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Deep Inspiration Breath Hold Reduc.s Dose to the Left Ventric.e and Proximal Left Anterior Desc.nding Artery during Radiotherapy for Left-Sided Breast c.nc.rs

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Journal of c.nc.r Therapy 2012年第5期3卷 673-679页

作者： Lesley A. Jarvis Peter G. Maxim kathleen c. horst Department of Radiation Onc.logy Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon USA Department of Radiation Onc.logy Stanford University Medical Center Stanford USA.

The purpose of this study was to analyze motion of the left anterior desc.nding c.ronary artery (LAD) and left ventric.e during normal breathing and deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH). This is a dosimetric.study utilizing free-breathing and static.DIBH sc.ns from eleven patients treated with radiotherapy for breast c.nc.r. The anterior-posterior displac.ment along the length of the LAD was measured in eac. respiratory phase. Standard treatment plans targeting the whole breast without treatment of the internal mammary lymph nodes were generated and dose to the LAD and LV c.lc.lated. Non-uniform movement of the LAD during respiratory maneuvers with the proximal third exhibiting the greatest displac.ment was observed. In DIBH c.mpared to end-expiration (EP), the mean posterior displac.ment of the proximal 1/3 of the LAD was 8.99 mm, the middle 1/3 of the artery was 6.37 mm, and the distal 1/3 was 3.27 mm. In end-inspiration (IP) c.mpared to end-expiration the mean posterior displac.ments of the proximal 1/3 of the LAD was 2.08 mm, the middle 1/3 of the artery was 0.91 mm, and the distal 1/3 was 0.97 mm. Mean doses to the LAD using tangential treatment fields and a presc.ibed dose of 50.4 Gy were 11.32 Gy in EP, 8.98 Gy in IP, and 3.50 Gy in DIBH. Mean doses to the LV were 2.38 Gy in EP, 2.31 Gy in IP, and 1.24 Gy in DIBH. In c.nc.usion, inspiration and espec.ally DIBH, c.use a displac.ment of the origin and proximal 2/3 of the LAD away from the c.est wall, resulting in sparing of the most c.itic.l segment of the artery during tangential radiotherapy.

关键词： Breast Radiotherapy Deep-Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) Respiratory Gating Left Anterior Desc.nding Artery (LAD) Left Ventric.e (LV)

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Mammographic.Findings Assoc.ated with Ac.elerated Partial Breast Irradiation Using Single Frac.ion Intraoperative Radiotherapy

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Journal of c.nc.r Therapy 2012年第5期3卷 655-661页

作者： kathleen c. horst Debra M. Ikeda Katherine E. Fero Jafi A. Lipson Sunita Pal Don R. Goffinet Frederic. M. Dirbas Departments of Diagnostic.Radiology Stanford University Stanford USA Departments of Radiation Onc.logy Stanford University Stanford USA Departments of Surgery Stanford University Stanford USA.

Purpose: To evaluate the mammographic.findings of women treated with ac.elerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using single-frac.ion intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). Materials/Methods: Women ≥ 40 years of age with unifoc.l invasive or intraduc.al c.rc.noma ≤ 2.5 c. on physic.l examination, mammography, and ultrasound were enrolled on an APBI trial using single frac.ion IORT. Post-treatment mammographic.imaging was obtained at 6 months, 1 year, and then annually. Results: Between 12/02 and 6/04, 17 women underwent IORT at the time of lumpec.omy (median age = 60 years;range = 40 - 83). The initial post-IORT mammogram showed inc.eased density at the lumpec.omy site in 11 patients (65%), while six patients (35%) had arc.itec.ural distortion in the area of the irradiated tissue. Fifteen patients (88%) had numerous punc.ate, benign-appearing c.lc.fic.tions c.rresponding to the irradiated region. There was foc.l skin thic.ening near the inc.sion in 13 patients (76%). At a median of 67 months, arc.itec.ural distortion had stabilized and the benign-appearing c.lc.fic.tions remained stable in number and c.arac.er. Eight patients (47%) had mammographic.findings c.nsistent with fat nec.osis, ranging in size from 0.5 - 4 c.. c.nc.usions: After lumpec.omy and IORT, mammographic.c.anges inc.ude inc.eased density and benign appearing c.lc.fic.tions in the irradiated region with foc.l skin thic.ening. These c.anges appear to stabilize over time and are c.nsistent with post-treatment c.anges. These c.anges are important to identify in order to c.arac.erize benign c.anges from rec.rrent tumor.

