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Use of prostate-specific antigen testing in medicare beneficiaries:Association with previous evaluation

Family medicine and Community Health 2017年第2期5卷 109-118页

作者： Gregory S.cooper Tzuyung Doug Kou mark D.Schluchter Avi Dor Siran m.Koroukian Simon P.Kim Division of Gastroenterology University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center11100 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Urology University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center11100 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Wearn BuildingCase Western Reserve University11100 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of MedicineWood BuildingCase Western Reserve University10900 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Health Policy and management Milken Institute School of Public HealthGeorge Washington University950 New Hampshire Ave.NWWashingtonDC 20052USA

Objective:Determine uptake of prostate-specific antigen(PSA)testing in medicare benefi-ciaries according to previous receipt of PSA ***:A 5%random sample of men aged 67 years or older without a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer was identified through 2009-2012 medicare *** measured the annualized frequency of PSA screening among men due for PSA testing,stratified by PSA testing use in the previous 2 years,and clustered by ordering ***:Throughout the study period,PSA testing use was consistently higher for men with previous screening than for men without previous *** men without previous screening,there was a decline in testing that was most pronounced in *** with 2009,the cor-responding odds ratios were 0.98[95%confidence interval(CI)(0.96-1.00)]in 2010,0.94[95%CI(0.92-0.95)]in 2011,and 0.66[95%CI(0.65-0.68)]in *** contrast,for men with previous screening,PSA testing frequency was stable from 2009 to 2011,and declined to a lesser extent in 2012[odds ratio 0.80,95%CI(0.79-0.81)].Conclusion:Receipt of PSA testing is highly dependent on whether an individual was tested in the recent *** previously unscreened men,the largest decrease occurred in 2012,which may reflect in part the publication of US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines,but there was much less impact among men already being screened.

关键词： Prostate-specific antigen medicare mass screening clinical practice patterns

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New insights in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver disease:The metabolic,immunologic,and neurologic pathways

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Liver Research 2023年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： Tom Ryu Kyurae Kim Sung Eun Choi katherine Po Sin Chung Won-Il Jeong Laboratory of Liver Research Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKAISTDaejeonRepublic of Korea

Alcohol-related liver disease(ALD)became an important health issue *** chronic alcohol consumption,the development of ALD might be caused by metabolic and immunologic factors,such as reactive oxygen species(ROS)and pro-inflammatory *** example,hepatic cytochrome P4502E1 enzyme increases ROS production and stimulates de novo lipogenesis after alcohol *** addition,damage-and pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulate their specific receptors in nonparenchymal cells,including Kupffer cells,hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),and lymphocytes,which result in hepatocyte death and infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells(e.g.,neutrophils and macrophages)in the ***,our studies have suggested the novel involvement of neurologic signaling pathways(e.g.,endocannabinoid and glutamate)through the metabolic synapse between hepatocytes and HSCs in the development of alcohol-related hepatic ***,agouti-related protein and beta2-adrenergic receptors aggravate hepatic ***,organ-crosstalk has emerged as a critical issue in *** alcohol consumption induces dysbiosis and barrier disruption in the gut,leading to endotoxin leakage into the portal circulation,or lipolysis-mediated transport of triglycerides from the adipose tissue to the *** summary,this review addresses multiple pathogeneses of ALD,provides novel neurologic signaling pathways,and emphasizes the importance of organ-crosstalk in the development of ALD.

关键词： Alcohol-related liver disease(ALD) Cannabinoid receptor Steatohepatitis Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) metabotropic glutamate receptor(mGluR) Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)

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Dimensions of human ejaculated spermatozoa in Papanicolaou- stained seminal and swim-up smears obtained from the Integrated Semen Analysis System （ISAS）

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第6期12卷 871-879页

作者： Giuseppe Bellastella Trevor G. cooper marinaBattaglia Anda Strose Inma Torres Barbara Hellenkemper Caries Soler Antonio A. Sinisi Centre of Reproductive medicine and Andrology of the University Miinster D-48149 Germany Department of Clinical and Experimental medicine and Surgery Endocrinology and Medical Andrology Section SecondaUniversita＇di Napoli Napoli 80131 ltaly Department of Life Science and Engineering Saxiom Hogescholen Enschede 7500 Netherlands Tahe Fertilidad murcia Avd. Europa 11-13 Murcia CP 30007 Spain Department of Functlonal Blology and Phystcal Anthropology University of Valbncia Valbncia 46112 Spain

