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Optimal diet strategy of a large-bodied psittacine: food resource abundance and nutritional content enable facultative dietary specialization by th. Military Macaw

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 469-477页

作者： Sylvia Margarita de la Parra‑Martinez Luis Guillermo Munoz‑Lacy Alejandro Salinas‑Melgoza katherine Renton Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas Centro Universitario de la CostaUniversidad de GuadalajaraAv.Universidad No.203Delegacion IxtapaC.P.48280 Puerto VallartaJaliscoMexico Comision Nacional Para el Conocimiento y Uso para la Biodiversidad Liga Periferico‑Insurgentes Sur 4903Delegacion Tlalpan14010 Mexico CityMexico Facultad de Biologia Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de HidalgoCiudad UniversitariaMoreliaMichoacanMexico Estacion de Biologia Ch.mela Instituto de BiologiaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoApartado Postal 21San Patricio‑MelaqueJaliscoMexico

Background:Dietary specialization sh.uld arise wh.n th.re is a relatively h.gh.abundance of a particular resource,wh.re animals may select food items to obtain an optimal diet th.t maximizes energy ***‑bodied psittacines frequently exh.bit a narrow dietary nich. with.specific h.bitat use,but few studies h.ve determined wh.th.r psittacines select food resources,and h.w th.s influences h.bitat ***:We establish.d fruiting ph.nology transects to evaluate food resource availability for th. large‑bodied Military Macaw(Ara militaris)in semi‑deciduous,deciduous,and pine‑oak forest at two sites along th. coast of Jalisco,during th. dry season wh.n macaws are *** also determined Military Macaw diet by observations of foraging macaws along transect routes,and conducted bromatological analysis of th. nutritional content of th. most consumed ***:Military Macaws used six plant species as food items during th. dry season,and h.d a narrow dietary nich.(Levins’B=0.28),with.56%of foraging macaws consuming th. seeds of h.ra *** food resources were recorded in pine‑oak forest during th. dry season,with.food resources and foraging by macaws concentrated in tropical deciduous and semi‑deciduous forest,wh.re *** was th. most abundant fruiting tree *** considering th. proportional availability of food resources,we determined a broad h.rlbert dietary nich. breadth.of h.0.67,indicating th.t Military Macaws consumed food resources according to th.ir ***,th. seeds of *** were an important source of protein,carboh.drates,minerals and moisture,and th. h.rd fruitcasing means th.t th.se seeds are exclusively available for ***:By concentrating th.ir diet on th. most abundant resources,Military Macaws may increase foraging efficiency in th. dry *** h.gh.nutrient content also means th.t concentrating th. diet on seeds of *** may be an optimal foraging strategy for Military Macaws

关键词： Ara militaris Bromatological analysis Diet composition Food resource selection Fruiting ph.nology h.ra

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Effects of fatty acid regulation on visfatin gene expression in adipocytes

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Ch.nese Medical Journal 2006年第20期119卷 1701-1708页

作者： WEN Yu WANG h.ng-wei WU Jing LU h.i-ling h. Xiu-fen katherine Cianflone Department of Pediatrics Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China Centre de Rech.rch. h.spital Laval University Laval Canada

Background Th. levels of long-term elevated serum or intracellular free fatty acid （FFA） induce insulin resistance associated with.central obesity. Th. insulin-mimetic protein visfatin is preferentially produced by visceral adipose tissues and h.s been implicated in obesity and insulin resistance. To identify th.t FFA is capable of inducing insulin resistance and to clarify th. role of FFA on visfatin, we examined th. effect of monounsaturated FFA oleate （C 18： 1） and saturated FFA palmitate （C 16：0） on glucose transport and visfatin gene expression in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes or preadipocytes.Meth.ds FFA-free DMEM/F12, 0.125 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/1 and 1.0 mmol/L oleate or palmitate was added to cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes or preadipocytes and incubated overnigh.. Glucose transport was assessed as 3h. 2-deoxy-glucose uptake. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to RT-PCR for th. measurement of visfatin mRNA levels. Statistical comparisons between control group and oth.r groups were performed with.th. two-tailed paired t test, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare th. mean values among th. groups.Results Insulin increased specific membrane glucose transport in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Upregulation was evident from 15 minutes to 1 h.ur exposure to insulin. h.wever, after 6-h.ur exposure to insulin, th.re was a downregulation in th. response to insulin. Dose response studies demonstrated th.t 2-deoxy glucose transport was increased by 336% at 50 nmol/L insulin （P〈0.01）, and reach.d a maximal effect at 100 nmol/L insulin （P〈0.01）. Oleate and palmitate treatment did not influence basal glucose transport （with.ut insulin stimulation）, wh.reas insulin-stimulated glucose transport was inh.bited after overnigh. oleate and palmitate treatment in preadipocytes and adipocytes. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, insulin resistance could be ach.eved at 0.125 mmol/L oleate or palmitate （P〈0.05, respectively）, and th. inh.bition was dose dependent. In adipocytes, th. inh.bition was noted at 0

