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*** Part Ⅰ:A Gridded Wet Bulb Temperature Extremes Index Product for Climate monitoring

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 1952-1967页

作者： kate m.willett met Office Hadley Centre FitzRoy RoadExeterEX13PBU.K.

*** is an annually updated global gridded monthly monitoring product of wet and dry bulb temperature–based extremes indices,from January 1973 to December *** quality,including spatial and temporal stability,is a key *** hourly data are quality *** is assessed on monthly means and used to score each gridbox according to its homogeneity rather than to apply *** enables user-specific screening for temporal stability and avoids errors from inferring adjustments from monthly means for the daily maximum *** general use,a score(HQ Flag)of 0 to 6 is recommended.A range of indices are presented,aligning with existing standardised ***,provision of both wet and dry bulb indices allows exploration of heat event character—whether it is a“humid and hot”,“dry and hot”or“humid and warm”*** is designed for analysis of long-term trends in regional *** can be used to study local events,but given the greater vulnerability to errors of maximum compared to mean values,cross-validation with independent information is advised.

关键词： wet bulb temperature heat extremes climate monitoring

Geometric Property(T)

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Chinese Annals of mathematics,Series B 2014年第5期35卷 761-800页

作者： Rufus willett Guoliang YU Department of mathematics University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Department of mathematics Texas A&M University Shanghai Center for mathematical Sciences

This paper discusses "geometric property(T)". This is a property of metric spaces introduced in earlier works of the authors for its applications to K-theory. Geometric property(T) is a strong form of "expansion property", in particular, for a sequence(Xn)of bounded degree finite graphs, it is strictly stronger than(Xn) being an expander in the sense that the Cheeger constants h(Xn) are bounded *** this paper, the authors show that geometric property(T) is a coarse invariant,i.e., it depends only on the large-scale geometry of a metric space X. The authors also discuss how geometric property(T) interacts with amenability, property(T) for groups,and coarse geometric notions of a-T-menability. In particular, it is shown that property(T) for a residually finite group is characterised by geometric property(T) for its finite quotients.

关键词： Coarse geometry Expander Roe algebra Property (T)

Unlocking a novel determinant of athletic performance:The role of the gut microbiota,short-chain fatty acids,and“biotics”in exercise

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 36-44页

作者： kate m.Sales Raylene A.Reimer Faculty of Kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Biochemistry&molecular Biology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada

The gut microbiota refers to the collection of trillions of intestinal microorganisms that modulate central aspects of health and disease through influential effects on host ***,a connection has been made between the gut microbiota and *** investigations demonstrated the beneficial effects of exercise on the gut microbiota,with cross-sectional studies revealing positive correlations between exerciseassociated states,and healthy gut microbiota and exercise interventions showed post-intervention increases in the abundance of beneficial bacterial *** recent investigations have focused on exploring the reverse relationship:the influence of the gut microbiota on exercise *** investigations have revealed that certain bacterial taxa may enhance endurance exercise performance by augmenting various aspects of lactate ***,short-chain fatty acids—which modulate metabolism at various organ sites,including within skeletal muscle—have been shown to enhance endurance exercise capacity in *** review highlights what is currently known about the connection between the gut microbiota and exercise,with a particular focus on the ergogenic potential of the gut microbiota and how it may be leveraged to enhance endurance exercise performance.

关键词： Exercise performance Gut microbiota Short-chain fatty acids

Attitude and application: Judge a crop on its potential and not breeding technology

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molecular Plant 2021年第9期14卷 1405-1407页

作者： Daire Carroll kate m.Creasey Krainer Grow more Foundation 25 Health Sciences DriveStony BrookNY 11790USA

In comparison with tech no logical adva nceme nts in other fields,applicatio ns of biotech no logy in agriculture elicit strong,divisive *** polarizing debate over genetically modified orga isms(GmOs),ortransgenic crops,has spanned ***-nents have focused heavily on a single trait:herbicide *** concern regarding the impacts of herbicides on human health and the environment has overshadowed other applications of genetic engin eering,such as pest resista nee,biofortificati on,and non-browning fruit(Abdallah et al.,2015).We argue that newly developed crops should be judged based on their potential,rather than tainted based on association with unpopular applications.

关键词： crops breeding potential

The Inequity of Biotechnological Impact

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molecular Plant 2021年第1期14卷 1-2页

作者： Sylvia He kate m.Creasey Krainer Grow more Foundation New YorkUSA

Less than 1%of the total population of the developing world is positively affected by biotechnological *** global impact of biotechnology on agriculture is impeded by the disproportionate development and growth of economically important crops in the developed *** over 2 decades,526 genetically engineered events,or bioengineered(BE)traits,in 32 crops have been approved in 44 countries(ISAAA database,2020).Of these 44 countries,38 are high income,representing 73%of the developed *** six represent low-income countries,including four in Africa(ISAAA database,2020).Although many countries import BE crops for feed,food,and processing,just over half of the 44 countries cultivate(ISAAA,2017).Twenty years since their development,the acreage used for BE crops has increased from 1.7 million to 191.7 million *** increase in growth is dominated by economically important crops such as cotton,maize,and soybean,which also account for 65%of new traits(Brookes and Barfoot,2018).

