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Speed vernalization to accelerate generation advance in winter cereal crops

Molecular Plant 2022年第8期15卷 1300-1309页

作者： jin-Kyung Cha kathryn O'Connor Samir Alahmad jong-Hee Lee Eric Dinglasan Hyeonjin Park So-Myeong Lee Dominique Hirsz Soon-Wook Kwon Youngho Kwon Kyeong-Min Kim jong-Min Ko Lee T.Hickey Dongjin Shin Laura E.Dixon National Institute of Crop Science RDAMiryang 50424Korea School of Biology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLDAustralia Department of Plant Bioscience Pusan National UniversityMiryang 60463Korea

There are many challenges facing the development of high-yielding,nutritious crops for future *** limiting factor is generation time,which prolongs research and plant breeding *** advances in speed breeding protocols have dramatically reduced generation time for many short-day and long-day species by optimizing lightand temperature conditions during plant ***,winter crops with a vernalization requirement stillrequire upto 6-10weeks in low-temperature conditions before thetransition to ***,we tested a suite of environmental conditions and protocols to investigate whether the vernalization process can be *** identified a vernalization method consisting of exposing seeds at the soil surface to an extended photoperiod of 22 h day:2 h night at 10°C with transfer to speed breeding conditions that dramatically reduces generation time in both winter wheat(Triticum aestivum)and winter barley(Hordeum vulgare).Implementation of the speedvernalization protocolfollowed byspeedbreedingallowed the completion ofuptofivegenerations per yearforwinter wheat or barley,whereas only two generations can be typically completed under standard vernalization and plant growth *** speed vernalization protocol developed in this study has great potential to accelerate biological research and breeding outcomes for winter crops.

关键词： speed breeding photoperiod temperature wheat barley breeding

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Endophytic bacteria in grass crop growth promotion and biostimulation

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Grass Research 2021年第1期1卷 33-41页

作者： james F.White Xiaoqian Chang kathryn L.Kingsley Qiuwei Zhang Peerapol Chiaranunt April Micci Fernando Velazquez Matthew Elmore Sharron Crane Shanjia Li jiaxin Lu María Carmen Molina Natalia González-Benítez Miguel j.Beltrán-García Kurt P.Kowalski Department of Plant Biology Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew Jersey 08901USA Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew Jersey 08901USA Department of Bioengineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050P.R.China College of Agro-grassland Science Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Department of Biology GeologyApplied Physics and Inorganic ChemistryKing Juan Carlos UniversityMadrid 28032Spain Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences Autonomous University of GuadalajaraGuadalajara 45140Mexico U.S.Geological Survey Great Lakes Science CenterAnn ArborMichigan 48105USA.

Plants naturally carry microbes on seeds and within seeds that may facilitate development and early survival of *** crops have lost seed-vectored microbes in the process of domestication or during seed storage and seed *** microbes from wild plants were used by pre-modern cultures to re-acquire beneficial seed *** some companies have developed or are developing the use of microbes obtained from soils or plant sources to stimulate plant development and *** of these biostimulant microbes are endophytic in *** products also include humic substances,which appear to function as signal molecules in plants,triggering increased internalization of soil microbes into root cells and *** addition,protein coatings on seeds fuel the growth of seed surface-vectored microbes,increasing microbial activity around and within *** this article,we provide evidence of the endophytic nature of many biostimulant microbes,and suggest that many of the beneficial effects of microbial biostimulants stem from their action as endophytes or as participants or stimulants of rhizophagy cycle activity.

关键词： crops soil promotion

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胆碱酯酶抑制剂治疗阿尔茨海默病的疗效预测

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第8期1卷 20-21页

作者： Connelly P.j. Prentice N.P. fowler K.G. 李锐 Departmentof Psychiatry University of Dundee Murray Royal Hospital Muirhall Road Perth PH2 7BH UnitedKingdom