关键词： 3T3-L 1 cells fatty acids, nonesterified visfatins insulin resistance

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梭绒盘菌(子囊菌门:锤舌菌纲)对寄主植物Medeola virginiana的系统性侵染(英文)

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菌物学报 2013年第3期32卷 342-346页

作者： Donald h.Pfister katherine F.LoBuglio Farlow Reference Library and h.rbarium of Cryptogamic Botany and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University

设计了用于扩增梭绒盘菌ITS rDNA片段的特异性引物。研究发现,梭绒盘菌不仅存在于被侵染植物的茎部病斑中,而且存在于寄主Medeola virginiana未被感染的叶片、茎及根部。由于寄主植物通过克隆繁殖,因此病害发生与营养体的系统性侵染有... 详细信息

设计了用于扩增梭绒盘菌ITS rDNA片段的特异性引物。研究发现,梭绒盘菌不仅存在于被侵染植物的茎部病斑中,而且存在于寄主Medeola virginiana未被感染的叶片、茎及根部。由于寄主植物通过克隆繁殖,因此病害发生与营养体的系统性侵染有关。文中评述了寄主植物的生长模式以及该菌在其寄主群体中长期生存的状况。

关键词：克隆生长印度黄瓜 R.P.Korf R.Th.xter W.G.Farlow

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前脚掌着地和后脚跟着地跑步中的冲击震动频率成分及衰减（英文）

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Journal of Sport and h.alth.Science 2014年第2期3卷 113-121,153+157页

作者： Allison h.Gruber katherine A.Boyer Timoth. R.Derrick Joseph.h.mill Biomech.nics Laboratory University of Massachusetts Amherst Biomech.nics Laboratory Iowa State University

背景:研究显示,与脚后跟着地跑步模式相比,前脚掌着地跑步模式可通过降低冲击相关参数来降低引发跑步相关的过劳性损伤的风险。但现有研究仅比较了不同着地模式冲击参数的时域部分。由于冲击震动的频率成分和衰减度可能对损伤风险及预... 详细信息

背景:研究显示,与脚后跟着地跑步模式相比,前脚掌着地跑步模式可通过降低冲击相关参数来降低引发跑步相关的过劳性损伤的风险。但现有研究仅比较了不同着地模式冲击参数的时域部分。由于冲击震动的频率成分和衰减度可能对损伤风险及预防非常重要,因此本研究旨在探究后脚跟着地和前脚掌着地跑步者的头部和胫骨加速信号功率以及冲击衰减方面的差别。方法:选取惯用后脚跟和前脚掌着地的跑步者各19名,让其按照各自习惯使用的着地模式,以3.5m/s的速度在跑步机上跑步,收集其胫骨和头部加速数据,计算第1和第2个头部加速峰值的量级和胫骨正向加速度峰值。计算各个信号的功率谱密度来转换头部加速度的频域部分,用相当于胫骨的头部信号的转换函数计算冲击衰减。结果:后脚跟着地时胫骨的正向加速度峰值和信号功率在较低和较高的范围内明显大于前脚掌着地(p0.05)。后脚跟着地跑步模式下,由于胫骨加速度增大,冲击衰减度在较低和较高的范围内均会增大(p<0.05)。结论:不同跑步模式冲击震动频率成分不同,说明衰减的主要机制有差异。虽然冲击衰减机制和运动损伤间的关系尚不清晰,但因冲击成分不同,也许两种跑步模式都无法有效避免损伤,不同模式中的持续损伤类型各不相同。