Objective measurements are required for computer-aided sperm morphometric analysis （CASmA） machines to distinguish normal from abnormal sperm heads. The morphometric characteristics of spermatozoa in 72 samples of semen and of spermatozoa from 72 other semen samples after swim-up were quantified by the semi-automated Integrated Sperm Analysis System （ISAS） computer-aided system, which measured the sperm head parameters length （L）, width （W）, area （A）, perimeter （P）, acrosomal area （Ac）, and the derived values L/W and P/A. For each man a homogeneous population of distributions characterized seminal spermatozoa （7 942 cells： median values L 4.4 μm, W 2.8μm A 9.8 μm^2, P 12.5 μm, Ac 47.5%, L/W 1.57, P/A 1.27）, and there was no significant difference in within- and among-individual variation. Different men could have spermatozoa of significantly different dimensions. Head dimensions for swim-up spermatozoa from different men （4 812 cells） were similar to those in semen, differing only by 2%-5%. The values of L, Wand L/W fell within the limits given by the World Health Organization （WHO）. Although these samples were not biologically matched, linear mixed-effects statistical analyses permitted valid comparison of the groups. A subpopulation of 404 spermatozoa considered to fit the stringent criteria of WHO ‘normal＇ seminal spermatozoa from both semen and swim-up were characterized by median values （and 95% confidence intervals） of L, 4.3 μm （3.8-4.9）, W, 2.9 μm （2.6-3.3）, A, 10.2μm^2 （8.5-12.2）, P, 12.4μm （11.3-13.9）, Ac, 49% （36-60）, L/W, 1.49 （1.32-1.67） and P/A, 1.22 （1.11-1.35）. These median values fall within the 95th centile confidence limits given by WHO, but the confidence intervals for L and W were larger. Although these differences in head dimensions among men and after swim-up could be detected by CASmA, the small differences make it unlikely that technicians would be able to distinguish them. The values could be used as default sperm head values for the CASmA

关键词： male infertility semen sperm head

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Small mammal Habitat Use within Restored Riparian Habitats Adjacent to Channelized Streams in mississippi

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第11期4卷 1280-1291页

作者： Peter C. Smiley Jr. Charles m. cooper USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory Oxford Mis- sissippi USA USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit Columbus Ohio USA

Riparian zones of channelized agricultural streams in northwestern mississippi typically consist of narrow vegetative corridors low in habitat diversity and lacking riparian wetlands. Land clearing practices and stream channelization have led to the development of gully erosion and further fragmentation of these degraded riparian zones. Currently, installation of a gully erosion control structure (drop pipe) at the riparian zone-agricultural field interface leads to the incidental establishment of four riparian habitat types that differ in habitat area, vegetative structure, and pool size. Small mammals were sampled within four sites of each habitat type from June 1994 to July 1995. Small mammal diversity, abundance, and hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) weight were the least within smallest Type I habitats with the least vegetative structural diversity and were the greatest within the larger Type II, III, or IV habitats having greater vegetative structural diversity and pool size. Small mammal diversity and abundance were the least in the summer 1994, increased in the fall 1994, and then declined later in our study. Hispid cotton rat abundance was the least in summer 1994, winter 1994, and spring 1995 and was the greatest in fall 1994 and summer 1995. Our results suggest that modifying the drop pipe installation design to facilitate the development of larger riparian habitats with greater vegetative structural diversity will provide the greatest benefits for small mammals.

关键词： Gully Erosion Channelization Channel Incision Erosion Control Small mammals

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Linking Watershed Scales through Altered Waterways

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第10期8卷 885-904页

作者： mason Johnson katherine Clancy College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point Stevens Point USA

Nested hierarchy theory advances the idea that rivers have a fractal dimension where processes at the catchment scale (>1 km) control processes at the reach or mesoscale (100 m) and microscale (1 - 10 m). Largely absent from this work is a mesoscale link to the larger and smaller scales. We used stream alteration classifications to provide this link. We used orthophotographs, land cover, and LiDAR derived terrain models to classify stream alterations within four watersheds. We compared phosphorus point data with watershed, sub-watershed, and 100-meter buffers around the point data. In the predominately urban watershed, the 100 m buffer scale correlated better with phosphorus levels. In the predominately agricultural watershed, the sub-watershed scale correlated with phosphorus levels better. We found adding the classification of the stream alteration type clarified anomalously low phosphorus levels.