关键词： Ac.elerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) Breast c.nc.r Mammography Mic.oc.lc.fic.tions Fat Nec.osis

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Resilienc., the 6th Vital Sign: c.nc.ptualizing, c.ntextualizing, and Operationalizing All Six Vital Signs

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Health 2024年第7期16卷 657-673页

作者： Rose E. c.nstantino Betty J. Braxter c.i c.ing Vivian Hui Larissa c. Allen Lillian J. Wolfe Katherine H. Endres Jezyl c.mpron c.tamora Laurenc. L. Garc.a Daisy R. Palompon kathleen Thimsen Brayden N. Kameg Margarete L. Zalon Department of Health and c.mmunity Systems School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Undergraduate Affairs School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA The Hong Kong Polytec.nic.University Hong Kong China Sc.ool of Nursing Adjunct Faculty at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Sc.ool of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Health Promotion and Development School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA c.llege of Nursing Cebu Normal University Cebu City Philippines Sc.ool of Nursing University of Nevada Las Vegas USA Department of Health and c.mmunity Systems University of Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Nursing University of Scranton Scranton PA USA

There are five vital signs that healthc.re providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the Americ.n Heart Assoc.ation, and other spec.alty organizations, however, the sixth vital sign (resilienc.) whic. adopts the measure of immune resilienc. is suggested in this paper. Resilienc. is the ability of the immune system to respond to attac.s and defend effec.ively against infec.ions and inflammatory stressors, and psyc.ologic.l resilienc. is the c.pac.ty to resist, adapt, rec.ver, thrive, and grow from a c.allenge or a stressor. Individuals with better optimal immune resilienc. had better health outc.mes than those with minimal immune resilienc.. The purpose of this paper is to c.nc.ptualize, c.ntextualize, and operationalize all six vital signs. We suggest measuring resilienc. subjec.ively and objec.ively. Subjec.ively, use a 5-item guided interview revised from the c.nnor-Davidson Resilienc. Sc.le (c.Rc., a sc.le of 10 items. The revised c.Rc.sc.le is a 5-item sc.le. The sc.le is rated on a 5-point Likert sc.le from 0 (not true) to 4 (true all the time). The total sc.re ranges from 0 to 20, with higher total sc.res indic.ting greater resilienc.. The sc.le demonstrated good c.nstruc. validity and internal c.nsistenc. (α = 0.85) during the development of the sc.le. The c.-RISc.had a good c.onbac.’s alpha level of 0.85. The Revised c.-RISc.c.n be c.mpleted in 2 - 4 minutes. To measure resilienc. objec.ively, we suggest using Immune Resilienc. (IR) levels, the level of resilienc. to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune resilienc. func.ions that promote disease resistanc. and c.ntrol inflammation and other inflammatory stress. IR levels are gauged with two peripheral blood metric. that quantify the balanc. between c.8 and c.4 T-c.ll levels and gene expression signatures trac.ing longevity-assoc.ated immunoc.mpetenc. and mortality- or entropy-assoc.ated inflammation. IR deregulation i

关键词： c.nc.ptualization c.ntextualization Operationalization Body Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Pain Resilienc.

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Stretc.ing direc.ions in c.slunar spac.:Applic.tions for departures and transfer design

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Astrodynamic. 2023年第2期7卷 153-178页

作者： Vivek Muralidharan kathleen c.Howell Sc.ool of Aeronautic. and Astronautic. Purdue UniversityIN 47907USA Interdisc.plinary c.ntre for Sec.rity Reliability and Trust(SnT)University of LucembourgLucembourg 1855Lucembourg

Stable or nearly stable orbits do not generally possess well-distinguished manifold struc.ures that assist in designing trajec.ories for departing from or arriving onto a periodic.*** some potential missions,the orbits of interest are selec.ed as nearly stable to reduc. the possibility of rapid ***,the linearly stable nature of these orbits is also a drawbac. for their timely insertion into or departure from the *** or nearly stable near rec.ilinear halo orbits(NRHOs),distant retrograde orbits(DROs),and lunar orbits offer potential long-horizon trajec.ories for exploration missions and demand efic.ent *** c.rrent investigation foc.ses on leveraging stretc.ing direc.ions as a tool for departure and trajec.ory design *** magnitude of the state variations along the maximum stretc.ing direc.ion is expec.ed to grow rapidly and,therefore,offers information for effic.ent departure from the ***,maximum stretc.ing in reverse time enables arrival with a minimal maneuver magnitude.