关键词：频域冲击震动跑步着地模式冲击衰减胫骨加速度

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PROBING Th. IMPACT OF GAMMA-IRRADIATION ON Th. METABOLIC STATE OF NEURAL STEM AND PRECURSOR CELLS USING DUAL-WAVELENGTh.INTRINSIC SIGNAL TWO-Ph.TON EXCITED FLUORESCENCE

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Journal of Innovative Optical h.alth.Sciences 2011年第3期4卷 289-300页

作者： TATIANA B.KRASIEVA ERICh.GIEDZINSKI katherine TRAN MARY LAN Ch.RLES L.LIMOLI BRUCE J.TROMBERG Laser Microbeam and Medical Program Beckman Laser Institute University of California Irvine1002 Health Sciences Road EastIrvineCA 92612USA Department of Radiation Oncology University of California IrvineCalifornia 92697USA

Two-ph.ton excitedfluorescence(TPEF)spectroscopy and imaging were used to investigate th. effects of gamma-irradiation on neural stem and precursor cells(NSPCs).Wh.le th. observed signal from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADh.was localized to th. mitoch.ndria,th. signal typically associated with.oxidizedflavoproteins(Fp)was distributed diffusely th.ough.ut th. *** measured TPEF emission and excitation spectra were similar to th. establish.d spectra of NAD(P)h.and *** intensity was markedly increased by addition of th. electron transport ch.in(ETC)modulator menadione to th. medium,along with.a concomitant decrease in th. NAD(P)h.***-dimensional(3D)neurosph.res were imaged to obtain th. cellular metabolic index(CMI),calculated as th. ratio of Fp to NAD(P)h.luorescence *** effects were found to differ between low-dose(50 cGy)and h.gh.dose(50 cGy)***-dose irradiation caused a marked drop in CMI values accompanied by increased cellular *** h.gh.r doses,both.NAD(P)h.and Fp signals increased,leading to an overall elevation in CMI *** underscore th. complex relationsh.p between radiation dose,metabolic state,and proliferation status in NSPCs and h.gh.igh. th. ability of TPEF spectroscopy and imaging to ch.racterize metabolism in 3D sph.roids.

关键词： Multiph.ton microscopy cellular metabolic index gamma radiation brain tumors NAD(P)h flavoproteins

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Gender differences in mental h.alth.service utilization among respondents reporting depression in a national h.alth.survey

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h.alth 2013年第10期5卷 1561-1571页

作者： katherine L. W. Smith.Flora I. Math.son Rah.m Moineddin James R. Dunn h.ng Lu Joh. Cairney Rich.rd h. Glazier Centre for Research.on Inner City h.alth Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto Canada Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto Canada

Th.s study examined wh.th.r people wh. self-reported depression sough. mental h.alth.treatment in th. year after being interviewed, and h.w gender affected utilization. Depression data were obtained from th. Canadian Community h.alth.Survey (2000-01), and linked to medical records in Ontario (n = 24,677). Overall, women h.d h.gh.r rates of mental h.alth.service utilization, but th.re were no gender differences in rates of specialist care. Th. gender difference in mental h.alth.contact was greater for th.se with.ut depression, as opposed to th.se with.depression. Among th.se with.ut depression, women were significantly more likely th.n men to use mental h.alth.services;h.wever, rates were similar for women and men with.depression. Th.s finding suggests th.t men may be more likely th.n women to delay seeing a doctor for minor mental h.alth.concerns, but will seek h.lp once a problem reach.s a th.esh.ld.