关键词： Nested Hierarchy Theory Altered Waterways Landuse Water Quality

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Pandemonium Breaks Out:Disruption of Salicylic Acid-mediated Defense by Plant Pathogens

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molecular Plant 2018年第12期11卷 1427-1439页

作者： Guang Qi Jian Chen ming Chang Huan Chen katherine Hall John Korin Fengquan Liu Daowen Wang Zheng Qing Fu State Key Laboratory of Wheat and maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China lnstitute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology Nanjing 210014 China Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208USA These authors contributed equally to this article

Salicylic acid (SA) or 2-hydroxybenoic acid is a phenolic plant hormone that plays an essential role in plant defense against biotrophic and semi-biotrophic pathogens. In Arabidopsis, SA is synthesized from chorismate in the chloroplast through the ICS1 (isochorismate synthase I) pathway during pathogen infectioru The transcription co-activator NPR1 (Non-Expresser of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1), as the master regulator of SA signaling, interacts with transcription factors to induce the expression of anti-microbial PR (Pathogenesis-Related) genes. To establish successful in fections, plant bacterial, oomycete, fun gal, and viral pathogens have evolved at least three major strategies to disrupt SA-mediated defense? The first strategy is to reduce SA accumulation directly by converting SA into its inactive derivatives. The second strategy is to interrupt SA biosynthesis by targeting the ICS1 pathway. In the third major strategy, plant pathogens deploy different mechanisms to interfere with SA downstream signaling. The wide array of strategies deployed by plant pathogens highlights the crucial role of disruption of SA-mediated plant defense in plant pathogenesis. A deeper understanding of this topic will greatly expand our knowledge of how plant pathogens cause diseases and consequently pave the way for the development of more effective ways to corn trol these diseases.

关键词： salicylic acid NPR1 PR proteins effectors toxin VIGS

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Stool DNA-based versus colonoscopy-based colorectal cancer screening: Patient perceptions and preferences

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Family medicine and Community Health 2015年第3期3卷 2-8页

作者： matthew V.Abola Todd F.Fennimore marcia m.Chen Zhengyi Chen Ashutosh K.Sheth Gregory cooper Li Li Department of Family medicine and Community Health Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine11001 Cedar AvenueSuite 200ClevelandOH 44106USA Division of Gastroenterology University Hospitals Case Medical Center11100 Euclid AvenueClevelandOH 44106USA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine10900 Euclid AvenueClevelandOH 44106USA Swetland Center for Environmental Health Case Western Reserve University11000 Cedar AvenueSuite 402ClevelandOH 44106USA

Objective:Stool DNA(sDNA)tests offer a noninvasive form of colon cancer screening for pa-tients,and although the test is expected to increase uptake of colon cancer screening,it is unknown if patients’perceptions of the sDNA test differ according to race and other patient ***:We conducted a self-administered survey of patients undergoing both a colonoscopy and an sDNA test to evaluate perceptions of sDNA ***:Of the 613 participants who were sent surveys,423 responded(69%response rate).Respondents self-identified as African American(n=127,30%),Caucasian(n=284,67%),and other ethnicity(n=12,3%).In general,participants found the sDNA test more suitable than a colonos-copy(n=309,75%).In univariate analyses,a higher percentage of Caucasians as compared with African Americans found the sDNA test more suitable than a colonoscopy(89%vs.76%,pmore Caucasians than African Americans preferred the sDNA test(43%vs.32%,pment for covariates reduced these racial differences to no significance.A family history of colo-rectal cancer remains a significant factor for patient’s preferences for screening regardless of ***:Our study shows no racial differences in the perception of and preference for sDNA testing for colon *** to increase the uptake of sDNA testing may help reduce racial disparities in colorectal cancer.

关键词： Colon cancer screening race stool DNA test patient perceptions

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小麦选育圃数、目标环境与籽粒产量的间接选择

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麦类作物 1998年第2期18卷 7-9页

作者： m.cooper 王经武

在一个育种项目的靶群体各环境中，运用相适应的选育圃环境可使选择的小麦产量达到最高。本文目的是探索在不同程度水分限制的目标环境中如何去预测低水分胁迫下选育圃品系的产量。１５个品系取自昆士兰小麦育种项目的产量初期评估阶段... 详细信息