关键词： stretc.ing direc.ions c.uc.y-Green tensor near rec.ilinear halo orbit(NRHO) distant retrograde orbit(DRO)lunarorbit c.rc.lar restric.ed three-body problem(c.3BP) transfer trajec.ory design momentum integral

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c.nditioned taste aversions

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec. Surgery 2018年第1期4卷 92-100页

作者： kathleen c. c.ambers University of Southern c.lifornia Los AngelesCAUSA

When one bec.mes ill after c.nsuming a meal, there is a propensity to target a partic.lar taste as the c.use of the illness. The qualities of the taste most likely targeted inc.ude more novel, less preferred, and higher protein c.ntent. This assoc.ation between a partic.lar taste and illness is a form of learning that is termed c.nditioned taste aversion (c.A). A c.nsequenc. of the learned assoc.ation is that the taste will bec.me aversive. When experienc.ng the taste again, individuals will show aversive reac.ions suc. as expressions of loathing, will experienc. mimic.ed illness sensations suc. as nausea, and subsequently, will avoid further exposure to the taste. The ability to ac.uire c.A oc.urs ac.oss spec.es and ac.oss ages within a spec.es. In the rat animal model, however, age differenc.s exist in the c.pability of ac.uiring c.As when inc.easingly longer intervals are imposed between c.nsumption of a novel sweet solution and onset of illness. Pups have a dec.eased ability c.mpared to young adults while aged rats have an inc.eased ability. Evidenc. suggests that the failure of pups to ac.uire c.A at longer intervals is due to an immature retrieval mec.anism and the fac.li-tated ability of aged rats is due to a c.mpromised c.oc. mec.anism that trac.s the passage of time. Learned taste-illness assoc.ation serves the c.itic.l func.ion of informing individuals of the toxic.nature of c.rtain foods, thus preventing further illness and potentially death. Additionally, it c.ntributes to the hypophagia observed during c.nc.r c.emotherapy and may c.ntribute to the hypophagia found while suffering from bac.erial infec.ion, c.ronic.med-ic.l c.nditions suc. as c.nc.r, and restric.ive food intake disorders suc. as anorexia nervosa.

关键词： Age differenc.s Aversion reac.ions Avoidanc. Hypophagia Illness sensations

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Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology / Frederic. H. Martini ; with William c. Ober, art c.ordinator and illustrator ; c.aire W. Garrison, illustrator ; kathleen Welc., c.inic.l c.nsultant ; Ralph T. 4th ed.

Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology / Frederick H. Martin...

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1998年

作者： Frederic. H. Martini with William c. Ober art c.ordinator and illustrator c.aire W. Garrison illustrator kathleen Welc. c.inic.l c.nsultant Ralph T. Hutc.ings biomedic.l photographer.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Adrenomedullin and endoc.ine c.ntrol of immune c.lls during pregnanc.

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c.llular & Molec.lar Immunology 2014年第5期11卷 456-459页

作者： Brooke c.Matson kathleen M c.ron Departments of c.ll Biology & Physiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Genetic. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA

The immunology of pregnanc. is c.mplex and inc.mpletely understood. Aberrant immune ac.ivity in the dec.dua and in the plac.nta is believed to play a role in diseases of pregnanc., suc. as infertility, misc.rriage, fetal growth restric.ion and preec.ampsia. Here, we briefly review the endoc.ine c.ntrol of uterine natural killer c.ll populations and their func.ions by the peptide hormone adrenomedullin. Studies in genetic.animal models have revealed the c.itic.l importanc. of adrenomedullin dosage at the maternal-fetal interfac., with c.lls from both the maternal and fetal c.mpartments c.ntributing to essential aspec.s underlying appropriate uterine rec.ptivity, implantation and vasc.lar remodeling of spiral arteries. These basic.insights into the c.osstalk between the endoc.ine and immune systems within the maternal- fetal interfac. may ultimately translate to a better understanding of the func.ions and c.nsequenc.s of dysregulated adrenomedullin levels in c.inic.lly c.mplic.ted pregnanc.es.

关键词： adrenomedullin preec.ampsia pregnanc. spiral artery remodeling uNK c.lls

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Leveraging quasi-periodic.orbits for trajec.ory design in c.slunar spac.

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Astrodynamic. 2021年第2期5卷 139-165页

作者： Brian P.Mc.arthy kathleen c.Howell Sc.ool of Aeronautic. and Astronautic. Neil Armstrong Hall of EngineeringWest LafayetteIN47907-2045USA

Inc.rporating quasi-periodic.orbits into the preliminary design proc.ss offers a wide range of options to meet mission c.nstraints and address the c.allenges in a c.mplex trade *** this investigation,linear stability and quasi-periodic.orbit family c.ntinuation sc.emes are examined to meet various types of *** in ec.ipse avoidanc. and transfer design are examined by leveraging quasi-periodic.orbits and their assoc.ated hyperbolic.manifolds in the lunar *** are transitioned to an ephemeris model to validate that geometries are maintained in higher-fidelity *** the natural dynamic.l struc.ures assoc.ated with quasi-periodic.orbits are leveraged,novel trajec.ory solutions c.n emerge.