Objective: To investigate the possibility that response to cholinesterase inhi bitor therapy could be predicted by easily measurable variables that are known t o change as a result of treatment (such as the Mini Mental State Examination), m easures of function (such as the instrumental activities of daily living and the social behaviour subscales of the Nurse’s Observation Scale for Geriatric Pati ents), and measures of attention(such as the Digit Symbol Substitution Test; DSS T), or that might influence response through structural (for example, age,cerebr ovascular disease, medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy,hypertension) or chemical (for example, smoking) ***: This was a cohort study of 160 consecu tive outpatients with probable Alzheimer’s disease who commenced cholinestera- se inhibitor treatment over a 3 year period in a semi-rural area of Scotland. Results: The overall response rate was 42.1%.Stratification of response betwee n good and poor responders was possible using baseline DSST and a measure of MTL thickness using CT. Among the patients, 60.4%of those above the cut off point for both DSST and MTL thickness (29/48 subjects)were classified as good responde rs, compared with 6.3%of subjects below the cut off point for both (1/16 subjec ts).Subjects above the cut off point for both measures were morelikely to be cla ssified as good responders than subjects with only one or no values above the re spective cut off points (χ2=10.61, df=1, p=0.001) Conclusions: The DSST and a m easure of MTL thickness derived from CT scanning may be useful in improving the prediction of response to cholinesterase inhibitors in subjects with AD. Subject s with low DSST scores and more severe MTL atrophy are unlikely to respond to tr *** preliminary data justify a prospective trial of the usefulness of our suggested predictive measures.

关键词：阿尔茨海默病胆碱酯酶抑制剂疗效预测认知功能颞叶内侧药物反应脑血管病切割点队列研究参数预测

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澳大利亚绵羊罩衣的研制及利用

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中国养羊 1995年第3期15卷 42-43页

作者： kathryn L.Ford D. j. Cottle 钱春元新南维尔士大学羊毛和动物科学系

羊毛纤维损伤与污染程度直接决定毛纺织产品质量的高低。绵羊罩衣的应用可减少原毛中植物杂质及灰尘的含量。澳大利亚自1930年起开始研制与应用羊罩衣生产优质羊毛。羊罩衣可保护羊毛避免热辐射引起羊毛顶端分化,因寒冷而形成的羊毛纤... 详细信息

羊毛纤维损伤与污染程度直接决定毛纺织产品质量的高低。绵羊罩衣的应用可减少原毛中植物杂质及灰尘的含量。澳大利亚自1930年起开始研制与应用羊罩衣生产优质羊毛。羊罩衣可保护羊毛避免热辐射引起羊毛顶端分化,因寒冷而形成的羊毛纤维结冰后引起的羊毛纤维断裂,同时可防止蚊蝇在潮湿的被毛中繁殖而引起绵羊被毛腐烂,对于增加净毛量,减少被毛中植物杂质及灰尘含量具有直接效果。改进后的羊罩衣可随羊毛生长调节其大小型号。

关键词：羊罩衣羊毛品质植物杂质绵羊澳大利亚

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影响冬小麦锻炼和存活的因素

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麦类作物学报 1984年第4期 22-24页

作者： L.V.Gusta D.B.fowler N.j.Tyler 朱根海

1 引言决定一种植物适应性和分布区域的重要因素之一是它们对低温的忍耐力。它的生存依赖于冷驯化或锻炼过程。冬小麦的冷驯化是在遗传系统的控制下受低温诱导的。这个锻炼过程所需的能量不是来自种子的贮藏物,就是来自光合产物。任何... 详细信息

1 引言决定一种植物适应性和分布区域的重要因素之一是它们对低温的忍耐力。它的生存依赖于冷驯化或锻炼过程。冬小麦的冷驯化是在遗传系统的控制下受低温诱导的。这个锻炼过程所需的能量不是来自种子的贮藏物,就是来自光合产物。任何形式的胁迫,例如含盐量,营

关键词：冬小麦品种低温诱导遗传系统锻炼过程光合产物半致死温度冷驯化抗寒性水分亏缺温度条件

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Catalytic Activity of Alkaline Minerals in the Pyrolytic Conversion of Biomass. Preliminary Results

Catalytic Activity of Alkaline Minerals in the Pyrolytic Con...

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The 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition

作者： Hernández M. Sánchez-Caba j. fowler G.D. Goodman S.j. Pérez-Pariente j. Sastre E. Márquez-álvarez C. San Miguel G.

