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Changes in Philornis infestation behavior threaten Darwin＇s finch survival

Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 542-550页

作者： Sonia KLEINDORFER katharina J. PETERS Georgina CUSTANCE Rachael Y. DUDANIEC Jody A. O'CONNOR School of Biological Sciences Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide 5001 Australia Department of Biology Lund University S61vegatan 37 Lund 22362 Sweden

The conservation behavior framework is useful to identify key linkages between behavior and conservation practice. We apply this framework to a novel host-parasite system on the Galapagos Islands and ask if there have been changes in parasite oviposition behavior and host mortality patterns across the first decade （2004-2013） of its known association. The Dipteran parasite Philornis downsi was first discovered in Darwin＇s finch nests in 1997 and is the biggest threat to the survival of Galapagos land birds. Host mortality has increased over the past decade. In Dipterans, pupation and pupae size are determined by access to host resources. Here, we test the hypothesis that P downsi flies are laying eggs in finch nests earlier in the nestling phase to maximize larval feeding time and therefore chance of pupation success before host death. The results show fewer 1st instar larvae later in the host nesting cycle in support of earlier egg laying behavior by female flies. Between 2004 and 2013, parasite intensity increased from -28 to -48 parasites per nest, host mortality increased from -50% to -90%, and host age at death decreased from -11 to -5 days. The earlier age at host death was correlated with fewer pupae （from -50% to -20%） and smaller pupae size （-10% decrease）. Changes in parasite behavior reveal new fitness costs to both the parasite and Darwin＇s finches. These findings un- derscore the need for urgent conservation action to save Darwin＇s finches from extinction due to a novel, lethal and introduced parasite [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 542-550, 2014].

关键词： Host mortality Parasite size Darwin's finches Ectoparasitism Camarhynchus Geospiza

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Opinion Leaders and Lead Users in Marketing and Management Accounting and Impact on Small Business Performance

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Social Networking 2013年第1期2卷 9-18页

作者： katharina Simbeck Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management Technical University Berlin Germany

This paper empirically investigates into the business performance benefit that lead users or opinion leaders among small business owners draw from their higher involvement in management accounting or marketing topics. This work also contributes to a better identification of network members’ roles solely through their ties between each other. Indeed, lead users and opinion leaders can be differentiated by a higher degree centrality in comparison to their peers. However, being an opinion leader or a lead user does not yield a measurable business benefit to the small businesses studied in this sample.

关键词： Social Network Analysis Opinion Leaders Lead Users Small Businesses Network Centrality

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Split liver transplantation: Current developments

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第47期24卷 5312-5321页

作者： Christina Hackl katharina M Schmidt Caner Süsal Bernd Dohler Martin Zidek Hans J Schlitt Department of Surgery University Hospital RegensburgRegensburg 93053Germany Collaborative Transplant Study (CTS) Institute of ImmunologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69120Germany

In 1988, Rudolf Pichlmayr pioneered split liver transplantation(SLT), enabling the transplantation of one donor liver into two recipients-one pediatric and one adult patient. In the same year, Henri Bismuth and colleagues performed the first full right/full left split procedure with two adult recipients. Both splitting techniques were rapidly adopted within the transplant community. However, a SLT is technically demanding, may cause increased perioperative complications, and may potentially transform an excellent deceased donor organ into two marginal quality grafts. Thus, crucial evaluation of donor organs suitable for splitting and careful screening of potential SLT recipients is warranted. Furthermore, the logistic background of the splitting procedure as well as the organ allocation policy must be adapted to further increase the number and the safety of SLT. Under defined circumstances, in selected patients and at experienced transplant centers, SLT outcomes can be similar to those obtained in full organ LT. Thus, SLT is an important tool to reduce the donor organ shortage and waitlist mortality, especially for pediatric patients and small adults. The present review gives an overview of technical aspects, current developments, and clinical outcomes of SLT.

关键词： Liver transplantation organ shortage in situ split extended right lobe left lateral lobe living donor

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Single port laparoscopy in gastroenterology and hepatology: A fine step forward

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15599-15607页

作者： Christof Mittermair Jan Schirnhofer Eberhard Brunner katharina Pimpl Christian Obrist Michael Weiss Helmut G Weiss General Surgery Department Saint John of God Hospital

Single incision laparoscopy(SIL) has become an emerging technology aiming at a further reduction of abdominal wall trauma in minimally invasive surgery. Available data is encouraging for the safe application of standardized SIL in a wide range of procedures in gastroenterology and hepatology. Compared to technically simple SIL procedures, the merit of SIL in advanced surgeries, such as liver or colorectal interventions, compared to conventional laparsocopy is self-evident without any doubt. SIL has already passed the learning curve and is routinely utilized in expert centers. This minimized approach has allowed to enter a new era of surgical management that can not be acceded without a fruitful combination of prudent training, consistent day-to-day work and enthusiastic motivation for technical innovations. Both, basic and novel technical specifics as well as particular procedures are described herein. The focus is on the most important surgical interventions in gastroenterology and aims at reviewingthe current literature and shares our experience in a high volume center.