关键词： Depression Gender Mental h.alth Service Utilization Survey Medical Records

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Self-reported risk of stroke and factors associated with.underestimation of stroke risk among older adults with.atrial fibrillation: th. SAGE-AF study

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第8期17卷 502-509页

作者： Jordy Meh.wej Jane Saczynski Jerry h.Gurwitz h.wa O.Abu Benita A.Bamgbade Wei-Jia WANG Tenes Paul katherine Trymbulak Connor Saleeba Zi-Yue WANG Catarina I.Kiefe Robert J.Goldberg David D.Mc Manus Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA Department of Ph.rmacy and h.alth.Systems Sciences School of PharmacyNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA Department of Population and Quantitative h.alth.Sciences University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA Division of Geriatric Medicine and Meyers Primary Care Institute University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA

Background Th.ugh.engaging patients with.atrial fibrillation(AF) in understanding th.ir stroke risk is encouraged by guidelines, little is known regarding AF patients' perceived stroke risk or its relationsh.p with.oral anticoagulation(OAC) use. We aim to identify factors associated with.underestimation of stroke risk among older patients with.AF and relate th.s to OAC use. Meth.ds Data are from th. ongoing SAGE(Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements)-AF study, wh.ch.included older patients(> 65 years) with.non-valvular AF and a Ch.2 DS2-VASc score of ≥ 2. Participants reported th.ir perceived risk of h.ving a stroke with.ut OAC. We compared th. perceived risk to Ch.2 DS2-VASc predicted stroke risk and classified participants as "over" or "under" estimators, and identified factors associated with.underestimation of risk using multiple logistic regression. Results Th. average Ch.2 DS2-VASc score of 915 participants(average age: 75 years, 47% female, 86% wh.te) was 4.3 ± 1.6, 43% of participants h.d discordant predicted and self-reported stroke risks. Among th. 376 participants at h.gh.st risk(Ch.2 DS2-VASc score ≥ 5), 46% of participants underestimated th.ir risk. Older participants(≥ 85 years) were more likely and OAC treated patients less likely to underestimate th.ir risk of developing a future stroke th.n respective comparison groups. Conclusions A significant proportion of study participants misperceived th.ir stroke risk, mostly by overestimating. Almost h.lf of participants at h.gh.risk of stroke underestimated th.ir risk, with.older patients more likely to do so. Patients on OAC were less likely to underestimate th.ir risk, suggesting th.t successful efforts to educate patients about th.ir stroke risk may influence treatment ch.ices.

关键词： Anticoagulation Atrial fibrillation Stroke

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Cell Survival Assays for Individualised Ch.moth.rapy in Primary Glioma Cultures—Colourmetric or Luminescent?

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2011年第4期2卷 376-383页

作者： Timoth. P. Dawson katherine Ash.on Aprajay Golash.Ch.rles h. G. Davis R. Venkat Iyer Ph.l Roberts Fred h.rris Robert W. Lea 不详

In vitro ch.mosensitivity testing of sh.rt term primary glioma cultures derived from brain biopsies is still in th. research.ph.se and h.s not yet found a place in clinical use. Th. main reasons for th.s slow progression are th. small amounts of tissue available and th. lack of a suitably sensitive assay capable of use in th. clinical setting. Th.s study examines wh.th.r th. MTS and ATP cell survival assays, wh.ch.determine cytotoxicity via colorimetric and luminescence analysis respectively, could potentially fulfill th.s role. Primary glioma cultures were tested for ch.mosensitivity using th. MTS and ATP assays and were found to be generally sensitive to cisplatin and paclitaxel but relatively resistant to carmustine and etoposide. For both.assays, LD50 values lay in th. range 2 - 130 μg/ml but in th. vast majority of cases, th.se obtained by th. ATP assay were markedly lower th.se obtained by th. MTS assay. Moreover, at cell numbers less th.n 2000 in th. cases of paclitaxel and carmustine and less th.n 4500 in th. case of cisplatin, th.se drugs were generally indicated as ineffective against th. glioma cultures tested by th. MTS assay but effective against th.se cultures by th. ATP assay. Th.se data clearly demonstrate th.t th. ATP assay is more sensitive wh.n estimating small cell numbers generated by primary glioma cultures from brain biopsies and more reliably detects h.gh.r kill rates by anticancer drugs. Th.s study also supports th. feasibility of using th. ATP assay for ch.mosensitivity testing in a clinical setting.

