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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 11-18页

作者： Jacky Cailes Robert Dunsmore kathryn l.linge ChemCentre PO Box 1250PerthAustralia

The Marplex Convention was established to prevent the manufacture of unmarked plastic explosives and stipulates that a volatile detection agent must be added at the time of ***,to-date,laboratory testing remains the internationally accepted practice for identifying and quantifying the taggants stipulated in the *** this project,portable FTIR and Raman instruments were tested for their ability to detect 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB),the chemical marker incorporated in plastic explosives that are manufactured within *** both FTIR and Raman instruments detected solid DMDNB(98%purity),field analysis of plastic explosives at an Australian Defence establishment showed that both FTIR and Raman spectra were matched the relevant explosive(RDX or PETN),rather than the DMDNB *** all three plastic explosives tested,the concentration of DMDNB was measured by SPME-GC-MS to be between 1.8 and 2%,greater than the minimum 1%concentration stipulated by the Marplex *** testing with a plastic explosive analogue confirmed that the minor absorption peaks that would characterize low concentrations of DMDNB were masked by absorption bands from other compounds within the ***,while both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are suitable for detection of plastic explosives,neither rely on the presence of DMDNB for *** is likely that similar results would be found for other taggants stipulated by the Marplex Convention,given they are also present in concentrations less than 1%.

关键词： Explosive ICAO taggants 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB) Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) Raman

In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： kathryn M.Priest Jacob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal Colton l.Gattis Jeffrey C.Wolchok Timothy J.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(VMl)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

An effective strategy to inhibit grain coarsening:Construction of multi-element co-segregated grain boundary complexion

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第7期13卷 1060-1071页

作者： le Fu Gabriel Arcuri Wenjun Yu Bohan Wang Zihua lei Ying Deng kathryn Grandfield School of Material Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada State Key laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Materials Science and Engineering McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada

When exposed to moderate to high temperatures,nanomaterials typically suffer from severe grain coarsening,which has long been a major concern that prevents their wider ***,we proposed an effective strategy to inhibit grain coarsening by constructing grain boundary(GB)complexions with multiple codoped dopants,which hindered coarsening from both energetic and kinetic *** demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy,multiple selected dopants were doped into a ZrO_(2)-SiO_(2)nanocrystalline glass ceramic(NCGC)to form GB *** results showed that NCGC was predominantly composed of ZrO_(2)nanocrystallites(NCs)distributed in an amorphous SiO_(2)*** layers of GB complexions(~2.5 nm)were formed between adjacent ZrO_(2)NCs,and they were crystalline superstructures with co-segregated *** addition,a small amount of quartz solid solution was formed,and it adhered to the periphery of ZrO_(2)NCs and bridged the adjacent NCs,acting as a“bridging phase”.The GB complexions and the“bridging phase”synergistically enhanced the coarsening resistance of ZrO_(2)NCs up to 1000°*** findings are important for understanding GB complexions and are expected to provide new insights into the design of nanomaterials with excellent thermodynamic stability.

关键词： Zr_(2)-Si_(2) multi-element co-segregation grain boundary(GB)complexion grain coarsening atom probe tomography(APT)

Self-supported copper-based gas diffusion electrodes improve the local CO_(2)concentration for efficient electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 51-62页

作者： Azeem Mustafa Bachirou Guene lougou Yong Shuai Zhijiang Wang Haseeb-ur-Rehman Samia Razzaq Wei Wang Ruming Pan Jiupeng Zhao Key laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics of MIIT Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China MIIT Key laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China Mechanical Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydney2006Australia

Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction is a sustainable approach in green chemistry that enables the production of valuable chemicals and fuels while mitigating the environmental impact associated with CO_(2)*** its several advantages,this technology suffers from an intrinsically low CO_(2)solubility in aqueous solutions,resulting in a lower local CO_(2)concentration near the electrode,which yields lower current densities and restricts product *** diffusion electrodes(GDEs),particularly those with tubular architectures,can solve these issues by increasing the local CO_(2)concentration and triple-phase interface,providing abundant electroactive sites to achieve superior reaction *** this study,robust and self-supported Cu flow-through gas diffusion electrodes(FTGDEs)were synthesized for efficient formate production via electrochemical CO_(2)*** were further compared with traditional Cu electrodes,and it was found that higher local CO_(2)concentration due to improved mass transfer,the abundant surface area available for the generation of the triple-phase interface,and the porous structure of Cu FTGDEs enabled high formate Faradaic efficiency(76%)and current density(265 mA¸cm^(−2))at–0.9 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.5 mol·l^(−1)*** combined phase inversion and calcination process of the Cu FTGDEs helped maintain a stable operation for several *** catalytic performance of the Cu FTGDEs was further investigated in a non-gas diffusion configuration to demonstrate the impact of local gas concentration on the activity and performance of electrochemical CO_(2)*** study demonstrates the potential of flow-through gas-diffusion electrodes to enhance reaction kinetics for the highly efficient and selective reduction of CO_(2),offering promising applications in sustainable electrochemical processes.

关键词： CO_(2)electroreduction flow-through delivery hollow fiber structure local concentration formate

Stand dynamics of old-growth hemlock forests in central Bhutan are shaped by natural disturbances

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 434-447页

作者： Karma Tenzin Craig R.Nitschke kathryn J.Allen Raphael Trouve Thiet V.Nguyen Patrick J.Baker School of Agriculture Foodand Ecosystem SciencesUniversity of Melbourne500 Yarra BlvdRichmondVictoriaAustralia School of Geography Planningand Spatial SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaSandy BayTasmaniaAustralia Forest Science Institute of South Vietnam 1 Pham Van Hai StreetTan Binh DistrictHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam

Understanding how past disturbances have influenced the development of forests is critical for deciphering their current structure and composition and forecasting future *** this study,dendrochronological methods were applied to uncover the disturbance history of old-growth hemlock-dominated forests in central *** of tree-ring samples from two old-growth hemlock stands,located in two different topographic settings,identified the importance of gap-phase dynamics in facilitating recruitment and growth releases and producing complex,multi-aged structure s over *** site showed evidence of a near stand-replacing disturbance in the late 1700s,while the other showed no evide nce of high-severity disturbance at any time over the last 400 *** both sites low-to medium-severity disturbances,some of which appear to be associated with cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal,dominated the disturbance *** hemlock stands exhibited a significant positive association between cyclone occurrence and growth release events and between recruitment pulses and growth release *** 1800 to 1970 there was an increase in recruitment of angiosperm tree species at most sites and a corresponding decline in conifer *** the past 50 years there has been little new recruitment;this may be due to light limitation in the understory from shade-tolerant angiosperms and bamboo in the lower strata of these *** variations in disturbance dynamics and recruitment were observed across the study sites,suggesting that other factors,such as topography and climate,may be influencing long-term stand development *** study highlights the complex interplay between historical disturbance regimes and tree recruitment in shaping the age and size structures of old-growth hemlock forests in central *** also provides new insights into the dynamics of these forests that can be used to support effective forest conservation and management i

关键词： Forest structure Hemlock forest Himalaya Natural disturbance

Multi-Pollutant Formation and Control in Pressurized Oxy-Combustion:SO_(x),NO_(x),Particulate Matter,and Mercury

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Engineering 2024年第8期39卷 127-153页

作者： Gaofeng Dai Jiaye Zhang Zia ur Rahman Yufeng Zhang Yili Zhang Milan Vujanović Hrvoje Mikulčić Nebojsa Manic Aneta Magdziarz Houzhang Tan Richard l.Axelbaum Xuebin Wang MOE Key laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of Ecology and Environment Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Faculty of Mechanical Engineering&Naval Architecture University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of MariborMaribor 2000Slovenia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of BelgradeBelgrade 11120Serbia AGH University of Krakow Krakow 30059Poland Consortium for Clean Coal Utilization Department of EnergyEnvironmental&Chemical EngineeringWashington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA

Oxy-combustion is a promising carbon-capture technology,but atmospheric-pressure oxy-combustion has a relatively low net efficiency,limiting its application in power *** pressurized oxycombustion(POC),the boiler,air separation unit,flue gas recirculation unit,and CO_(2)purification and compression unit are all operated at elevated pressure;this makes the process more efficient,with many advantages over atmospheric pressure,such as low NO_(x)emissions,a smaller boiler size,and *** is also more promising for industrial application and has attracted widespread research interest in recent *** can produce high-pressure CO_(2)with a purity of approximately 95%,which can be used directly for enhanced oil recovery or ***,the pollutant emissions must meet the standards for carbon capture,storage,and *** of the high oxygen and moisture concentrations in POC,the formation of acids via the oxidation and solution of SO_(x)and NO_(x)can be increased,causing the corrosion of pipelines and ***,particulate matter(PM)and mercury emissions can harm the environment and human *** main distinction between pressurized and atmospheric-pressure oxy-combustion is the former’s elevated pressure;thus,the effect of this pressure on the pollutants emitted from POC—including SO_(x),NO_(x),PM,and mercury—must be understood,and effective control methodologies must be incorporated to control the formation of these *** paper reviews recent advances in research on SO_(x),NO_(x),PM,and mercury formation and control in POC systems that can aid in pollutant control in such systems.

关键词： Pressurized oxy-combustion Sulfur oxides Nitrogen oxides Particulate matter Mercury Direct contact cooler Carbon capture and sequestration

How completely are randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion reported? A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 537-547页

作者： Jacqueline Josee van Ierssel Olivia Galea Kirsten Holte Caroline luszawski Elizabeth Jenkins Jennifer O’Neil Carolyn A Emery Rebekah Mannix kathryn Schneider Keith Owen Yeates Roger Zemek Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada The Centre for Health Activity and Rehabilitation ResearchUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada Department of Psychology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada g Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada Bruyere Research Institute OttawaON K1N 5C8Canada Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada

Purpose:The study aimed to examine the reporting completeness of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of non-pharmacological interventions following ***:We searched MEDlINE,Embase,PsycInfo,CINAHl,and Web of Science up to May *** reviewers independently screened studies and assessed reporting completeness using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template(CERT),and international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training(i-CONTENT)*** information was sought my study authors where reporting was *** of bias(ROB)was assessed with the Cochrane ROB-2 *** examining non-pharmacological interventions following ***:We included 89 RCTs(n=53 high ROB)examining 11 different interventions for concussion:sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise,cervicovestibular therapy,physical/cognitive rest,vision therapy,education,psychotherapy,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,transcranial magnetic stimulation,blue light therapy,osteopathic manipulation,and head/neck *** scores were:TIDieR 9/12(75%;interquartile range(IQR)=5;range:5-12),CERT 17/19(89%;IQR=2;range:10-19),and i-CONTENT 6/7(86%;IQR=1;range:5-7).Percentage of studies completely reporting all items was TIDieR 35%(31/89),CERT 24%(5/21),and i-CONTENT 10%(2/21).Studies were more completely reported after publication of TIDieR(t_(87)=2.08;p=0.04)and CERT(t_(19)=2.72;p=0.01).Reporting completeness was not strongly associated with journal impact factor(TIDieR:rs=0.27;p=0.01;CERT:r_(s)=-0.44;p=0.06;i-CONTENT:r_(s)=-0.17;p=0.48)or ROB(TIDieR:rs=0.11;p=0.31;CERT:rs=0.04;p=0.86;i-CONTENT:rs=0.12;p=0.60).Conclusion:RCTs of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion demonstrate moderate to good reporting completeness,but are often missing key components,particularly modifications,motivational strategies,and qualified *** completeness improved after TIDieR and CERT publication,but p

关键词： Concussion Intervention Randomized controlled trial Systematic review

Mutations in wheat TaAPA2 gene result in pleiotropic effects on plant architecture

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Science China(life Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 2039-2042页