关键词： Minimal invasive surgery Single port surgery Single incision laparoscopy Gastroenterology Hepatology

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Circle of Willis variants are not associated with thrombectomy outcomes

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 310-313页

作者： Thomas Seifert-Held katharina Eberhard Soren Christensen Edith Hofer Christian Enzinger Gregory W Albers Maarten Lansberg Department of Neurology Medical University of GrazGrazAustria Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics Center for Medical ResearchMedical University of GrazGrazAustria Department of Neurology&Neurological Sciences Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA

Background The circle of Willis(COW)is part of the brain collateral *** absence of COW segments may affect functional outcome in patients with ischaemic stroke undergoing endovascular *** In 182 patients in the Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging Evaluation for Understanding Stroke Evolution 2 Study and the CT Perfusion to Predict Response to Recanalisation in Ischaemic Stroke Project,COW anatomy was evaluated on postinterventional magnetic resonance *** absence of the posterior communicating artery or the first segments of posterior or anterior cerebral arteries ipsilateral to the ischaemic infarction was rated as an incomplete *** regression was applied to evaluate an association with the patients’modified Rankin scale(mRS)at 90 days after stroke Results An incomplete ipsilateral COW was not predictive of the patients’mRS at 90 days after *** associations were shown for the patients’baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),age and reperfusion *** effect size suggests that a significant association of an incomplete COW with the mRS at 90 days may be obtained in cohorts of more than 3000 *** Compared with the established predictors NIHSS,age and reperfusion status,an incomplete COW is not associated with functional outcome after endovascular therapy.

关键词： Willis anatomy incomplete

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Bioactive glass based scaffolds coated with gelatin for the sustained release of icariin

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Bioactive Materials 2019年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Theresa Reiter Tanja Panick katharina Schuhladen Judith A.Roether Jasmin Hum Aldo R.Boccaccini Institute of Biomaterials Department Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergCauerstr.691058 ErlangenGermany

Gelatin-coated,3D sponge-like scaffolds based on 45S5 bioactive glass were produced using the foam replication *** strength tests of gelatin-coated samples compared to uncoated scaffolds showed significant strengthening and toughening effects of the gelatin coating with compressive strength values in the range of cortical ***,the crosslinked gelatin network(using either caffeic acid or N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC)/N-hxdroxysuccinimide(NHS)as crosslinking agent)was shown to be a suitable candidate for the sustained release of the bioactive molecule *** bioactivity of the produced scaffolds,characterization by FTIR and SEM indicated the formation of hydroxyapatite(HA)in all samples after immersion in simulated body fluid(SBF)for 14 days,highlighting the favorable combination of mechanical robustness,bioactivity and drug delivery capability of this new type of scaffolds.

关键词： Bioactive glass Icariin Drug release Gelatin Scaffold

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Bones and Crohn’s:No benefit of adding sodium fluoride or ibandronate to calcium and vitamin D

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第3期17卷 334-342页

作者： Jochen Klaus Max Reinshagen katharina Herdt Christoph Schrter Guido Adler Georg BT von Boyen Christian von Tirpitz Department of Internal Medicine I University of Ulm Albert Einstein Allee 23 89081 Ulm Germany Department of Internal Medicine I Stdtisches Klinikum Braunschweig Salzdahlumer Straβe 90 38126 Braunschweig Germany Medizinische Klinik Kreisklinik Biberach Ziegelhausstraβe 50 88400 Biberach Germany

AIM: To compare the effect of calcium and cholecalciferol alone and along with additional sodium fluoride or ibandronate on bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: Patients (n =148) with reduced BMD (T-score < -1) were randomized to receive cholecalciferol (1000 IU) and calcium citrate (800 mg) daily alone(group A, n = 32) or along with additional sodium fluoride (25 mg bid) (group B, n = 62) or additional ibandronate (1 mg iv/3-monthly) (group C, n = 54). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and proximal right femur and X-rays of the spine were performed at baseline and after 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 years. Fracture-assessment included visual reading of X-rays and quantitative morphometry of vertebral bodies (T4-L4).RESULTS: One hundred and twenty three (83.1%) patients completed the first year for intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Ninety two (62.2%) patients completed the second year and 71 (47.8%) the third year available for per-protocol (PP) analysis. With a significant increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by +0.28 ± 0.35 [95% conf idence interval (CI): 0.162-0.460, P < 0.01], +0.33 ± 0.49 (95% CI: 0.109-0.558, P < 0.01), +0.43 ± 0.47 (95% CI: 0.147-0.708, P < 0.01) in group A, +0.22 ± 0.33 (95% CI: 0.125-0.321, P < 0.01); +0.47 ± 0.60 (95% CI: 0.262-0.676, P < 0.01), +0.51 ± 0.44 (95% CI: 0.338-0.682, P < 0.01) in group B and +0.22 ± 0.38 (95% CI: 0.111-0.329, P < 0.01), +0.36 ± 0.53 (95% CI: 0.147-0.578, P < 0.01), +0.41 ± 0.48 (95% CI: 0.238-0.576, P < 0.01) in group C, respectively, during the 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 year periods (PP analysis), no treatment regimen was superior in any in- or between-group analyses. In the ITT analysis, similar results in all in- and between-group analyses with a significant in-group but non-significant between-group increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by 0.38 ± 0.46 (group A, P < 0.01), 0.37 ± 0.50 (group B, P < 0.01) and 0.35 ± 0.49 (group C, P < 0.01) was

