperative Myocardial Infarction Troponin Sepsis

土壤水可用性田间测定界限值与实验室测定值特征的比较

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地理译报 1990年第3期9卷 37-44页

作者： l.F.Ratliff J.T.Ritchie D.K.cassel 冷疏影

土壤选择过程为了围绕广泛分布的土壤结构、物理、化学性质建立数据库,所有符合某一标准的发表的、未发表的数字都被采集、总结、表格化。这篇文献回顾是根据250个研究人员的调查写成的,这250人正引导着包括不同作物下土壤水含量的田间... 详细信息

土壤选择过程为了围绕广泛分布的土壤结构、物理、化学性质建立数据库,所有符合某一标准的发表的、未发表的数字都被采集、总结、表格化。这篇文献回顾是根据250个研究人员的调查写成的,这250人正引导着包括不同作物下土壤水含量的田间测定在内的研究工作。在文献研究期间,调查表被送到参加上述研究工作的研究人员那里,同时也送到州和联邦研究所研究土壤物理、土壤水分控制的专家手中。调查表设计成能够统一符合下述研究标准的格式:①生长在所研究范围内的土壤上的作物已经经受了严重的水分亏缺;②在经受水分亏缺期间,通过根系层的土壤水含量已经阶段性地测量过;③水量测定地点能够精确定位。

关键词：土壤水可用性田间实验室测定

Alcoholic pancreatitis:New insights into the pathogenesisand treatment

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2016年第1期7卷 48-58页

作者： Dahn l Clemens katrina J Schneider Christopher K Arkfeld Jaclyn R Grode Mark A Wells Shailender Singh Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198-8098United States Nebraska-Western Iowa VA Heath Care System University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198-8098United States Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198-8098United States

Acute pancreatitis is a necro-inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas that is characterized by inappropriate activation of zymogens, infiltration of the pancreas by inflammatory cells, and destruction of the pancreatic exocrine cells. Acute pancreatitis can progress to a severe life-threatening disease. Currently there is no pharmacotherapy to prevent or treat acute pancreatitis. One of the more common factors associated with acute pancreatitis is alcohol abuse. Although commonly associated with pancreatitis alcohol alone is unable to cause pancreatitis. Instead, it appears that alcohol and its metabolic by-products predispose the pancreas to damage from agents that normally do not cause pancreatitis, or to more severe disease from agents that normally cause mild pancreatic damage. Over the last 10 to 20 years, a tremendous amount of work has defined a number of alcohol-mediated biochemical changes in pancreatic cells. Among these changes are: Sustained levels of intracellular calcium, activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impairment in autophagy, alteration in the activity of transcriptional activators, and colocalization of lysosomal and pancreatic digestive enzymes. Elucidation of these changes has led to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which ethanol predisposes acinar cells to damage. This greater understanding has revealed a number of promising targets for therapeutic intervention. It is hoped that further investigation of these targets will lead to the development of pharmacotherapy that is effective in treating and preventing the progression of acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Alcohol Pancreatitis Alcoholic pancreatitis Ethanol metabolism Acute pancreatitis Fatty acid ethylesters

高生物多样性森林生态系统中的农业生产力和自然保护

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2005年第3期34卷 195-200页

作者： l.J.Gorenflo katrina Brandon 王胜国际自然保护组织应用生物多样性科学中心国际保护组织应用生物多样性科学中心

农业发展是生境破坏的主导因素,而生境破坏则日益威胁着全球的生物多样性。为了更好地了解在具有重要自然保护意义的地区内农业扩张的可能性及影响,本文分析了生物多样性热点区有林部分和热带荒野地区的农业适宜性,尤其是拥有高密度特... 详细信息

农业发展是生境破坏的主导因素,而生境破坏则日益威胁着全球的生物多样性。为了更好地了解在具有重要自然保护意义的地区内农业扩张的可能性及影响,本文分析了生物多样性热点区有林部分和热带荒野地区的农业适宜性,尤其是拥有高密度特有种的区域。本研究运用地理信息系统技术,研究了世界范围内挑选出来的保护区域内6种作物类型的适宜性:这些区域具有高生物多样性,区域内有保护区(如国家公园),保护区周围有10km以林带为主的缓冲区。分析表明,不论是在商业还是在基本生存方案中,大多数作物类型的适宜性都很低,但也有一些例外。在大多数情况下,适当的规划可使农业与生物多样性共存而不相互损害。

关键词：生物多样性农业生产力自然保护森林生态系统地理信息系统技术生境破坏适宜性保护区主导因素

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使用临床流程图鉴别处方瀑布

英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第11期23卷 672-676页

作者： katrina l Piggott Nishila Mehta Camilla l Wong Paula A Rochon 闫雪莲(译) Department of Medicine and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation(IHPME)University of TorontoTorontoCanada Undergraduate Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada Division of Geriatric Medicine St Michael′s HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada Women′s College Research Institute Women′s College HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada 中国医学科学院北京协和医院药剂科

药物的不良反应可能"隐藏"于常见症状中。如1997年Rochon和Gurwitz在The BMJ所阐述,处方瀑布即医务人员将药物不良事件误认为是新出现的医疗状况,而开具新的药物来处理这个不良事件。这个概念已扩展至不必要的诊断性检查、使用医疗设备... 详细信息

药物的不良反应可能"隐藏"于常见症状中。如1997年Rochon和Gurwitz在The BMJ所阐述,处方瀑布即医务人员将药物不良事件误认为是新出现的医疗状况,而开具新的药物来处理这个不良事件。这个概念已扩展至不必要的诊断性检查、使用医疗设备和非处方药治疗等可能使患者暴露于风险和伤害的情况。目前还没有公认的方法来确定某一症状是否由一种药物所致,但是通过核查处方瀑布,临床医师可以减少不必要的药物、检查、会诊和伤害。

关键词：诊断性检查药物不良事件医疗状况临床医师常见症状医疗设备非处方药流程图