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Treatment and prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas is urgently needed

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo Olivia Kamoen Luis-Jorge Amaral Amber Hadermann Chiara Trevisan Mark J.Taylor Julia Gauglitz Achim Hoerauf Yasuaki Sato katja polman Maria-Gloria Basanez Dan Bhwana Thomson Lakwo Gasim Abd-Elfarag Sebastien D.Pion Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LiverpoolUK Department of Computer Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Medical Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Global Humanities and Social Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected TropicalDisease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Health University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan Access for Humanity JubaSouth Sudan French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development MontpellierFrance

Background There is increasing epidemiological evidence supporting the association between onchocerciasis and seizures, reinforcing the concept of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE). The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the new knowledge about OAE and to propose recommendations to the World Health Organization how to address this public health *** text During the 2nd International Workshop on OAE held on 19-21 September, 2023, in Antwerp, Belgium, participants recognised OAE as a substantial yet neglected public health problem, particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa where onchocerciasis remains hyperendemic. Evidence from prospective population-based studies suggest that strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts leads to a significant reduction of OAE incidence. There is a need to validate an OAE case definition to estimate the burden of disease and identify onchocerciasis-endemic areas requiring intensification of onchocerciasis elimination programmes and integration of epilepsy care. It is expected that raising awareness about OAE will boost the population uptake of ivermectin. The implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment programme offering free anti-seizure medications (ASMs) has shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures and improving the overall quality of life of people with *** To reduce OAE burden, enhanced collaboration between onchocerciasis and mental health programmes at community, national, and international levels is required. Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the uninterrupted provision of free ASMs in onchocerciasis-endemic areas. Furthermore, OAE should be included in the quantification of the onchocerciasis disease burden.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Morbidity Burden of disease Prevention Ivermectin Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Treatment Children Policy

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The road towards sustainable control of schistosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo:Pre-assessment of staff performance and material resources in endemic regions

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第4期7卷 275-279页

作者： Sylvie Linsuke Liliane Mpabanzi Sabin Nundu Faustin Mukunda Pascal Lutumba katja polman National Institute of Biomedical Research(INRB) Department of Epidemiology Biomedical Sciences Department Institute of Tropical Medicine National Control Program against Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Parasites(PNLB/PI) Ministry of Health Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Kinshasa

Objective: To improve knowledge and practice of health staff as well as the availability of material resources for diagnosis and management of schistosomiasis in two endemic provinces of DRC(Kinshasa and Bas-Congo).Methods: Structured interviews were performed using questionnaires with staff from 35 healthcare facilities in 9 health zones(HZ) of Kinshasa and 2 HZ in ***: Schistosomiasis was reported to be present in all the included *** staff knew the most important symptoms of schistosomiasis, but advanced symptoms were more accurately reported in *** of symptoms related to schistosomiasis such as anemia(P = 0.0 115) and pollakiuria(P = 0.0 260) was statistically different in both two ***-Katz technique and urine filtration were unavailable in both *** diagnosis was mostly performed using the direct smear *** was available in 70% of the health facilities, all situated in *** and treatment mostly relied on symptoms and cost more in urban area than in ***: Though knowledge on schistosomiasis among health staff appears sufficient, substantial efforts still must be made to improve the availability of diagnostic tools and treatment in the health facilities in DRC.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Control Performance staff and material resources Democratic Republic of Congo

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Capacity gaps in health facilities for case management of intestinal schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Burundi

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 645-653页

作者： Paul Bizimana katja polman Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden Frederic Nsabiyumva Celine Ngenzebuhoro Elvis Muhimpundu Giuseppina Ortu Global Health Institute Department of Epidemiology and Social MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of AntwerpGouverneur KinsbergencentrumDoornstraat 331Wilrijk2610 AntwerpBelgium Departement des Sciences de la SantePublique Direction de la FormationInstitut National de SantePubliqueB.P6807 BujumburaBurundi Departement de Medecine Communautaire Facultede Medecine de BujumburaUniversitedu BurundiBujumburaBurundi Medical Helminthology Unit Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Departement de Medecine Interne Facultede Medecine de BujumburaUniversitedu BurundiBujumburaBurundi Departement des Sciences de la SantePublique Institut Universitaire des Sciences de la Santeet de Developpement CommunautaireBujumburaBurundi Programme National Integrede Lutte contre les Maladies Tropicales Negligees et la Cecite Departement des programmes de santeMinistere de la SantePublique et de la Lutte contre le SidaBujumburaBurundi Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Schistosomiasis Control InitiativeImperial CollegeLondonUK