关键词： Crohn’s disease Bone mineral density Vertebral fracture Cholecalciferol Calcium Ibandronate Sodium fluoride

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Twenty-first century climate change and submerged aquatic vegetation in a temperate estuary:the case of Chesapeake Bay

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第7期3卷 14-34页

作者： Thomas M.Arnold Richard C.Zimmerman katharina A.M.Engelhardt J.Court Stevenson Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies Dickinson CollegeCarlislePAUSA Department of Ocean Earth and Atmospheric SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA Appalachian Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceFrostburgMDUSA Horn Point Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceCambridgeMDUSA

Introduction:The Chesapeake Bay was once renowned for expansive meadows of submerged aquatic vegetation(SAV).However,only 10%of the original meadows *** restoration effortswill be complicated by accelerating climate change,including physiological stressors such as a predicted mean temperature increase of 2-6℃and a 50-160%increase in CO_(2)***:As the Chesapeake Bay begins to exhibit characteristics of a subtropical estuary,summer heat waves will become more frequent and *** alone would eventually eliminate eelgrass(Zostera marina)from the *** will favor native heat-tolerant species such as widgeon grass(Ruppia maritima)while facilitating colonization by non-native seagrasses(e.g.,Halodule spp.).Intensifying human activity will also fuel coastal zone acidification and the resulting high CO_(2)/low pH conditions may benefit SAV via a“CO_(2)fertilization effect.”Discussion:Acidification is known to offset the effects of thermal stress and may have similar effects in estuaries,assuming water clarity is sufficient to support CO_(2)-stimulated photosynthesis and plants are not overgrown by ***,coastal zone acidification is variable,driven mostly by local biological processes that may or may not always counterbalance the effects of regional *** precarious equipoise between two forces-thermal stress and acidification-will be critically important because it may ultimately determine the fate of cool-water plants such as Zostera marina in the Chesapeake ***:The combined impacts of warming,coastal zone acidification,water clarity,and overgrowth of competing algae will determine the fate of SAV communities in rapidly changing temperate estuaries.

关键词： Submerged aquatic vegetation climate temperature coastal acidification Chesapeake Bay

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Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after ChAdOx1 nCov- 19 vaccination with a misleading first cerebral MRI scan

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第4期6卷 668-670页

作者： Benno Ikenberg Antonia Franziska Demleitner Thomas Thiele Benedikt Wiestler katharina Götze Georg Mößmer Paul Lingor Department of Neurology Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität MünchenMunchenGermany Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin Universitätsmedizin GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany Department of Diagnostic und Interventional Neuroradiology Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität MünchenMunchenGermany Department of Medicine III Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität MünchenMunchenGermany Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität MünchenMunchenGermany

SUMMARY Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia(VITT)and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST)have been recently described as rare complications following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with vector *** report a case of a young woman who presented with VITT and cerebral CVST 7 days following vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov-19(AstraZeneca).While the initial MRI was considered void of pathological findings,MRI 3 days later revealed extensive CVST of the transversal and sigmoidal sinus with intracerebral *** tests including a platelet-factor-4-induced platelet activation assay confirmed the diagnosis of *** with intravenous immunoglobulins and argatroban resulted in a normalisation of platelet counts and remission of CVST.

关键词： vaccination cerebral venous

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COVID-19:Masks do not influence neurocognitive performance during a shift at the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第4期14卷 317-321页

作者： Jürgen Grafeneder Verena Fuhrmann katharina Tscherny Maximilian Niederer Wolfgang Schreiber Harald Herkner Dominik Roth Calvin Lukas Kienbacher Department of Emergency Medicine Medical University of ViennaWien 1090Austria Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Hospital ScheibbsScheibbs 3270Austria

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the widespread mandatory use of personal protective equipment(PPE),including filtering face pieces(FFP).Emergency medical care providers now commonly use this equipment.

关键词： COV Mask protective

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