在一个育种项目的靶群体各环境中，运用相适应的选育圃环境可使选择的小麦产量达到最高。本文目的是探索在不同程度水分限制的目标环境中如何去预测低水分胁迫下选育圃品系的产量。１５个品系取自昆士兰小麦育种项目的产量初期评估阶段，检测了９年（１９８５～１９９３年）栽培环境下的２６个性状和３个研究站（选育圃环境）３年（１９８７年至１９８９年）的２７年性状。选育圃环境由不同的缺水和缺Ｎ水平构成，而目标环境同不同环境的目标群体的耕作条件随机样本所代表。采用间接选择和特征分析法去评价选育圃环境中的产量选择和目标环境中的籽粒选择。低胁迫选育圃环境下的产量是一个有效的预测类似低胁迫目标环境下产量的指标（ｒ＝０．８９，Ｐ＜０．０１）。然而，低胁迫选育圃值作为水分限制目标环境下的产量预测值会随着水分胁迫的增加而降低（中等水分胁迫ｒ＝０．５３，Ｐ＜０．０５至ｒ＝０．３８，Ｐ＜０．０５；严重水分胁迫ｒ＝－０．０８，Ｐ＜０．０５）。

关键词：小麦选育圃目标环境产量选择间接选择

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The effects of a patient-centred rehabilitation model of care targeting older adults with cognitive impairment on healthcare practitioners

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Advances in Aging Research 2014年第1期3卷 48-58页

作者： Paula m. van Wyk Steven Stewart katherine S. mcGilton Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s University Kingston Canada Department of Kinesiology University of Windsor Windsor Canada Department of Research Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network Toronto Canada Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Until recently, older adults with a cognitive impairment (CI) who experienced a hip fracture were filtered from being admitted into active rehabilitation units. The increased complexity of care required for older adults with a CI may negatively influence the attitudes and job satisfaction of healthcare practitioners working with this population. The current study is a part of a larger intervention study allowing patients with CI following a hip fracture access to rehabilitation care and implementing a patient-centred model to facilitate caring for this new population. This new model required a substantial change in the skillset and knowledge of healthcare practitioners. The focus of this study was to explore the impact on the healthcare practitioners of adopting this new model for providing care to older adults with a CI following a hip fracture. The attitudes, dementia knowledge, job satisfaction, and work stress of healthcare practitioners were the focus of evaluation. Key study findings showed that stress due to relationships with coworkers, workloads and scheduling, and the physical design and conditions at work were moderated post-intervention. Staff responses also improved for job satisfaction, biomedical knowledge of dementia, and degree of hopefulness about dementia. Although we cannot state conclusively that the our model was solely responsible for all the staff improvements observed post-intervention, our findings provide further support to the argument that patients with CI should be allowed access to rehabilitation care. Rehabilitation units need to provide education that utilizes a person-centred approach accepting of patients with CI, and focuses on areas that can bolster staff’s positive, dementia-sensitive attitudes. Ultimately, the aim is to create a culture that provides the highest standard of care for all patients, reduces work-related stress, increases job satisfaction, and leads to the highest quality of life for patients during and after rehab

关键词： Hip Fracture Cognitive Impairment Rehabilitation Patient-Centred Attitudes Job Satisfaction Work Stress

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Understanding academic clinicians' intent to treat pediatric obesity

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2017年第1期6卷 60-68页

作者： Claudia Frankfurter Charles Cunningham katherine m morrison Heather Rimas Karen Bailey Faculty of medicine University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences McM aster University Department of Pediatrics Mc Master University Division of Pediatric Surgery Department of SurgeryMc Master University

AIm To examine the extent to which the theory of planned behavior(TPB) predicts academic clinicians' intent to treat pediatric *** A multi-disciplinary panel iteratively devised a Likert scale survey based on the constructs of the TPB applied to a set of pediatric obesity themes.A cross-sectional electronic survey was then administered to academic clinicians at tertiary care centers across Canada from January to April *** statistics were used to summarize demographic and item agreement data.A hierarchical linear regression analysis controlling for demographic variables was conducted to examine the extent to which the TPB subscales predicted intent to treat pediatric *** A total of 198 physicians,surgeons,and allied healthprofessionals across Canada(British Columbia,Alberta,manitoba,Saskatchewan,Nova Scotia,Ontario and Quebec) completed the *** step 1,demographic factors accounted for 7.4% of the variance in intent *** in step 2,demographic variables and TPB subscales predicted 56.9% of the variance in a measure of the intent to treat pediatric *** behavioral control,that is,confidence in one's ability to manage pediatric obesity,and subjective norms,congruent with one's context of practice,were the most significant predictors of the intent to treat pediatric *** and barriers did not predict the intent to treat pediatric obesity in this *** Enhancing self-confidence in the ability to treat pediatric obesity and the existence of supportive treatment environments are important to increase clinician's intent to treat pediatric obesity.

关键词： Pediatric obesity Therapeutics Intention Decision making Behavior

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