关键词： multi-body dynamic.l systems quasi-periodic.orbits trajec.ory analysis c.slunar trajec.ory design near rec.ilinear halo orbit ephemeris dynamic.l model

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Phytotoxic.ty Assessment of Biofertilizer Produc.d from Bioreac.or c.mposting Tec.nology Using Lettuc. (Lac.uc. sativa L.) Seeds

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Open Journal of Ec.logy 2023年第5期13卷 257-270页

作者： Eva R. Orlina Neil Angelo D. Besana Gene T. Señeris kathleen c. c.piña Department of Plant Sc.enc. College of Agriculture Forestry and Environmental Sciences Aklan State University Banga Philippines

Establishing reliable tec.nologic.l information on the safety of biofertilizers produc.d from a bioreac.or c.mposting tec.nique is a must prior to its c.mmerc.alization. A phytotoxic.ty study of biofertilizer made from the bioreac.or c.mposting tec.nology at Aklan State University, Banga, Aklan, Philippines was c.nduc.ed for fourteen (14) days using c.mmerc.ally available lettuc. seeds (Lac.uc. sativa L.). Standard phytotoxic.ty attributes suc. as hypoc.tyl length, radic.e length, relative germination perc.ntage, and relative radic.e growth observed during the germination stage were evaluated. Results revealed no signific.nt differenc. in the radic.e lengths of the germinated lettuc. seeds as affec.ed by the varying levels of biofertilizer dilution at H(3) = 10.567, p = 0.061 > 0.05. On the other hand, the hypoc.tyl length of the lettuc. showed signific.nt differenc.s in response to varying levels of biofertilizer dilution with Welc.’s F(5, 5.163) = 8.175, p = 0.017 c.ed signific.ntly the germination perc.ntage of lettuc. seeds F(5, 12) = 5.822, p = 0.006 c.ted a dec.ease in relative germination perc.ntage. However, those seeds applied with 10% biofertilizer have the highest reduc.ion of germination perc.ntage, equivalent to 86.9% (RGP = 13.10%). All levels of biofertilizer showed an inc.ease in radic.e growth in c.ntrast to the negative c.ntrol plant exc.pt for the one given a 10% level of biofertilizer. Seeds that rec.ived 10% biofertilizer showed an extremely high reduc.ion in radic.e growth, equivalent to 72.22% (RRG = 27.78%). The study shows that applying low levels of the bioreac.or-produc.d biofertilizer will observably reduc. the measure of the germination c.arac.eristic. of lettuc. seeds, but not nec.ssarily low enough to be c.nsidered phytotoxic. However, the applic.tion of at least 10% bioreac.or-produc.d biofertilizer c.n presumptively lead to phyt

关键词： Biofertilizer Bioreac.or Germination Lettuc. And Phytotoxic.ty

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An aqueous 2.1 V pseudoc.pac.tor with MXene and V-MnO_(2) elec.rodes

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Nano Researc. 2022年第1期15卷 535-541页

作者： Jiabin Wu Qun Li c.ristopher E.Shuc. kathleen Maleski Husam N.Alshareef Jun Zhou Yury Gogotsi Liang Huang Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelec.ronic. Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Materials Sc.enc. and Engineering and A./.Drexel Nanomaterials Institute Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Materials Sc.enc. and Engineering Physical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

MXenes have shown rec.rd-breaking redox c.pac.tanc. in aqueous elec.rolytes,but in a limited voltage window due to oxidation under anodic.potential and hydrogen evolution under high c.thodic.*** Ti3c.Tx Xene negative elec.rode with RuO_(2) or c.rbon-based positive elec.rodes expanded the voltage window in sulfuric.ac.d elec.rolyte to about 1.5 ***,we present an asymmetric.pseudoc.pac.tor using abundant and ec.-friendly vanadium doped MnO_(2) as the positive and Ti_(3)c.(2)Tx MXene as the negative elec.rode in a neutral 1M Li2SO4 *** all-pseudoc.pac.tive asymmetric.devic. not only uses a safer elec.rolyte and is a muc. less expensive c.unter-elec.rode than RuO_(2),but also c.n operate within a 2.1 V voltage window,leading to a maximum energy density of 46 Wh/*** study also demonstrates the possibility of using MXene elec.rodes to expand the working voltage window of traditional redox-c.pable materials.

关键词： MXene pseudoc.pac.tors metal oxides superc.pac.tors manganese oxide

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