Background:Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis(STH)are endemic diseases in *** control is integrated into health facilities(HF)across the country,but schistosomiasis control is *** present study aimed to assess the capacity of HF for integrating intestinal schistosomiasis case management into their routine *** addition,the current capacity for HF-based STH case management was ***:A random cluster survey was carried out in July 2014,in 65 HF located in Schistosoma mansoni and STH endemic *** were collected by semi-quantitative *** with different functions at the HF were interviewed(managers,care providers,heads of laboratory and pharmacy and data clerks).Data pertaining to knowledge of intestinal schistosomiasis and STH symptoms,human and material resources and availability and costs of diagnostic tests and treatment were ***:Less than half of the 65 care providers mentioned one or more major symptoms of intestinal schistosomiasis(abdominal pain 43.1%,bloody diarrhoea 13.9%and bloody stool 7.7%).Few staff members(15.7%)received higher education,and less than 10%were trained in-job on intestinal schistosomiasis case *** guidelines and laboratory protocols for intestinal schistosomiasis diagnosis and treatment were available in one third of the *** was performed by direct smear *** was not available in any of the *** results for STH were similar,except that major symptoms were more known and cited(abdominal pain 69.2%and diarrhoea 60%).Clinical guidelines were available in 61.5%of HF,and albendazole or mebendazole was available in all ***:The current capacity of HF for intestinal schistosomiasis and STH detection and management is *** was not available for *** issues need to be addressed to create an enabling environment for successful integration of intestinal schistosomiasis and STH case mana

关键词： Capacity gap Health facility Case management Intestinal schistosomiasis Soil-transmitted helminthiasis Burundi

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Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 236-241页

作者： Emily D Kosten Jackson H Atwater James Parsons Albert polman Harry A Atwater Thomas J.Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125 USA Center for Nanophotonics FOM-Institute AMOLFScience Park 1041098XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands

In a conventional flat plate solar cell under direct sunlight,light is received from the solar disk,but is re-emitted *** isotropic emission corresponds to a significant entropy increase in the solar cell,with a corresponding drop in ***,using a detailed balance model,we show that limiting the emission angle of a high-quality GaAs solar cell is a feasible route to achieving power conversion efficiencies above 38%with a single *** highest efficiencies are predicted for a thin,light trapping cell with an ideal back reflector,though the scheme is robust to a non-ideal back *** with a conventional planar cell geometry illustrates that limiting emission angle in a light trapping geometry not only allows for much thinner cells,but also for significantly higher overall efficiencies with an excellent rear ***,we present ray-tracing and detailed balance analysis of two angular coupler designs,show that significant efficiency improvements are possible with these couplers,and demonstrate initial fabrication of one coupler design.

关键词： detailed balance GaAs solar cell light trapping photovoltaics two photon lithography

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强剪切混合机

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流程工业 2005年第3期 34-35页

作者： Krucl-polman

基于市场的需要。Hosokawa公司在1g96年开始着手开发新的具有革命性的高剪切混合机CyclIomix，使其同市场上其它高剪切混合技术相比具有无与比拟的特性。Cyclomix混合机的混合原理是基于将一个高剪切力和强冲击力的有效组合。

关键词：混合机 awa公司混合技术混合原理高剪切革命性 96年冲击力剪切力市场

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双孢蘑菇病虫害的防控措施与技术

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食药用菌 2015年第2期23卷 121-123页

作者： Erik polman 荷兰蘑菇学校Cpoint-DLV Plant

双孢蘑菇的主要病害可以分为细菌性病害,病毒性病害,真菌性病害;虫害有菇蚊、菇蝇、螨虫、线虫等。病虫害的发生与菌种、环境、基质等有关,常见的引发因素有堆肥质量,覆土质量,菌种,环境卫生,以及温、湿、气等环境因子。1双孢蘑菇病虫... 详细信息

双孢蘑菇的主要病害可以分为细菌性病害,病毒性病害,真菌性病害;虫害有菇蚊、菇蝇、螨虫、线虫等。病虫害的发生与菌种、环境、基质等有关,常见的引发因素有堆肥质量,覆土质量,菌种,环境卫生,以及温、湿、气等环境因子。1双孢蘑菇病虫害的防控措施1.1菇房及环境的卫生与消毒保持菇房及其周围环境的清洁卫生是病虫害安全防控的前提与基础;做好菇场及栽培材料的消毒是病虫害安全防控的重要举措。其中包括：栽培结束后的菇房通入蒸汽,

关键词：双孢蘑菇病虫害防控

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Spontaneous and stimulated electron-photon interactions in nanoscale plasmonic near fields

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第5期10卷 867-880页

作者： Matthias Liebtrau Murat Sivis Armin Feisto Hugo Lourenco-Martins Nicolas Pazos-Pérez Ramon A.Alvarez Puebla F.Javier Garcia de Abajo Albert polman Claus Ropers Center for Nanophotonics AMOLF1098 XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands th Physical Institute-Solids and Nanostructures University of GÖttingen37077 GÖttingenGermany Max Plank Institute for Biophysical Chemistry 37077 GottingenGermany Department of Physical Chemistry and EMaS Universitat Rovira i Virgili43007 TarragonaSpain ICREA-Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avangats 08010 BarcelonaSpain ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology08860 Castelldefels(Barcelona)Spain

