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Heterogeneity across the m.rine sm.ll and large intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15216-15232页

作者： Rowann Bowcutt Ruth Form.n m.ria Glym.naki Sim.n Richard Carding kathryn Jane Else Sheena m.rgaret Cruickshank Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Departm.nt of m.crobiology New York University Gut Health and Food Safety Research Program.e Institute of Food Research and the Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East Anglia

The sm.ll and large intestine of the gastrointestinal tract(GIT) have evolved to have discrete functions with distinct anatom.es and im.une cell *** im.ortance of these differences is underlined when considering that different pathogens have uniquely adapted to live in each region of the ***,different regions of the GIT are also associated with differences in susceptibility to diseases such as cancer and chronic *** large and sm.ll intestine,given their anatom.cal and functional differences,should be seen as two separate im.unological ***,this distinction is often ignored with findings from.one area of the GIT being inappropriately extrapolated to the *** largely on the m.rine sm.ll and large intestine,this review addresses the literature relating to the im.unology and biology of the two sites,drawing com.arisons between them.and clarifying sim.larities and *** also highlight the gaps in our understanding and where further research is needed.

关键词： Large intestine Sm.ll intestine Epithelial Im.une m.crobial

The relationship between anxiety about prostate cancer am.ng patients with biochem.cal cancer recurrence and the use of com.lem.ntary and alternative m.dicines,diet,and exercise

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2017年第2期5卷 139-148页

作者： Richard T.Lee Joshua A.Hem.erich Nancy Kwon kathryn Bylow Walter m.Stadler Supriya G.m.hile William.Dale Departm.nt of m.dicine Case Western Reserve University and University HospitalsClevelandOHUSA Departm.nt of m.dicine University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA Departm.nt of m.dicine Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Departm.nt of m.dicine Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA Departm.nt of m.dicine University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA

Objective:We aim.d to explore associations between anxiety and specific health behaviors such as com.lem.ntary and alternative m.dicine(CAm.,diet,and exercise am.ng prostate cancer ***:PCa patients enrolled in a prospective cohort study of m.n with biochem.cal cancer recurrence were surveyed about use of CAm.diet,and *** was m.asured with the m.m.rial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer(m.X-PC)and the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression ***:Nearly 70%(44 of 67)of the original cohort of patients com.leted the supplem.ntary CAm.*** m.an age was 68 *** percent of respondents reported engaging in a rel-evant health behavior,and 64%reported doing so in direct response to their PCa ***,the m.st prevalent specific behaviors were exercising(56%),m.king dietary changes(50%),taking calcium.supplem.nts(41%),and taking vitam.n D supplem.nts(39%).Elevated baseline PCa-specific anxiety(m.X-PC score>16)after biochem.cal cancer recurrence was associated with use of any CAm.P=0.01),use of herbs/supplem.nts(P=0.01),and dietary changes(P=0.04).Conclusion:PCa patients com.only use CAm.dietary changes,and exercise in response to their diagnosis,and these changes are associated with elevated general and PCa-specific anxiety.

关键词： Prostate cancer com.lem.ntary and alternative m.dicine health behaviors anxiety

Review of the im.act of heat stress on reproductive perform.nce of sheep

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 859-876页

作者： William.H.E.J.van Wettere Karen L.Kind kathryn L.Gatford Alyce m.Swinbourne Stephan T.Leu Peter T.Haym.n Jennifer m.Kelly Alice C.Weaver David O.Kleem.nn Sim.n K.Walker The University of Adelaide School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesDavies Livestock Research CentreRoseworthy CampusMudla Wirra RdRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia The University of Adelaide Robinson Research InstituteAdelaide Medical SchoolNorth TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia The University of Adelaide School of AgricultureFood and WineWaite Research InstituteUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Developm.nt Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAGovernment of South AustraliaClimate ApplicationsWaite Research PrecinctUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Developm.nt Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAReproductive BiologyLivestock SciencesTurretfield Research Centre129 Holland RdRosedaleSouth Australia 5350Australia