关键词： crops soybean income

Cost and accuracy of advanced breeding trial designs in apple

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 267-276页

作者： Julia m Harshman kate m Evans Craig m Hardner Department of Horticulture Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension CenterWenatchee98801WAUSA Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072QueenslandAustralia

Trialing advanced candidates in tree fruit crops is expensive due to the long-term nature of the planting and labor-intensive evaluations required to make selection *** closely the trait evaluations approximate the true trait value needs balancing with the cost of the *** of field trials of advanced apple candidates in which reduced number of locations,the number of years and the number of harvests per year were modeled to investigate the effect on the cost and accuracy in an operational breeding *** aim was to find designs that would allow evaluation of the most additional candidates while sacrificing the least *** percentage difference,response to selection,and correlated response were used to examine changes in accuracy of trait *** the quality traits evaluated,accuracy and response to selection were not substantially reduced for most trial *** management influences the decision to change trial design,and some designs had greater risk associated with *** cost and accuracy with risk yields valuable insight into advanced breeding trial *** methods outlined in this analysis would be well suited to other horticultural crop breeding programs.

关键词： breeding crops planting

Pandemics of People and Plants: Which Is the Greater Threat to Food Security?

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molecular Plant 2020年第7期13卷 933-934页

作者： Sylvia He kate m.Creasey Krainer Grow more Foundation New YorkNYUSA

As the world is gripped by the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,plant epidemics are spreading silently,affecting crop yields and the global *** have been drawn between the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing plight of plant *** 7.4 million people have been infected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).

关键词： Acute infected demic

Crop agriculture: Necessarytraits for cultivation

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molecular Plant 2023年第12期16卷 1875-1877页

作者： Stuart Kaplan kate m.Creasey Krainer Grow more Foundation New YorkNYUSA

Humans hunted and gathered native plants and animals for thousands of years,eventually learning how to cultivate and exploit to feed *** cultivation and animal husbandry form the basis of modern civilization based on the conversion of solar energy directly into plant products and animal tissue and products *** aims to maximize photosynthesis by crops to produce desirable products and also minimize the impact of competing weed species,maximize the efficient use of water and soil fertility,and reduce losses in crop production due to disease and insect *** has required the domestication of plants that humans can exploit systematically to produce food,feed,fodder,and ***,this has been achieved in few species adapted by selection over thousands of *** Opinion paper,as a result of discussions between a plant geneticist and plant breeder,aims to remind the community that the purpose of agriculture is to maximize yield per unit land area.

关键词： husbandry eventually crops

Effect of genotype on duodenal expression of nutrient transporter genes in dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 145-153页

作者： Sinéad m Waters kate Keogh Frank Buckley David A Kenny Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreGrangeDunsanyCo.MeathIreland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre MooreparkFermoyCo CorkIreland

Background： Studies have shown clear differences between dairy breeds in their feed intake and production efficiencies. The duodenum is critical in the coordination of digestion and absorption of nutrients. This study examined gene transcript abundance of important classes of nutrient transporters in the duodenum of non lactating dairy cows of different feed efficiency potential, namely Holstein-Friesian （HF）, Jersey （JE） and their F1 hybrid. Duodenal epithelial tissue was collected at slaughter and stored at -80℃. Total RNA was extracted from tissue and reverse transcribed to generate cDNA. Gene expression of the following transporters, namely nucleoside amino acid; sugar; mineral; and lipid transporters was measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Data were statistically analysed using mixed models ANOVA in SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test for potential heterotic effects and spearman correlation coefficients calculated to determine potential associations amongst gen, expression values and production efficiency variables. Results： While there were no direct effects of genotype on expression values for any of the genes examined, there was evidence for a heterotic effect （P 〈 0.05） on ABCGS, in the form of increased expression in the F1 genotype compared to either of the two parent breeds. Additionally, a tendency for increased expression of the amino acid transporters, SLC3A1 （P= 0.072）, SLC3A2 （P= 0.081） and SLC6A 14 （P= 0.072） was also evident in the F1 genotype. A negative （P 〈 0.05） association was identified between the expression of the glucose transporter gene SLCSA1 and total lactational milk solids yield, corrected for body weight. Positive correlations （P 〈 0.05） were also observed between the expression values of genes involved in common transporter roles. Conclusion： This study suggests that differences in the expression of sterol and amino acid transporters in the duodenum could contribute towards the documented differences in feed effic

关键词： Bovine Duodenum Gene expression Nutrient transporters