The interplay between free electrons,light,and matter offers unique prospects for space,time,and energy resolved optical material characterization,structured light generation,and quantum information ***,we study the nanoscale features of spontaneous and stimulated electron–photon interactions mediated by localized surface plasmon resonances at the tips of a gold nanostar using electron energy-loss spectroscopy(EELS),cathodoluminescence spectroscopy(CL),and photon-induced near-field electron microscopy(PINEM).Supported by numerical electromagnetic boundary-element method(BEM)calculations,we show that the different coupling mechanisms probed by EELS,CL,and PINEM feature the same spatial dependence on the electric field distribution of the tip ***,the electron–photon interaction strength is found to vary with the incident electron velocity,as determined by the spatial Fourier transform of the electric near-field component parallel to the electron *** the tightly confined plasmonic tip resonances,our calculations suggest an optimum coupling velocity at electron energies as low as a few *** results are discussed in the context of more complex geometries supporting multiple modes with spatial and spectral *** provide fundamental insights into spontaneous and stimulated electron-light-matter interactions with key implications for research on(quantum)coherent optical phenomena at the nanoscale.

关键词： photon quantum coupling

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噪声引起的听力损失和前庭障碍

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心理科学进展 1983年第3期 42-44页

作者： W.J.Oosterveld A.R.polman 于国丰

听觉刺激不仅影响耳蜗器官也影响前庭器官。以Tullio氏命名的现象,即指施于一耳的声音引起前庭器官的症状:如眼球震颤(可简称眼震)眩晕和体动等。 Tullio氏提出了一种假定,即壸腹嵴不仅具有前庭功能,而且也参与定向听觉过程。另外的一... 详细信息

听觉刺激不仅影响耳蜗器官也影响前庭器官。以Tullio氏命名的现象,即指施于一耳的声音引起前庭器官的症状:如眼球震颤(可简称眼震)眩晕和体动等。 Tullio氏提出了一种假定,即壸腹嵴不仅具有前庭功能,而且也参与定向听觉过程。另外的一些作者证实了Tullio氏的发现,即声音可引起前庭反应。而有的作者发现这种效应同样存在于耳聋病人和耳聋的鸽子。

关键词：听力损失耳蜗生理与心理声学迷路自发性眼震前庭功能解剖学前庭器官噪音噪声障碍

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一项那他珠单抗治疗复发型多发性硬化症的随机、安慰剂对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第8期 2-3页

作者： polman C.H. O'Connor P.W. Havrdova E. 郭俊 VU Med ical C enter P.O. Box 7057 Amsterdam 1007 MB Netherlands Dr.

BACKGROUND: Natalizumab is the first  4 integrin antagonist in a new class of selective adhesion- molecule inhibitors. We report the results of a two- year phase 3 trial of natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. METHODS: Of a total of 942 patients, 627 were randomly assigned to receive natalizumab (at a dose of 300 mg) and 315 to receive placebo by intravenous infusion every four weeks for more than two years. The primary end points were the rate of clinical relapse at one year and the rate of sustained progression of disability, as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale, at two years. RESULTS: Natalizumab reduced the risk of sustained progression of disability by 42 percent over two years (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.77; P< 0.001). The cumulative probability of progression (on the basis of Kaplan- Meier analysis) was 17 percent in the natalizumab group and 29 percent in the placebo group. Natalizumab reduced the rate of clinical relapse at one year by 68 percent (P < 0.001) and led to an 83 percent reduction in the accumulation of new or enlarging hyperintense lesions, as detected by T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), over two years (mean numbers of lesions, 1.9 with natalizumab and 11.0 with placebo; P < 0.001). There were 92 percent fewer lesions (as detected by gadolinium- enhanced MRI) in the natalizumab group than in the placebo group at both one and two years (P < 0.001). The adverse events that were significantly more frequent in the natalizumab group than in the placebo group were fatigue (27 percent vs. 21 percent, P = 0.048) and allergic reaction (9 percent vs. 4 percent, P = 0.012). Hypersensitivity reactions of any kind occurred in 25 patients receiving natalizumab (4 percent), and serious hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 8 patients (1 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Natalizumab reduced the risk of the sustained progression of disability and the rate of clinical relapse in patients

关键词：多发性硬化症那他珠单抗复发型安慰剂空白剂

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借鉴：沃尔玛、宝洁、联合利华从错误中取得经验

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现代广告 2009年第9期 140-140页

作者： Paul polman 联合利华

没有一个解决方案能够全球通用，即使是在同一家公司内。1．营销模式：全球掌舵还是分权地方？大多数全球化的企业在品牌定位和产品开放方面往往是由分管全球各个类别产品的单位指导，但是营销方面的事务则交由各个国家自己处理。是交... 详细信息

没有一个解决方案能够全球通用，即使是在同一家公司内。1．营销模式：全球掌舵还是分权地方？大多数全球化的企业在品牌定位和产品开放方面往往是由分管全球各个类别产品的单位指导，但是营销方面的事务则交由各个国家自己处理。是交由全球管理者统一管辖．还是放权地方的最大区别点在于：谁为盈利和亏损承担责任，以及谁有制定预算的权力。

关键词：联合利华沃尔玛宝洁经验营销模式产品开放品牌定位

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