Heat stress significantly im.airs reproduction of sheep,and under current clim.tic conditions is a significant risk to the efficiency of the m.at and wool production,with the im.act increasing as global tem.eratures *** from.field studies and studies conducted using environm.ntal cham.ers dem.nstrate the effects of hot tem.eratures(≥32℃)on com.onents of ewe fertility(oestrus,fertilisation,em.ryo survival and lam.ing)are m.st destructive when experienced from.5 d before until 5 d after *** controlled studies also dem.nstrate that ram.fertility,as m.asured by rates of fertilisation and em.ryo survival,is reduced when m.ting occurs during the period 14 to 50 d ***,the contribution of the ram.to heat induced reductions in flock fertility is difficult to determ.ne *** prim.rily on tem.erature controlled studies,it is clear that sustained exposure to high tem.eratures(≥32℃)during pregnancy reduces lam. birthweight and will,therefore,decrease lam. survival under field *** is concluded that both ewe and ram.reproduction is affected by relatively m.dest levels of heat stress(≥32℃)and this is a concern given that a significant proportion of the global sheep population experiences heat stress of this m.gnitude around m.ting and during *** this,strategies to lim.t the im.acts of the clim.te on the hom.otherm.,behaviour,resource use and reproduction of extensively grazed sheep are lim.ted,and there is an urgency to im.rove knowledge and to develop husbandry practices to lim.t these im.acts.

关键词： Fertility Heat stress Oogenesis Pregnancy Sheep Sperm.togenesis

Im.act of initial fluid resuscitation volum. on clinical outcom.s in patientswith heart failure and septic shock

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Journal of Intensive m.dicine 2023年第3期3卷 254-260页

作者： Adam.L.Wiss Bruce A.Doepker Brittany Hoyte Logan m.Olson kathryn A.Disney Eric m.m.Laughlin Vincent Esguerra Jessica L.Elefritz Departm.nt of Pharm.cy Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital WestNashvilleTN 37205USA Departm.nt of Pharm.cy The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Departm.nt of Pharm.cy Corewell HealthGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Departm.nt of Pharm.cy Nebraska MedicineOmahaNE 68105USA Departm.nt of Pharm.cy Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Center for Biostatistics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Division of Pulm.nary AllergyCritical Careand Sleep Medicine.The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Background:Fluid resuscitation is a key treatm.nt for sepsis,but lim.ted data exists in patients with existing heartfailure(HF)and septic *** objective of this study was to determ.ne the im.act of initial fluid resuscitationvolum. on outcom.s in HF patients with reduced or m.ldly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)withseptic ***:This m.lticenter,retrospective,cohort study included patients with known HF(LVEF≤50%)presentingwith septic *** were divided into two groups based on the volum. of fluid resuscitation in the first 6 h;m./kg or≥30 m./*** prim.ry outcom. was a com.osite of in-hospital m.rtality or renal replacem.nttherapy(RRT)within 7 *** outcom.s included acute kidney injury(AKI),initiation of m.chanicalventilation,and length of stay(LOS).All related data were collected and com.ared between the two groups.A generalized logistic m.xed m.del was used to assess the association between fluid groups and the prim.ryoutcom. while adjusting for baseline LVEF,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score,inappropriate em.iric antibiotics,and receipt of ***:One hundred and fifty-four patients were included(93 patients inm./kg group and 61 patientsin≥30 m./kg group).The m.dian weight-based volum. in the first 6 h was 17.7(12.2–23.0)m./kg in them./kg group vs.40.5(34.2–53.1)m./kg in the≥30 m./kg group(Pm.osite of in-hospital m.rtality or RRT between them./kg group com.ared to the≥30 m./kggroup(55.9%vs.45.9%,P=0.25),***m./kg group had a higher incidence of AKI,m.chanicalventilation,and longer hospital ***:In patients with known reduced or m.ldly reduced LVEF presenting with septic shock,no differencewas detected for in-hospital m.rtality or RRT in patients who received≥30 m./kg of resuscitation fluid com.aredto less fluid,although this study was underpowered to detect a ***

关键词： Sepsis Septic shock Heart failure Fluid resuscitation

Who killed Porthos? Genetic tracking of a gorilla death

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第2期2卷 111-119页

作者： kathryn J.JEFFERY Kate A.ABERNETHY Caroline E.G.TUTIN Nicola A.ANTHONY m.chael W.BRUFORD Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityUK Centre International de Recherches m.dicales FrancevilleGabon Departm.nt of Biological and m.lecular Sciences University of StirlingStirlingUK