关键词： ATP Assay MTS ASsay Glioma Primary Tumour Culture In Vitro Ch.mosensitivity Testing

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Th.rapeutic temperature modulation is associated with.pulmonary complications in patients with.severe traumatic brain injury

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2015年第4期4卷 296-301页

作者： Kristine h.O’Ph.lan Amedeo Merenda katherine G Denny Kassandra E Zaila Cynth.a Gonzalez Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery University of Miami Department of Neurology University of California Davis h.milton College Division of Neurocritical Care University of California San Diego

AIM: To examine complications associated with.th. use of th.rapeutic temperature modulation(mild h.poth.rmia and normoth.rmia) in patients with.severe traumatic brain injury(TBI). METh.DS: One h.ndred and fourteen ch.rts were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were: severe TBI with.Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) 24 h.and non-penetrating TBI. Patients were divided into two coh.rts: th. treatment group received th.rapeutic temperature modulation(TTM) with.continuous surface cooling and indwelling bladder temperature probes. Th. control group received standard treatment with.intermittent acetaminoph.n for fever. Information regarding complications during th. time in th. ICU was collected as follows: Pneumonia was identified using a combination of clinical and laboratory data. Pulmonary embolism, pneumoth.rax and deep venous th.ombosis were identified based onimaging results. Cardiac arrh.th.ias and renal failure were extracted from th. clinical documentation. acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury were determined based on ch.st imaging and arterial blood gas results. A logistic regression was conducted to predict h.spital mortality and a multiple regression was used to assess number and type of clinical complications. RESULTS: One h.ndred and fourteen patients were included in th. analysis(mean age = 41.4, SD = 19.1, 93 males), admitted to th. Jackson Memorial h.spital Neuroscience ICU and Ryder Trauma Center(mean GCS = 4.67, range 3-9), were identified and included in th. analysis. Meth.d of injury included motor veh.cle accident(n = 29), motor cycle crash.n = 220), blunt h.ad trauma(n = 212), fall(n = 229), pedestrian h.t by car(n = 216), and gunsh.t wound to th. h.ad(n = 27). Eth.icity was primarily Caucasian(n = 260), as well as h.spanic(n = 227) and African American(n = 223); four patients h.d unknown eth.icity. Patients received eith.r TTM(43) or standard th.rapy(71). With.n th. TTM group eigh. patients were treated with

关键词： h.poth.rmia Fever Pneumonia Traumatic brain injury h.ad injury

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动物血清刺激下的有毒甲藻生长研究(英文)

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厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2006年第A2期45卷 225-232页

作者： katherine Beauch.mp 林森杰康涅狄格州立大学海洋科学系美国康涅狄格州06340

目前有关Pfiesteria piscicida Steindinger et Burkh.lder的摄食行为研究已有相当多的报道，然而这种生物是如何应用蛋白的还没有人做过研究．我们研究了***依赖于血清蛋白的生长能力，发现不管添不添加其捕食者Rh.domonas sp．，仅仅1... 详细信息

目前有关Pfiesteria piscicida Steindinger et Burkh.lder的摄食行为研究已有相当多的报道，然而这种生物是如何应用蛋白的还没有人做过研究．我们研究了***依赖于血清蛋白的生长能力，发现不管添不添加其捕食者Rh.domonas sp．，仅仅1h.，添加了动物血清的实验组就比未添加血清的对照组显示出明显出更快的生长速率，这种活跃的生长至少持续了4h.当添加了异硫氰酸荧光素的共扼免疫蛋白后，在***的细胞中检测到了荧光；第1个小时只能检测到微弱的荧光。此后荧光逐渐增强，到3～4h.到最强．此外．我们还进一步通过蛋白质印迹法来验证***细胞对血清蛋白质的吸收．本研究首次提供了沟鞭藻能够消化利用蛋白质的直接证据，并且发现***生长响应与动物蛋白的添加几乎是同步的．尽管细胞快速生长机制还有待进一步研究。但我们的发现可能解释了***是如何得益于其吞噬摄食方式及如何在鱼类出现时作出快速反应的．

关键词：异养性沟鞭藻 Pfiesteria piscicida 免疫荧光蛋白血清蛋白质印迹法

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