Biomass pyrolysis oils have poor fuel properties owing to the high concentration of oxygenated species. The catalytic conversion of pyrolysis oils over acid solids has been investigated in numerous papers. This work presents some preliminary results describing the potential of alkaline minerals in the thermal degradation of biomass. Pine wood and oils derived from the thermal degradation of this biomass were initially characterised for their chemical, thermal and fuel properties. Four natural minerals known for their alkaline character and their catalytic activity in the cracking of tars were selected for this investigation including: limestone, dolomite, hydrotalcite and olivine. Silica sand, known for its inert behaviour, and three acid solids（HY and Beta zeolites and Al-MCM-41） known for their catalytic activity in the cracking of petroleum fractions and deoxygenating capacity, were tested in parallel for comparative purposes. The interaction of these materials with pyrolysis oils at low temperatures was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）. The results evidenced that alkaline minerals promoted polymerisation reactions in the pyrolysis oils（addition, esterification and etherification） at temperatures above 175oC with dolomite showing the highest catalytic activity. In contrast, the presence of acid catalysts did not have any notable effect in this aspect. Preliminary results obtained using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry（Py-GC/MS） evidenced the catalytic activity of alkaline minerals in the cracking and deoxygenation of pyrolysis vapours. Although this activity was not as effective as with synthetic acid catalysts, this is likely to be compensated by the lower market price of the former.

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中国高新技术企业的专有技术保护与法律管理(英文)

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电力自动化设备 2006年第12期26卷 96-101页

作者：李世建冯雅各东南大学经济管理学院江苏南京210096 美国商务部中国经济区办公室

专有技术的保护基于专有技术拥有人自身所采取的保护措施,没有保护措施,则没有法律上的权利。从研究有关专有技术保护的理论与规则入手,采用对比方法,以专利法律保护为参照系统分析了专有技术保护的特点;同时,分析了企业在中国经营中保... 详细信息

专有技术的保护基于专有技术拥有人自身所采取的保护措施,没有保护措施,则没有法律上的权利。从研究有关专有技术保护的理论与规则入手,采用对比方法,以专利法律保护为参照系统分析了专有技术保护的特点;同时,分析了企业在中国经营中保护专有技术的理论与规则。创新之处在于提出了高新技术企业应当建立以保护专有技术为目标的法律管理体系的观点,并提出该法律管理体系应当包括:建立并执行企业专有技术保护战略、签署各种技术保密合同、制定激励机制、劳动合同中包含保守商业秘密的义务、物理形态的保护措施以及员工培训等。

关键词：专有技术保护高新技术企业法律管理系统

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森林边界效应引起的固定面积圆形样地的统计偏差

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林业资源管理 1982年第4期 51-56页

作者： fowler G.W. 唐宗桢北京林学院副教授

引言森林特征数,如株数、胸径总和、断面积总和以及蓄积量估测中的边界效应,来源于抽样单元构成的概念性总体。例如,在固定面积的圆形样地抽样中,在一片森林中的每一棵树被一个假想圆环绕,圆心就是树木,假想圆的

关键词：边界效应有偏估计值森林

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数种偶蹄目动物和几种猫科动物的血液学值(表13—14)

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动物学杂志 1988年第3期 50-53页

作者： Murray E.fowler ,张一

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血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂在稳定型冠状动脉疾病中的应用

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 24-25页

作者： Braunwald E. Domanski M. j. fowler S. E. 丁倩 TIMI Study Group Brigham and Women's Hospital 350 Longwood Ave. Boston MA 02115 United States Dr.

BACKGROUND:Angiotensin-converting-enzyme(ACE)-inhibitors are effective in r educing the risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, and death from cardiov ascular causes in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart f ailure. ACE inhibitors have also been shown to reduce atherosclerotic complicati ons in patients who have vascular disease without heart failure. METHODS: In the Prevention of Events with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition(PEACE) Trial , we tested the hypothesis that patients with stable coronary artery disease and normal or slightly reduced left ventricular function derive therapeutic benefit from the addition of ACE inhibitors to modern conventional therapy. The trial w as a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which 8290 patients were random ly assigned to receive either trandolapril at a target dose of 4 mg per day(4158 patients) or matching placebo (4132 patients). RESULTS: The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 64±8 years, the mean blood pressure 133±17/78±10 mm Hg, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction 58±9 percent. The patients received intensive treatment, with 72 percent having previously undergone coronary revas cularization and 70 percent receiving lipid-lowering drugs. The incidence of th e primary end point -death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, o r coronary revascularization -was 21.9 percent in the trandolapril group, as co mpared with 22.5 percent in the placebo group(hazard ratio in the trandolapril group, 0.96; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.06; P=0.43) over a medi an follow-up period of 4.8 years. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with stable coronary heart disease and preserved left ventricular function who are receiving "curre nt standard"therapy and in whom the rate of cardiovascular events is lower than in previous trials of ACE inhibitors in patients with vascular disease, there i s no evidence that the addition of an ACE inhibitor provides further benefit in terms o

关键词：群多普利血管疾病患者心血管事件靶剂量左室功能平均血压左室收缩功能射血分数安慰剂对照中期随访

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