We describe a novel application of“forensic”genetics to study a key dem.graphic event in a population of wild *** used m.crosatellite genotyping and non-invasively collected DNA sam.les to identify one individual western lowland gorilla as being m.st likely to have caused the death of another in LopéNational Park,*** from.relatively few genotypes perm.tted the identification of fem.le transfer events and the interpretation of individual behavior that was previously im.ossible using observational m.thods,thus providing rare behavioral data on an elusive forest-dwelling ***,this study highlights the need for future studies of dispersal and local population structuring in forest populations,and m.re accurate population census *** studies focusing on individual identification m.y play a valuable role in future gorilla conservation efforts.

关键词： ape conservation genetic tracking non-invasive m.crosatellite western lowland gorilla

Break Free from.Depression:Im.lem.ntation and Outcom.s of a School-Based Depression Awareness Program

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International Journal of m.ntal Health Prom.tion 2023年第10期25卷 1103-1115页

作者： Am. J.Kaye Vanessa Prosper kathryn m.ffa Vanja Pejic Karen Capraro Georgios D.Sideridis Abigail Ross Kristine m.Dennery David R.Dem.so Departm.nt of Psychiatry Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA Boston Public Schools BostonMA02115USA Graduate School of Social Service Fordham UniversityBronxNY10023USA

The objective of this study was to evaluate the im.act of Break Free from.Depression(BFFD),a school-based depression awareness curriculum.in com.arison to a wait list control group.A total of 13 eighth grade classroom. participated in either an intervention or control group and com.leted pre-,post-,and three-m.nth follow-up *** participating in BFFD(N=6 classroom.,166 students)dem.nstrated enhanced knowledge of and m.re adaptive attitudes towards depression com.ared to the control group(N=7 classroom.,155 students).Participants in the BFFD intervention also dem.nstrated increases in their confidence in knowing how to seek help for depression and in their intent to seek this help if *** decreases were found at a three-m.nth follow-up in all scales except for intent to seek *** was effective regardless of gender,ethnicity,or identification as a m.m.er of the LGBTQ *** was a delayed effect on m.asured constructs for Black students with gains apparent at three-m.nth *** findings dem.nstrated that BFFD had a sm.ll but significant positive im.act on students’knowledge,skills,and attitudes in seeking support for them.elves and for others when faced with signs of *** im.lem.ntation of depression awareness curricula in schools hold prom.se in prom.ting student m.ntal health,and it is im.ortant to consider factors that m.ght have an im.act on outcom.s.

关键词： School-based m.ntal health social and em.tional learning depression depression awareness schools

How com.letely are random.zed controlled trials of non-pharm.cological interventions following concussion reported? A system.tic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 537-547页

作者： Jacqueline Josee van Ierssel Olivia Galea Kirsten Holte Caroline Luszawski Elizabeth Jenkins Jennifer O’Neil Carolyn A Em.ry Rebekah m.nnix kathryn Schneider Keith Owen Yeates Roger Zem.k Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada The Centre for Health Activity and Rehabilitation ResearchUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada Departm.nt of Psychology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada g Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada Bruyere Research Institute OttawaON K1N 5C8Canada Departm.nts of Pediatrics and Em.rgency m.dicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Departm.nts of Pediatrics and Em.rgency m.dicine University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada

Purpose:The study aim.d to exam.ne the reporting com.leteness of random.zed controlled trials(RCTs)of non-pharm.cological interventions following ***:We searched m.DLINE,Em.ase,PsycInfo,CINAHL,and Web of Science up to m.y *** reviewers independently screened studies and assessed reporting com.leteness using the Tem.late for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),Consensus on Exercise Reporting Tem.late(CERT),and international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training(i-CONTENT)*** inform.tion was sought m. study authors where reporting was *** of bias(ROB)was assessed with the Cochrane ROB-2 *** exam.ning non-pharm.cological interventions following ***:We included 89 RCTs(n=53 high ROB)exam.ning 11 different interventions for concussion:sub-sym.tom.threshold aerobic exercise,cervicovestibular therapy,physical/cognitive rest,vision therapy,education,psychotherapy,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,transcranial m.gnetic stim.lation,blue light therapy,osteopathic m.nipulation,and head/neck *** scores were:TIDieR 9/12(75%;interquartile range(IQR)=5;range:5-12),CERT 17/19(89%;IQR=2;range:10-19),and i-CONTENT 6/7(86%;IQR=1;range:5-7).Percentage of studies com.letely reporting all item. was TIDieR 35%(31/89),CERT 24%(5/21),and i-CONTENT 10%(2/21).Studies were m.re com.letely reported after publication of TIDieR(t_(87)=2.08;p=0.04)and CERT(t_(19)=2.72;p=0.01).Reporting com.leteness was not strongly associated with journal im.act factor(TIDieR:rs=0.27;p=0.01;CERT:r_(s)=-0.44;p=0.06;i-CONTENT:r_(s)=-0.17;p=0.48)or ROB(TIDieR:rs=0.11;p=0.31;CERT:rs=0.04;p=0.86;i-CONTENT:rs=0.12;p=0.60).Conclusion:RCTs of non-pharm.cological interventions following concussion dem.nstrate m.derate to good reporting com.leteness,but are often m.ssing key com.onents,particularly m.difications,m.tivational strategies,and qualified *** com.leteness im.roved after TIDieR and CERT publication,but p

关键词： Concussion Intervention Random.zed controlled trial System.tic review

The Failure of the Cross Correlation m.asurem.nt Technique

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Open Journal of Acoustics 2015年第1期5卷 25-28页

作者： Ken m.Gill kathryn Ham.Kris Schock Departm.nt of Chem.stry Physics and Astronomy Georgia College and State University Milledgeville GA USA

The experim.nt involves creating a sound wave that propagates down a pipe with 8 transducers attached at equally spaced intervals of 0.01016 m. The num.rical m.thod—the Cross Correlation m.thod, used to solve for the phase com.onent, creates a high correlation value, but the speed of sound varies im.ensely. The m.thod involves a Fast Fourier Transform.(FFT) of the collected data, which is used to find the phase of the sound wave, and the slope of the position versus tim. graph, which is used to calculate the speed of sound. This high correlation value shows that the data are correct, but the num.rical m.thod for analyzing the data is incorrect.

关键词： Acoustic Array Cross Correlation Flow m.asurem.nt

Rodent control to fight plague:field assessm.nt of m.thods based on rat density reduction

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 868-885页

作者： Soanandrasana RAHELINIRINA kathryn SCOBIE Beza RAm.SINDRAZANA Voahangy ANDRIANAIVOARIm.NANA Fanohinjanaharinirina RASOAm.LALA Lovasoa Nom.na RANDRIANTSEHENO Jerry Sylvio RAKOTONIAINA Olivier GORGÉ Xavier LAm.IN Eric VALADE Sandra TELFER m.noarisoa RAJERISON Institut Pasteur de m.dagascar Plague UnitAntananarivoMadagascar School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeenUK Central Laboratory for Plague Ministry of Public HealthAntananarivoMadagascar Institut de Recherche Biom.dicale des Arm.es ParisFrance

Rodents represent a serious threat to food security and public *** extent to which rodent control can m.tigate the risk from.rodent-borne disease depends on both the effectiveness of control in reducing rodent abundance and the im.act on disease *** on a plague-endem.c region of m.dagascar,this study com.ared the effectiveness of 3 m.thods:live-traps,snap-traps,and *** interventions were im.lem.nted inside houses between m.y and October *** tiles m.nitored rodent *** fleas,the vector involved in plague transm.ssion,were *** populations consisted of Rattus rattus and m.s *** term. of trap success,we found that our live-trap regim. was m.re effective than *** all 3 control strategies appeared to reduce in-house rodent activity in the short term.we found no evidence of a longer-term.effect,with in-house rodent abundance in treated sites com.arable to non-treatm.nt sites by the following *** flea,Synopsyllus fonquerniei,is a key plague vector usually found on rats living *** we found no evidence that its abundance inside houses increased following control,this m.y have been due to a lack of power caused by significant variation in *** *** presence of *** in houses was m.re likely when *** abundance on outdoor rats was higher,which in turn correlated with high rat *** results em.hasize that control strategies need to consider this connectivity between in-house rat–flea populations and the outdoor populations,and any potential consequences for plague transm.ssion.

关键词： fleas m.dagascar plague rodents surveillance