作者： Shengsheng Bai Guiping Wang Rui Song Yanna liu lei Hua Jinwei Yang lijun Zhang Shams ur Rehman Xiaohua Hao lifeng Hou Chaozhong Zhang Hongna li Yanyan liang lihua Zhao Yan Xue Zheng Wang Shisheng Chen National Key laboratory of Wheat Improvement Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural SciencesShandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in WeifangWeifang 261325China Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Dear Editor,Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum l.)is a globally important cereal providing~20% of the calories and proteins for>4.5billion *** architecture,including morphologies of leaves,spikes,stems,and roots,has great impact on plant development and productivity,and thus has been extensively investigated in various plant species(Jiang et al.,2023;Zhang et al.,2017).

关键词： cereal globally roots

Graphene enhances artemisinin production in the traditional medicinal plant Artemisia annua via dynamic physiological processes and miRNA regulation

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Plant Communications 2024年第3期5卷 31-46页

作者： Junfeng Cao Zhiwen Chen luyao Wang Ning Yan Jialing lin lipan Hou Yongyan Zhao Chaochen Huang Tingting Wen Chenyi li Saeed ur Rahman Zehui liu Jun Qiao Jianguo Zhao Jie Wang Yannan Shi Wei Qin Tong Si Yuliang Wang Kexuan Tang Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesPlant Biotechnology Research CenterFudan-SJTU Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D CenterSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Engineering Research Center of Coal-based Ecological Carbon Sequestration Technology of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Graphene Forestry Application of National Forest and Grass AdministrationShanxi Datong UniversityDatong 037009China National Key laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Hainan Institute Zhejiang UniversityYongyou Industry ParkYazhou Bay Sci-Tech CitySanya 572000China College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology College of AgronomyQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Institute of Millet Crops Hebei Academy of Agriculture&Forestry Sciences/Hebei Branch of China National Sorghum Improvement CenterShijiazhuang 050035China

We investigated the effects of graphene on the model herb Artemisia annua,which is renowned for produc-ing artemisinin,a widely used pharmacological *** growth and biomass were promoted when *** was cultivated with low concentrations of graphene,an effect which was attributed to a 1.4-fold increase in nitrogen uptake,a 15%–22%increase in chlorophyllfluorescence,and greater abun-dance of carbon cycling–related *** to 10 or 20 mg/l graphene resulted in a�60%increase in H2O2,and graphene could act as a catalyst accelerator,leading to a 9-fold increase in catalase(CAT)ac-tivity in vitro and thereby maintaining reactive oxygen species(ROS)***,graphene exposure led to an 80%increase in the density of glandular secreting trichomes(GSTs),in which artemisinin is biosynthesized and *** contributed to a 5%increase in artemisinin content inmature ***-estingly,expression of miR828 was reduced by both graphene and H2O2 treatments,resulting in induction of its target gene AaMYB17,a positive regulator of GST *** molecular and genetic assays showed that graphene-induced H2O2 inhibits micro-RNA(miRNA)biogenesis through Dicers and regulates the miR828–AaMYB17 module,thus affecting GST *** results suggest that graphene may contribute to yield improvement in *** via dynamic physiological processes together with miRNA regulation,and it may thus represent a new cultivation strategy for increasing yield capacity through nanobiotechnology.

关键词： Artemisia annua artemisinin glandular secreting trichomes GSTs miRNA graphene

Continuity of Almost Harmonic Maps with the Perturbation Term in a Critical Space

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2022年第4期43卷 585-600页

作者： Mati ur RAHMAN Yingshu lü Deliang XU School of Mathematical Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The authors study the continuity estimate of the solutions of almost harmonic maps with the perturbation term f in a critical integrability class(Zygmund class)l^(n/2)log^(q) l,n is the dimension with n≥*** prove that when q>n/2 the solution must be continuous and they can get continuity modulus *** a byproduct of their method,they also study boundary continuity for the almost harmonic maps in high dimension.

关键词： Harmonic maps Nonlinear elliptic PDE Boundary regularity